Isiphequluli sikaSmalltalk: Asihlulwa, kodwa Akwanele

Ifa Elihlala Likhona Lamandla Angenakuqhathaniswa

Esimeni sokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, amathuluzi ambalwa azuze isimo senganekwane sesiphequluli se-Smalltalk. Wazalwa ngeminyaka yawo-1970 e-Xerox PARC, kwakungeyena nje umhleli wekhodi; kwakuyisixhumi esiyinhloko sendawo ephilayo, ephefumulayo yezinto. Konjiniyela abasebenza ngaphakathi kwendawo ye-Smalltalk, isiphequluli bekuyiwindi ababuka ngalo, baqonda, futhi bakhohlisa lonke uhlelo. Idizayini yayo yayiguquguqukayo ngoba yayihlanganiswe ngokujulile nefilosofi ewumongo yolimi: yonke into iyinto, futhi ikhodi ihlelwa ngamakilasi abukhoma nezindlela. Emashumini eminyaka kamuva, izimiso zesiphequluli se-Smalltalk zibonakala kuwo wonke ama-IDE anamuhla, kusukela kubahloli bekilasi be-IntelliJ kuya kubahloli bezinto zePython. Bekuyi-paradigm, futhi ngezindlela eziningi, iwumbono ongenakunqotshwa wohlelo olugxile entweni.

Kungani Isiphequluli Se-Smalltalk Sihlala Singahluliwe

Ingcweti yesiphequluli se-Smalltalk ilele ekululameni nasekuqondeni kwayo. Yethule i-codebase hhayi njengeqoqo elimile lamafayela ombhalo esihlahleni sohla lwemibhalo, kodwa njengohlelo oluguquguqukayo lwezinto ezibukhoma. Onjiniyela bazozulazula ezigabeni zamakilasi, bese bekhetha ikilasi ukuze babone izindlela zalo, ezihlukaniswe ngohlobo (isibonelo vs. isigaba). Lokhu kubuka okumaphakathi kwento kwehlise kakhulu umthwalo wengqondo wokuphatha amasistimu ayinkimbinkimbi. Ubungahleli nje ifayela elinegama elithi `InvoiceProcessor.java`; ubusebenzisana ngqo nekilasi elithi `InvoiceProcessor` kanye nokuziphatha kwalo. Isiphequluli naso "sasiphila"—ungashintsha ikhodi, uyihlanganise ngokushesha, futhi uyihlole ngaphandle kokushiya imvelo. Le ndlela yokuphendula eqinile idale umuzwa oyingqayizivele wokukhohlisa okuqondile kanye nokushesha abahleli abasuselwe efayeleni abakuthola kunzima ukuwuphindaphinda.

• I-Object-Centric Navigation: Ikhodi ihlelwe ngokwesigaba nangendlela, hhayi ngemizila yefayela engafanele, ifanekisela ukwakheka kohlelo ngokwalo.
• Indawo Ebukhoma: Izinguquko zahlanganiswa futhi zahlanganiswa ohlelweni olusebenzayo ngokushesha, kwavumela ukuhlolwa okusheshayo nokulungisa iphutha.
• Ukufana: Yonke indawo yokuthuthukisa, okuhlanganisa isiphequluli ngokwaso, yakhiwe nge-Smalltalk futhi ingahlolwa futhi ilungiswe kusetshenziswa amathuluzi afanayo.
• Ubulula: Isixhumi esibonakalayo besihlanzeke ngendlela emangalisayo futhi sigxile emisebenzini ewumongo yokubhala nokuhlela ikhodi.

I-"Akunele" Yokusebenza Kwebhizinisi Lesimanje

Ngaphezu kobuhlakani bayo bokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe emsulwa, indawo ye-Smalltalk ibiwumkhathi ovaliwe. Bekuwumhlaba olungiselelwe abahleli bezinhlelo ukwakha nokugcina uhlelo lwesoftware. Kodwa-ke, imisebenzi yesimanje yebhizinisi idinga okungaphezu nje komhleli wekhodi esezingeni lomhlaba. Ibhizinisi liwukuphila okunezici eziningi ezibandakanya ukuphathwa kwephrojekthi, ukusebenzisana kwemibhalo, ukuxhumana, ukuphathwa kobudlelwano bamakhasimende, kanye nenqubo yokuzenzakalela. Isiphequluli se-Smalltalk, njengoba sasinamandla njengoba sasinjalo, asizange sinikeze amathuluzi omdabu omphathi wephrojekthi ukuze alandelele i-sprint, ukuze umdayisi abuyekeze ukuhola, noma ukuba umphathi abone ukuhamba komsebenzi. Bekuyithuluzi eliphelele lesizinda salo esithile, kodwa bekungeyona inkundla yokuphatha ibhizinisi lonke.

"Indawo ye-Smalltalk ibiyisonto labahleli bohlelo, kodwa ibhizinisi lidinga idolobha eliphithizelayo, elixhumene lapho wonke umuntu enamathuluzi awadingayo ukuze abambisane."

Kusuka esipheqululini sekhodi ukuya ku-Modular Business OS

Lapha yilapho ukuvela kwemibono enamandla kangaka kuthola khona ukuvezwa kwakho okusha ezinkundleni ezifana ne-Mewayz. Siyaqaphela ukuthi ikusasa aliphathelene nokudala indawo eyodwa, ye-monolithic, kodwa imayelana nokwakha isistimu yokusebenza eyimojuli yebhizinisi lakho. Cabanga ngamandla esiphequluli se-Smalltalk—ikhono lokubona nokukhohlisa izinto ezibukhoma—kodwa asetshenziswa kuzo zonke izici zenkampani yakho. Esikhundleni samakilasi nezindlela nje, unezinto zebhizinisi ezibukhoma: Amaphrojekthi, Imisebenzi, Amaklayenti, nama-invoyisi.

I-Mewayz ithatha isimiso sokubuka okuhlanganisiwe, okumaphakathi kwento futhi iyinwebe ngale kwekhodi. Ithimba lakho lingakwazi ukusebenzisana nezinto ezifanayo zebhizinisi lisebenzisa amalensi ahlukene: umphathi wephrojekthi ubona ishadi le-Gantt, unjiniyela ubona amaqoqo ekhodi axhunyiwe, futhi umenzeli wosekelo ubona umlando wethikithi leklayenti. Lokhu kudala uhlobo olufanayo lokuhambisana kanye nomthwalo wengqondo oncishisiwe isiphequluli se-Smalltalk esiwunikeze abathuthukisi, kodwa ngesilinganiso senkampani yonke. I-modularity isho ukuthi ungakwazi ukuhlanganisa amathuluzi akhethekile amaqembu akho asewathanda kakade, uqinisekise ukuthi amandla esistimu ehlanganisiwe awabizi ngezindleko zokuvumelana nezimo.

Isiphetho: Ukwakhela phezu kwesisekelo esiyinganekwane

Isiphequluli se-Smalltalk besiwumsebenzi wobuciko womklamo ogxilile, ongehlulwa inhloso yaso. Imikhawulo yayo, nokho, igqamisa izidingo zebhizinisi lesimanje ledijithali. Asisakhi nje isofthiwe; sakha izinhlangano eziguquguqukayo, ezididiyelwe, neziqhutshwa idatha. Ngokwamukela izimiso ezibalulekile zezinto eziphilayo, izindawo ezihlangene, nokukhohlisa okuqondile, amapulatifomu afana ne-Mewayz adala isahluko esilandelayo. Imayelana nokwakha isiphequluli hhayi nje sekhodi yakho, kodwa sebhizinisi lakho lonke, sinikeze ukucaca namandla ake abekelwe abahleli bohlelo kuwo wonke amalungu ethimba lakho.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ifa Elihlala Likhona Lamandla Angenakuqhathaniswa

Esimeni sokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, amathuluzi ambalwa azuze isimo senganekwane sesiphequluli se-Smalltalk. Wazalwa ngeminyaka yawo-1970 e-Xerox PARC, kwakungeyena nje umhleli wekhodi; kwakuyisixhumi esiyinhloko sendawo ephilayo, ephefumulayo yezinto. Konjiniyela abasebenza ngaphakathi kwendawo ye-Smalltalk, isiphequluli bekuyiwindi ababuka ngalo, baqonda, futhi bakhohlisa lonke uhlelo. Idizayini yayo yayiguquguqukayo ngoba yayihlanganiswe ngokujulile nefilosofi ewumongo yolimi: yonke into iyinto, futhi ikhodi ihlelwa ngamakilasi abukhoma nezindlela. Emashumini eminyaka kamuva, izimiso zesiphequluli se-Smalltalk zibonakala kuwo wonke ama-IDE anamuhla, kusukela kubahloli bekilasi be-IntelliJ kuya kubahloli bezinto zePython. Bekuyi-paradigm, futhi ngezindlela eziningi, iwumbono ongenakunqotshwa wohlelo olugxile entweni.

Kungani Isiphequluli Se-Smalltalk Sihlala Singahluliwe

Ingcweti yesiphequluli se-Smalltalk ilele ekululameni nasekuqondeni kwayo. Yethule i-codebase hhayi njengeqoqo elimile lamafayela ombhalo esihlahleni sohla lwemibhalo, kodwa njengohlelo oluguquguqukayo lwezinto ezibukhoma. Onjiniyela bazozulazula ezigabeni zamakilasi, bese bekhetha ikilasi ukuze babone izindlela zalo, ezihlukaniswe ngohlobo (isibonelo vs. isigaba). Lokhu kubuka okumaphakathi kwento kwehlise kakhulu umthwalo wengqondo wokuphatha amasistimu ayinkimbinkimbi. Ubungahleli nje ifayela elinegama elithi `InvoiceProcessor.java`; ubusebenzisana ngqo nekilasi elithi `InvoiceProcessor` kanye nokuziphatha kwalo. Isiphequluli naso "sasiphila"—ungashintsha ikhodi, uyihlanganise ngokushesha, futhi uyihlole ngaphandle kokushiya imvelo. Le ndlela yokuphendula eqinile idale umuzwa oyingqayizivele wokukhohlisa okuqondile kanye nokushesha abahleli abasuselwe efayeleni abakuthola kunzima ukuwuphindaphinda.

I-"Akwanele" Yezebhizinisi Zesimanje

Ngaphezu kobuhlakani bayo bokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe emsulwa, indawo ye-Smalltalk ibiwumkhathi ovaliwe. Bekuwumhlaba olungiselelwe abahleli bezinhlelo ukwakha nokugcina uhlelo lwesoftware. Kodwa-ke, imisebenzi yesimanje yebhizinisi idinga okungaphezu nje komhleli wekhodi esezingeni lomhlaba. Ibhizinisi liwukuphila okunezici eziningi ezibandakanya ukuphathwa kwephrojekthi, ukusebenzisana kwemibhalo, ukuxhumana, ukuphathwa kobudlelwano bamakhasimende, kanye nenqubo yokuzenzakalela. Isiphequluli se-Smalltalk, njengoba sasinamandla njengoba sasinjalo, asizange sinikeze amathuluzi omdabu omphathi wephrojekthi ukuze alandelele i-sprint, ukuze umdayisi abuyekeze ukuhola, noma ukuba umphathi abone ukuhamba komsebenzi. Bekuyithuluzi eliphelele lesizinda salo esithile, kodwa bekungeyona inkundla yokuphatha ibhizinisi lonke.

Kusuka Esipheqululini Sekhodi ukuya ku-Modular Business OS

Lapha yilapho ukuvela kwemibono enamandla kangaka kuthola khona ukuvezwa kwakho okusha ezinkundleni ezifana ne-Mewayz. Siyaqaphela ukuthi ikusasa aliphathelene nokudala indawo eyodwa, ye-monolithic, kodwa imayelana nokwakha isistimu yokusebenza eyimojuli yebhizinisi lakho. Cabanga ngamandla esiphequluli se-Smalltalk—ikhono lokubona nokukhohlisa izinto ezibukhoma—kodwa asetshenziswa kuzo zonke izici zenkampani yakho. Esikhundleni samakilasi nezindlela nje, unezinto zebhizinisi ezibukhoma: Amaphrojekthi, Imisebenzi, Amaklayenti, nama-invoyisi.

Isiphetho: Ukwakhela phezu kwesisekelo esiyinganekwane

Isiphequluli se-Smalltalk besiwumsebenzi wobuciko womklamo ogxilile, ongehlulwa inhloso yaso. Imikhawulo yayo, nokho, igqamisa izidingo zebhizinisi lesimanje ledijithali. Asisakhi nje isofthiwe; sakha izinhlangano eziguquguqukayo, ezididiyelwe, neziqhutshwa idatha. Ngokwamukela izimiso ezibalulekile zezinto eziphilayo, izindawo ezihlangene, nokukhohlisa okuqondile, amapulatifomu afana ne-Mewayz adala isahluko esilandelayo. Imayelana nokwakha isiphequluli hhayi nje sekhodi yakho, kodwa sebhizinisi lakho lonke, sinikeze ukucaca namandla ake abekelwe abahleli bohlelo kuwo wonke amalungu ethimba lakho.