Ukusebenzisa Ukuhlanganisa Okuzenzakalelayo NgamaThayela Ama-5 Kuphela

Ukufakwa kwamathayela okuzenzakalelayo kukuvumela ukuthi wakhe indawo eyinkimbinkimbi ye-2D, izindonga, nezindawo ngokukhetha ngokuzenzakalela ukwahluka kwethayela okulungile ngokusekelwe komakhelwane bakho — futhi udinga kuphela amathayela amahlanu abalulekile ukuze ukususe. Le nqubo iqeda ukubekwa kwamathayela okwenziwa ngesandla, isheshisa ngokumangazayo ukuklama kweleveli, futhi ikhiqize imiphumela engaguquki ngokubukeka ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wakha ipulatifomu yobuciko be-pixel, i-RPG ephezulu phansi, noma isiseshi se-dungeon esikhiqizwe ngokwenqubo, indlela yokufakwa kwamathayela okuzenzakalelayo yamathayela angu-5 ikunikeza imiphumela ebukekayo yobungcweti ngaphandle kokuphatha isethi yamathayela angama-47. Ngezansi, sichaza ukuthi isebenza kanjani, kungani ibalulekile, nokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani kumaphrojekthi akho.

Kuyini Ukuthayela Okuzenzakalelayo futhi Kungani Kubalulekile?

Ukuthayela okuzenzakalelayo kuyisistimu lapho injini yegeyimu noma umhleli ekhetha khona ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi iyiphi i-sprite ezoboniswa kuthayela ngalinye kugridi ngokusekelwe komakhelwane bayo abaseduze. Esikhundleni sokudweba mathupha ikhona ngalinye, unqenqema, nocezu lwangaphakathi, umthuthukisi umaka iseli ngokuthi "ligcwalisiwe" noma "alinalutho," futhi isithameli sethayela esizenzakalelayo siphatha okunye.

Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba ukubekwa kwethayela mathupha kungenye yezingxenye ezihamba kancane nezinephutha kakhulu zedizayini yeleveli ye-2D. Ithayela lekhona elilodwa elingaqondani kahle lingephula ukuvumelana okubonakalayo kuyo yonke imephu. Ukwenza amathayela okuzenzakalelayo kuqeda lokho kungqubuzana, okuvumela abaklami bagxile ekuhlelweni nasekudlaleni umdlalo kunezimonyo ezisezingeni le-pixel.

Isu laqalwa ezinjinini zokuqala ze-RPG Maker futhi isibe isici esijwayelekile kumathuluzi afana ne-Godot, isistimu ye-Unity's Rule Tile, kanye ne-Tiled Map Editor. Ukwamukelwa kwayo kukhule ngokuhambisana ne-boom yokuthuthukiswa kwegeyimu ye-indie, lapho amaqembu amancane adinga ukugeleza komsebenzi okuphumelelayo ukuze aqhudelane nezitudiyo ezinkulu.

Yimaphi Amathayela Ayisi-5 Owadinga Ngempela?

Indlela encane yokufaka amathayela okuzenzakalelayo yamathayela angu-5 isebenzisa izinhlobo zamathayela alandelayo, ngayinye iphethe ukulungiselelwa komakhelwane othile:

• Ithayela elimaphakathi — lizungezwe ngokugcwele kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ezine zekhadinali; esetshenziselwa izindawo zokugcwalisa ngaphakathi
• Ithayela lomphetho — livezwe ohlangothini olulodwa ncamashi; izungeziswe ngama-degree angu-90 ukuze ihlanganise imiphetho ephezulu, phansi, kwesokunxele, nakwesokudla
• Ithayela lekhona langaphandle — livezwe ezinhlangothini ezimbili ezincikene; izungeziswe ukuze igcwalise wonke amakhona amakhona
• Ithayela lekhona langaphakathi — lizungezwe kuzo zonke izinhlangothi zekhadinali kodwa lishoda umakhelwane oyidayagonali; kuzungeziswe kudiagonali ngayinye
• Ithayela elingalodwa — abekho omakhelwane abafanayo kunoma yiluphi uhlangothi; isetshenziselwa ukubekwa kweseli elilodwa elizimele

Ngokuzungezisa futhi upheqa lezi zinhlanu eziyisisekelo, uvala konke okungenzeka kube yi-4-bit ukulungiselelwa komakhelwane. Le ndlela ihlola izikhombisi-ndlela ezine eziyinhloko (phezulu, phansi, kwesokunxele, kwesokudla) ukuze kukhiqizwe inani le-bitmask elingu-4-bit elisukela ku-0 kuye ku-15, ikunikeza izifunda ezingaba ngu-16 — zonke ezixazululeka ngezimpahla zobuciko ezinhlanu kanye nokushintshashintsha kwelogiji elula.

Isebenza Kanjani I-Bitmask Algorithm?

Indlela ye-bitmask inikeza inani kanambambili kumakhelwane ngamunye oyikhadinali. Umhlangano ovamile uthi: INyakatho = 1, IMpumalanga = 2, INingizimu = 4, INtshonalanga = 8. Uma iseli elingumakhelwane ligcwaliswa, inani lalo liyengezwa ku-bitmask yethayela lamanje. Inombolo ewumphumela ephakathi kuka-0 no-15 wamamephu ngokuqondile ohlotsheni oluthile lwethayela nokuzungezisa.

Isibonelo, ithayela elinomakhelwane abagcwele eNyakatho naseMpumalanga likhiqiza imaski engu-3 (1 + 2), ehambisana nethayela elikhona elingaphandle elizungeziswe endaweni ephezulu kwesokudla. I-bitmask yamamephu angu-15 (agcwaliswe zonke izinhlangothi) eya kuthayela eliphakathi nendawo ngaphandle kokuzungezisa okudingekayo.

Imininingwane eyinhloko: Amandla okuthayela okuzenzakalelayo kwamathayela angu-5 asekwazini ukuthi ukuzungezisa kumahhala. I-single edge sprite izungeziswe ngezindlela ezine ithatha indawo yezimpahla ezine ezihlukile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umugqa wakho wobuciko uyancipha ngaphezu kuka-80% uma uqhathaniswa nesethi ye-tileset ephelele, kuyilapho ingqondo yakho yesikhathi sokusebenza ihlala ilula — ithebula lokubheka elinokufakwa okungu-16 kanye nenani lokuzungezisa yikho konke okudingayo.

Ukusetshenziswa kukhodi kuqondile. Esibuyekezweni ngasinye sethayela, bala kabusha i-bitmask yeseli ethintekile kanye nomakhelwane bayo abaseduze, bheka uhlobo lwethayela elihambisanayo nokuzungezisa kuthebula lakho lemephu, bese unikeza i-sprite. Izinjini eziningi ziphatha lokhu ngaphansi kwemigqa eyi-10 ye-core logic.

Kufanele Uthuthukise Nini Ngalé KwamaThayela Angu-5?

Indlela yamathayela angu-5 isebenza kahle kakhulu endaweni elula njengokuguquka kotshani kuya kukungcola, izakhiwo zodonga eziyisisekelo, kanye nedizayini yezinga le-prototype. Nokho, inokulinganiselwa. Ngenxa yokuthi ihlola omakhelwane abakhulu kuphela, ama-diagonal seams angavela lapho kuhlangana khona amakhona amabili angaphandle, okwenza i-artifact ebonakalayo ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi "inkinga ye-checkerboard."

Uma isitayela sakho sobuciko sifuna ukushintshwa kwe-diagonal okungenamthungo, uzodinga ukuthuthukela ku-tileset ye-blob yamathayela angu-47 egcwele, ehlola bonke omakhelwane abayisishiyagalombili (i-cardinal plus diagonal) futhi isebenzise i-bitmask eyinkimbinkimbi. Abanye onjiniyela bathatha indlela emaphakathi nesethi yamathayela angu-15 noma angu-20 ebhekana nezimo zediagonal ezibonakala kakhulu ngaphandle kobunzima obugcwele bendlela ye-blob.

Kumaphrojekthi amaningi e-indie, ama-prototypes, nokufakiwe kwegeyimu, indlela yamathayela angu-5 ifinyelela indawo emnandi phakathi kwekhwalithi yokubuka nesivinini sokukhiqiza. Ungahlala uthuthukisa amasethi ethayela athile kamuva njengoba isiqondiso sobuciko bephrojekthi yakho sikhula.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ingabe ukufaka amathayela okuzenzakalelayo ngamathayili angu-5 kungasebenza kumagridi e-isometric noma anezinhlangothi ezine?

Indlela ye-4-bit cardinal bitmask yakhelwe amagridi ayisikwele. Amagridi e-Isometric asebenzisa isakhiwo esiyisikwele esimile angavumelanisa indlela yokusebenza nama-offset angomakhelwane ashintshiwe. Amagridi angama-hexagonal adinga i-bitmask engu-6-bit kanye nenani elincane eliphansi lesibalo sethayela - ngokuvamile amathayela angu-7 kuya kwangu-10 - ngenxa yokusondelana kwezinhlangothi eziyisithupha. Umgomo oyisisekelo uhlala unjalo; isibalo sikamakhelwane kuphela nama-engeli aphendukayo ashintshayo.

Ingabe ukufaka amathayela okuzenzakalelayo kunomthelela ekusebenzeni komdlalo ngesikhathi sokusebenza?

Cha. Isibalo se-bitmask siyisamba sezengezo zenani eliphelele kanye nokubheka ithebula ngethayela ngalinye, elingenamsebenzi ngisho nakuzingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezisezingeni eliphansi. Ukubalwa kwamathayili ngokuvamile kwenzeka kuphela lapho ithayela libekwe noma likhishwa, hhayi lonke uhlaka. Kumamephu akhiqizwe ngokwenqubo, yonke igridi ingacutshungulwa ngama-millisecond. I-sprite rotation iphathwa injini enikezelayo ngezindleko ezingeziwe zokudonsa ucingo njengoba iphinda isebenzisa ukuthungwa okufanayo.

Iziphi izinjini zegeyimu ezinosekelo olwakhelwe ngaphakathi lokuthayela okuzenzakalelayo kwamathayela angu-5?

I-Godot Engine inikeza ukufakwa kwamathayela okuzenzakalelayo kwe-TileMap ngezindlela ezilungisekayo ze-bitmask, okuhlanganisa ukusethwa kwethayela elincane. I-Unity isekela ukufaka amathayela okuzenzakalelayo nge-Rule Rule Override Tile izingxenye zephakheji le-2D Tilemap Extras. I-Tiled Map Editor, ithuluzi elidumile elizimele, lisekela amabhulashi ezindawo asebenza ngendlela efanayo. Ezinjinini zangokwezifiso, ukusebenzisa ingqondo ye-bitmask kusukela ekuqaleni ngokuvamile kuthatha isikhathi esingaphansi kwehora uma kubhekwa ubulula be-algorithm.

Lungisa ukuhamba komsebenzi wakho wokuthuthukisa

Izindlela ezisebenzayo ezifana nokufaka amathayela okuzenzakalelayo wamathayela angu-5 afakazela ukuthi amasistimu ahlakaniphile ahlula umzamo we-brute-force njalo. Umgomo ofanayo uyasebenza ekuqhubeni ibhizinisi lakho. Uma uphethe amaphrojekthi, amaqembu, amaklayenti, noma imisebenzi kuwo wonke amathuluzi anqanyuliwe, wenza okulingana nokubeka ngesandla wonke amathayela kumephu enkulu. Mewayz iletha amamojula ahlanganisiwe angaphezu kuka-207 ku-OS yebhizinisi elilodwa — ikunikeza ukuzenzela, ukucaca, nesivinini sokugxila kulokho okubalulekile ngempela. Qala ukwakha ngobuchule ku-app.mewayz.com.