Bonisa i-HN: Vertex.js – A 1kloc SPA Framework

Ukunyuka Kwezinhlaka Ezincane: Kungani Onjiniyela Benqaba Ithuluzi Le-JavaScript eliBloated

Unjiniyela usanda kuthumela uhlaka lohlelo lokusebenza lwekhasi elilodwa olwakhelwe emigqeni ecishe ibe ngu-1,000 yekhodi ku-Hacker News, futhi impendulo bekugesi. Le phrojekthi - uhlaka oluncane lwe-SPA - luphinde lwabusa inkulumo-mpikiswano ebilokhu ishubile emphakathini wokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu iminyaka: ingabe amathuluzi ethu abe yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezinkingeni abazixazululayo? Lapho umtapo wezincwadi oyinhloko we-React, umzila wayo, ungqimba lwawo lokuphatha isimo, kanye nethuluzi layo lokwakha ngokuhlangene linesisindo esingamakhulu ezinkulungwane zemigqa yekhodi, uhlaka oluletha umzila, ukuphinda usebenze, kanye nokunikezwa kwengxenye emigqeni eyi-1,000 nje kuphoqa umbuzo ongakhululekile. Emabhizinisini akha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibheke amakhasimende, impendulo yalowo mbuzo inemiphumela yangempela - ezikhathini zokulayisha, ukukhiqiza konjiniyela, nezindleko zokulungisa zesikhathi eside.

Lokho Okufakazelwa Nguhlaka Lwemigqa engu-1,000 Empeleni

Umbono we-micro-framework awumusha. I-Backbone.js yayicishe ibe yimigqa engu-1,800 yekhodi yomthombo yezichasiselo ngenkathi iqala ngo-2010. I-Mithril.js ihamba ngaphansi kuka-10KB gzipped. Okwenza ukufakwa okusha ngakunye kulesi sigaba kuphawuleke akukhona ukubala komugqa ngokwako kodwa lokho okuvezayo mayelana nesimo samanje sama-API wesiphequluli. Iziphequluli zesimanje zithunyelwa ngosekelo lwendabuko lwezifanekiso ezingokoqobo, i-API Yomlando, ukusebenza kabusha okusekelwe kummeleli, izici zangokwezifiso, nokulayishwa kwemojula. Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, izinhlaka zazidinga izinkulungwane zemigqa ukuze nje kwenziwe umehluko phakathi kwe-Internet Explorer ne-Chrome. Namuhla, umthuthukisi onekhono angakha uhlaka lwe-SPA olusebenza ngokugcwele njengongqimba oluncane lwe-orchestration phezu kwama-primitives epulatifomu.

Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba kushintsha ingxoxo isuke kokuthi "iluphi uhlaka okufanele silukhethe?" ukuthi "sidinga uhlaka nhlobo?" Kumaphrojekthi amancane kuya kwamaphakathi - ikhasi lokufika elinezigaba eziguqukayo, ideshibhodi yangaphakathi, ingosi yekhasimende - impendulo iyanda: mhlawumbe akunjalo, noma okungenani ayinzima. Uhlaka lwemigqa eyi-1,000 luwubufakazi bokuthi inkundla isikhule ngendlela yokuthi umsebenzi wohlaka uyancipha.

Yebo, izinhlaka ezifana ne-React ne-Vue zisazuza isisindo sazo ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinkulu ezinezihlahla zezwe eziyinkimbinkimbi, izidingo zokunikezela eziseceleni kweseva, kanye namaqembu onjiniyela abangu-20+ abahlomulayo ezivumelwaneni eziqinile. Ukuqonda okubalulekile ukuthi ithuluzi elilungile lincike ngokuphelele kububanzi benkinga.

Izindleko Zangempela Ze-JavaScript Bloat

Ucwaningo lwe-Google lubonise ngokungaguquguquki ukuthi njalo ngama-millisecond angu-100 wesikhathi sokulayisha esingeziwe singanciphisa izinga lokuguqulwa kufika ku-7%. Ikhasi lewebhu elimaphakathi manje lithumela ngaphezu kuka-500KB we-JavaScript - inani elicishe liphindeke kathathu kusukela ngo-2015. Kumabhizinisi, lena akuyona imethrikhi yokusebenza engabonakali. Ihumusha ngokuqondile imali engenayo elahlekile, amazinga aphezulu okugxuma, kanye nezinga lenjini yokusesha elibi kakhulu.

Inkinga ihlanganiswe kumanethiwekhi eselula. Umsebenzisi osebenzisa idivayisi ye-Android emaphakathi nebanga elixhuma nge-3G angalinda amasekhondi angu-5-8 ukuze ikhasi le-JavaScript elisindayo lisebenze, ngisho nangemva kokuba i-HTML yokuqala isinikeze. Lokhu kujezisa ikakhulukazi amabhizinisi asebenzela amakhasimende ezimakethe ezisafufusa, lapho ukuphequlula ngeselula kuqala kuyinto evamile kanye nengqalasizinda yenethiwekhi ihluka kakhulu.

• Isikhathi sokuhlaziya: Izinqwaba ze-JavaScript ezinkulu zithatha isikhathi eside ukuthi zicutshungulwe futhi zihlanganiswe, nangaphambi kokuba ulayini owodwa wekhodi yohlelo lokusebenza isebenze
• Ingcindezi yenkumbulo: Abangaphakathi bohlaka oluyinkimbinkimbi badla inkumbulo engasetshenziswa uhlelo lokusebenza ngokwalo
• Buyekeza ukukhathala: Ukuthuthukiswa kohlaka olukhulu (I-Angular 1 ukuya ku-2, I-Vue 2 ukuya ku-3, Izingxenye zekilasi lokuphendula kumahhuku) ziphoqelela imizamo yokufuduka ebizayo njalo eminyakeni engu-2-3
• Amaketango okuncika: Ifolda yama-node_modules yephrojekthi ye-React ejwayelekile iqukethe amaphakheji angu-800-1,200, ngalinye libe sengozini yokuphepha noma ushintsho oluphukayo
• Yakha inkimbinkimbi: I-Webpack, i-Babel, i-PostCSS, namafayela azo okumisa ngokuvamile adlula ikhodi yohlelo lokusebenza ayinikezayo

Ama-Micro-frameworks ashiya phansi iningi lalezi zindleko. Ngokufingqa okumbalwa, kunezinto ezimbalwa okufanele ziphulwe, ukuncika okumbalwa ocwaningweni, namabhayithi ambalwa okumele athunyelwe esipheqululini. Ebhizinisini elidinga ukuba khona kwewebhu okusheshayo, okuthembekile ngaphandle kwethimba lengqalasizinda elizinikele, izibalo ziya ngokuya zithanda ukuba lula.

Kungani Umphakathi Wonjiniyela Uhlukene

Ingxoxo ye-Hacker News ezungeze izinhlaka ezincane ze-SPA ikhiqiza ngokuthembekile amakamu amabili aphikisanayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi kukhona onjiniyela abachithe iminyaka kuma-codebases amakhulu akhelwe ku-React noma i-Angular futhi bazibonele mathupha ukuthi ukuhlangana kohlaka kuhlangana kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Babuke izici ezilula ibhaluni zenza imisebenzi yezinsuku eziningi ngenxa yokuthi izimiso zohlaka zidinga ukucushwa komzila othinta inhliziyo, i-boilerplate yokuphatha isimo, namahhanisi okuhlola ahlekisa abangaphakathi bohlaka. Kulaba bathuthukisi, uhlaka lwemigqa eyi-1,000 lumelela inkululeko - ukubuyisela ekuqondeni yonke imigqa yekhodi esebenza ekusetshenzisweni kwabo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi kukhona ama-pragmatist akhomba ukuthi izinhlaka zikhona ngoba izinhlelo zokusebenza zomhlaba wangempela zigcina zidinga lokho ezikunikezayo: izinsiza ezitholakalayo, ukwenziwa kwamanye amazwe, ukuhlukaniswa kwekhodi, ukunikezwa kohlangothi lweseva, kanye nepayipi lokuqasha lonjiniyela asebelazi ithuluzi. Baphikisa ngokuthi, uhlaka oluncane lungajabulisa iphrojekthi yangezimpelaviki, kodwa zama ukugibela ithimba labantu abahlanu baye ku-codebase yemigqa engu-1,000 ye-codebase engenazo izimpendulo zokuchichima kwesitaki futhi kungekho mibhalo esemthethweni.

Zombili izinhlangothi zinamaphuzu avumelekile, futhi iqiniso liwukuthi ukukhetha kungokomongo. Umsunguli oyedwa owakha i-MVP unezidingo ezihluke kakhulu kuneqembu lebhizinisi eligcina isicelo seminyaka emihlanu ubudala. Ingozi ilele ekusebenziseni izixazululo zebhizinisi ezinkingeni zokuqalisa, noma amathuluzi okuqalisa ezinseleleni zebhizinisi.

Lokho Okudingwa Amabhizinisi Anamuhla Empeleni Esitaki Sawo Sobuchwepheshe

Inkulumo-mpikiswano yohlaka ekugcineni ingummeleli wombuzo omkhulu: amabhizinisi kufanele azabe kanjani izinsiza zawo zobuchwepheshe ezinomkhawulo? Ihora ngalinye unjiniyela alichitha elungisa ipayipi lokwakha noma ethuthela enguqulweni yohlaka olusha ihora elingachithwanga izici zokwakha ezisiza amakhasimende. Emabhizinisini amaningi - ikakhulukazi amancane naphakathi nendawo - ukukhetha okuhle kobuchwepheshe yileso esinciphisa igebe phakathi kokuthi "Nginombono" kanye "namakhasimende ayisebenzisayo."

Isinqumo esingcono kakhulu sezobuchwepheshe ibhizinisi elikhulayo elingasithatha ukukhetha amathuluzi axazulula izinkinga zanamuhla ngaphandle kokudala umthwalo wokulungisa wakusasa. Noma ngabe lokho kusho uhlaka lwemigqa eyi-1,000 noma inkundla ephethwe ngokugcwele, umgomo uyefana: sebenzisa isikhathi sakho kulokho okwenza ibhizinisi lakho lihluke, hhayi engqalasizinda edingwa yilelo nalelo bhizinisi.

Lo mgomo udlulela ngale kwezinhlaka ezingaphambili. Amabhizinisi ajwayele ukwakha kabusha amasistimu angemuva afanayo - ukuqinisekiswa komsebenzisi, ukucubungula inkokhelo, i-CRM, ama-invoyisi, ukuhlela - ngoba isitaki sabo sobuchwepheshe esikhethiwe siyakufuna. Amapulatifomu afana ne-Mewayz akhona ngokunembile ukuze aqede lo msebenzi ophindaphindwayo, ahlinzeka ngamamojula angu-207 akhiwe kusengaphambili ahlanganisa yonke into kusukela ku-CRM nokukhokhelwa kuya kumasistimu okubhuka nezibalo. Ifilosofi efanayo eqhuba onjiniyela baye kuma-micro-frameworks - ukwenza okuningi ngokuncane, susa ubunkimbinkimbi obungadingekile - iqhubela amabhizinisi ekufinyeleleni ezinkundleni ezihlanganisiwe ezishintsha inqwaba yokubhaliselwe kwe-SaaS ngohlelo olulodwa.

I-Framework Spectrum: Ukuthola Indawo Yakho Emnandi

Kunokuphatha ukukhetha kohlaka njengokunambambili — i-mega-framework noma i-micro-framework — kusiza ukucabanga ngokuya nge-spectrum. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, une-vanilla JavaScript ene-zero abstractions. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, unezinhlaka ezigcwele ze-meta ezifana ne-Next.js noma i-Nuxt ephatha umzila, ukunikezela, ukulanda idatha, nokusebenzisa. Amaphrojekthi amaningi awendawo ethile phakathi.

Kusayithi lokumaketha elibheke ikhasimende elinezinto ezimbalwa ezisebenzisanayo, i-micro-framework noma i-Alpine.js-style reactivity inline ingase ilingane kahle. Kudeshibhodi eyinkimbinkimbi ye-SaaS enedatha yesikhathi sangempela, izimvume ezisekelwe endimeni, nosekelo olungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, uhlaka olukhulile olune-ecosystem ecebile lufaneleka kakhulu. Iphutha lishintsha libe yinketho enzima kakhulu ngoba idume kakhulu, noma ishintshashintsha ibe lula kakhulu ngoba iyonelisa kakhulu ngokobuhlakani.

Ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo kuqondile: bhala zonke izici ezidingwa uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezizayo. Uma i-micro-framework ihlanganisa u-90% walezo zidingo futhi ungakwazi ukugoqa ngesandla u-10% osele ngesikhathi esingaphansi ongasichitha ulungisa uhlaka olukhudlwana, uhlaka oluncane luyawina. Uma uhlu lwakho lwezici luhlanganisa ukunikezwa kohlangothi lweseva, ukuqinisekiswa kwefomu eliyinkimbinkimbi, i-orchestration yopopayi, nokusekelwa okujulile kokufinyeleleka, uhlaka olukhudlwana ngokunokwenzeka luyazikhokhela lona.

Izifundo Zabasunguli Abangebona Ubuchwepheshe Nabasebenzi Bebhizinisi

Uma uqhuba ibhizinisi futhi ithimba lakho lezobuchwepheshe lidingida izinhlaka, nakhu okubalulekile. Okokuqala, buza ngesikhathi sokufaka kuqala - unjiniyela omusha eqenjini angathumela ngokushesha kangakanani ushintsho olunengqondo? Uma impendulo ibandakanya izinsuku zokusethwa kwendawo nokufunda kohlaka, lolo wuphawu oluyisixwayiso kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiluphi uhlaka olukhethiwe. Okwesibili, buza mayelana nendlela yokuthuthukisa. Izinhlaka ezikhipha izinguquko eziphukayo njalo ezinyangeni eziyi-18 zibeka intela efihliwe engavamile ukuvela ekuhloleni kokuqala.

Okwesithathu, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, buza ukuthi ingabe udinga isofthiwe eyakhelwe ngokwezifiso nhlobo ngomsebenzi okukhulunywa ngawo. Amabhizinisi amaningi atshala izinyanga zesikhathi sikanjiniyela akha amathuluzi angaphakathi - amadeshibhodi, amasistimu e-CRM, ama-invoyisi agelezayo, izixhumanisi zokuhlela - osevele zikhona njengemikhiqizo ephucuziwe, enakekelwayo. Inkundla efana ne-Mewayz, esebenzela abasebenzisi abangaphezu kwe-138,000 ngamamojula ahlanganisa yonke imisebenzi yebhizinisi, ingaqeda isidingo sokuthuthukiswa ngokwezifiso ngokuphelele kwemisebenzi yebhizinisi ejwayelekile. Lokhu kukhulula ithimba lakho labathuthukisi ukuthi ligxile ezintweni eziyingqayizivele ngempela zomkhiqizo wakho — izici okungekho thuluzi elingaphandle kweshalofu elingazinikeza.

1. Hlola ikhodi yakho yangokwezifiso: Thola ukuthi imaphi amathuluzi angaphakathi ayimpinda yokusebenza etholakala ezinkundleni ezikhona
2. Bala izindleko zangempela: Isici asikona nje ekuthuthukisweni kokuqala kodwa ukugcinwa okuqhubekayo, iziqephu zokuphepha, nezicelo zesici
3. Hlola ukuhlanganiswa: Bala okubhaliselwe kwakho kwamanje kwe-SaaS bese uqhathanisa izindleko nengxenyekazi ehlanganisiwe
4. Vikela abahlukanisi bakho: Gcina izinsiza zokuthuthukisa ngokwezifiso ukuze uthole izici ezenza ibhizinisi lakho lihluke ngempela

Ikusasa Lingelezinqumo Ngenhloso

Injabulo ngohlaka lwe-SPA yolayini oyi-1,000 ayikona ngempela uhlaka ngokwalo. Imayelana nomnyakazo okhulayo ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware ukuya ekufezeni inhloso - ukukhetha amathuluzi ngoba ahambisana nenkinga, hhayi ngoba ebusa imakethe. I-ecosystem ye-JavaScript ichithe ishumi leminyaka elidlule emjahweni wezikhali wezici nezinto ezingaziwa. I-counter-movement, emelwe ama-micro-frameworks, i-HTML enikezwe iseva, kanye nama-API engxenyekazi, iwukulungiswa okubheke ku-pragmatism.

Kumabhizinisi, lolu shintsho luhle ngokusobala. Kusho izinketho eziningi, izindleko zokushintsha eziphansi, kanye nesiko lonjiniyela elibazisa ngokwandayo ubulula nesivinini ngaphezu kokuphelela kwethiyori. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungusomabhizinisi ozimele okhetha phakathi kwe-WordPress nesayithi elakhelwe ngokwezifiso, noma i-CTO ehlola ukuthi uyalakha noma uthenge ithuluzi lakho langaphakathi elilandelayo, umgomo ofanayo uyasebenza: ubuchwepheshe obungcono kakhulu yibo obunyamalala ngemuva, obukuvumela ukuthi ugxile ekukhonzeni amakhasimende akho.

Uhlaka lwemigqa engu-1,000 lusikhumbuza ukuthi amandla awadingi inkimbinkimbi. Amabhizinisi asebenza kahle kakhulu - kanye namathuluzi aphumelela kakhulu - yilawo enza lokho kanye okudingekayo futhi akukho okunye.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Iyini i-micro-framework efana ne-Vertex.js?

I-micro-framework iwumtapo omncane we-JavaScript odizayinelwe ukuphatha imisebenzi ewumongo yohlelo lokusebenza ngaphandle kwenqwaba yezixazululo ezinkulu. I-Vertex.js ifinyelela lokhu ngokunikeza ukusebenza okubalulekile kwe-SPA—njengomzila nokuphathwa kwezwe—emigqeni engaba ngu-1,000 yekhodi. Lokhu kuphambene nezinhlaka ezidinga amalabhulali ahlukene, asindayo kakhulu omzila noma wesifunda, okunciphisa ukuxaka okuphelele kanye nokuqunjelwa kwamaphrojekthi amancane.

Kungani onjiniyela besondela kumathuluzi alula?

Onjiniyela abaningi banomuzwa wokuthi ithuluzi lesimanje le-JavaScript seliyinkimbinkimbi ngokweqile kuphrojekthi emaphakathi. Izinhlaka ezisindayo zingathula izikhathi zokwakha ezihamba kancane, ijika lokufunda eliwumqansa, nezici ezingadingekile. Amathuluzi alula njenge-Vertex.js anikeza ulwazi lwentuthuko olusheshayo, oluqondakalayo ngokugxila ezinkingeni ezibalulekile uhlaka oludinga ukuzixazulula, ukuvumelanisa kangcono nezidingo zangempela zephrojekthi.

Ingabe i-Vertex.js ilungele uhlelo lokusebenza olukhulu, oluyinkimbinkimbi?

Vertex.js yakhelwe ngokuyinhloko amaphrojekthi amancane lapho ubulula nokuphezulu okuphansi kuyinhloko. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezinkulu kakhulu, eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinezingxenye eziningi ezisebenzisanayo, uhlaka olunothile ngesici olunodedangendlale lwe-ecosystem lungase lufaneleke kakhulu. Emaqenjini adinga amamojula abanzi akhiwe ngaphambilini, isevisi efana ne-Mewayz (enikeza amamojula angu-207 ngo-$19/mo) ingase inikeze i-UI edingekayo kanye nezingxenye zokusebenza ezingenakho uhlaka oluncane.

Ingabe ngisadinga ithuluzi lokwakha nge-Vertex.js?

Nakuba i-Vertex.js yona ilula, cishe usazosebenzisa ithuluzi lokwakha ukuze uthuthuke. Amathuluzi afana ne-Vite noma i-Parcel ayadingeka ukuze uhlanganise ikhodi yakho, uphathe ukuncika kwe-npm, futhi unike amandla izici zesimanje ze-JavaScript. Nokho, uchungechunge lwamathuluzi lulonke luhlala lulula kunalolo oludingwa izinhlaka ezinkulu, njengoba ugwema imitapo yolwazi eyinkimbinkimbi yokuphatha kanye nemizila.