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Ungakwazi Yini Ukubuyisela Ubuchopho Bakho? Isayensi Engemuva Kwe-Neuroplasticity kanye nokuthi Isetshenziswa Kanjani

Yebo, ungakwazi ukuxhuma kabusha ingqondo yakho — futhi isayensi ikufakazele lokho. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esibizwa nge-neuroplasticity, ubuchopho bakho buqhubeka bukha ukuxhumana okusha kwemizwa futhi buthaka okudala ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho, imikhuba, kanye nokwenza ngamabomu kuyo yonke impilo yakho.

Emashumini eminyaka, ososayensi babekholelwa ukuthi ingqondo yomuntu omdala yayizinzile ngemva kokukhula kwengane. Lowo mcabango usuqedwe ngokuphelele. Isayensi yezinzwa yesimanje iqinisekisa ukuthi yonke iphethini yokucabanga, ikhono, nokuziphatha okuphindayo ngokomzimba kubumba kabusha ukwakheka kobuchopho bakho. Lokhu kunomthelela omkhulu hhayi ekukhuleni komuntu siqu kuphela kodwa nasendleleni oqhuba ngayo ibhizinisi lakho, ukuphatha iqembu lakho, nendlela obhekana ngayo nokukhiqiza kwansuku zonke.

Kusho Ukuthini Kahle Ukuhlanganisa Ubuchopho Bakho Kabusha?

Ukulungisa kabusha ubuchopho kubhekisela kunqubo ye-neuroplasticity — amandla obuchopho bakho ukuzihlela kabusha ngokwenza izindlela ezintsha zemizwa nokuthena ezingasetshenzisiwe. Uma uzijwayeza ngokuphindaphindiwe indlela entsha yokuziphatha noma iphethini yokucabanga, ama-neuron afaka umlilo ndawonye kaningi. Njengoba isazi sezinzwa u-Donald Hebb afingqa ngokudumile: ama-neurons aqhuma ndawonye, axhumeke ndawonye.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho ukhetha impendulo entsha ekucindezelekeni, ufunda ukugeleza komsebenzi okusha, noma ugqashula umkhuba ongekhiqizi, ushintsha ngokoqobo ukwakheka komzimba kobuchopho bakho. I-myelin sheath ezungeze imizila yemizwa esetshenziswa njalo iyajiya, yenze lezo zimpawu zisheshe futhi zizenzekele kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokuphambene, izindlela oyeka ukuzisebenzisa ziba buthaka futhi zincibilike.

Lokhu akukona okungokomfanekiso. Izifundo zokuthwebula izithombe zobuchopho kusetshenziswa izikena ze-fMRI ne-PET zibhale izinguquko ezilinganisekayo zesakhiwo kubahlanganyeli abasebenzisa ukuzindla, abafunda izilimi ezintsha, noma abamukela amakhono amasha ochwepheshe esikhathini esifushane esingamaviki ayisishiyagalombili.

Kuthatha Isikhathi Esingakanani Empeleni Ukuhlanganisa Ubuchopho Bakho?

Umugqa wesikhathi uyahlukahluka kuye ngobunkimbinkimbi boshintsho kanye nokuvumelana kokwenza kwakho. Ucwaningo oluvela e-University College London luthole ukuthi ukwenza umkhuba omusha ozenzakalelayo kuthatha isilinganiso sezinsuku ezingu-66 - hhayi izinsuku ezivame ukucashunwa ezingu-21, ezingenakho ukwesekwa kwesayensi.

Kodwa-ke, izinguquko ze-neural ziqala cishe ngokushesha. Ucwaningo lwango-2004 olushicilelwe kuNature lubonise izinguquko zobuchopho ezilinganisekayo kubahlanganyeli ngemva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu nje zokuzijwayeza umsebenzi wemoto olula. Izinto ezibalulekile ezinomthelela ekutheni ukuhlanganisa kabusha okwenzeka ngokushesha kanjani zifaka:

• Ukuphindaphinda nokuvumelana: Ukuzijwayeza kwansuku zonke kuqinisa izindlela ze-neural ngempumelelo kakhulu kunomzamo ongavamile. Ngisho nemizuzu engu-15 yokugxila, ukuzijwayeza ngamabomu usuku ngalunye kudlula izikhathi zezikhathi zebanga elide.
• Ukuqina kwemizwelo: Izipiliyoni eziboshelwe emizweni enamandla — kungaba kuhle noma kubi — kudala ukuxhumana okuqinile nokusheshayo kwemizwa. Yingakho izikhathi eziphezulu zemizwa ziba izinkumbulo ezigxilile.
• Ukulala nokululama: Ubuchopho bakho buhlanganisa izindlela ezintsha zemizwa phakathi nokulala okujulile. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu abalala ngokwanele ngemva kokufunda bagcina ulwazi namakhono kangcono kakhulu kunabantu abangalali ngokwanele.
• Ukuqinisa imvelo: Ukuzizungeza ngezimpawu, amathuluzi, namasistimu asekela ukuziphatha kwakho okusha kusheshisa inqubo yokuhlanganisa kabusha izintambo. Ukususa ukungqubuzana ekuziphatheni okufunayo kwenza ingqondo ikuthathe ngokushesha.
• Ukunakwa okugxilile: I-Neuroplasticity ikhuliswa kakhulu uma ukhona ngokugcwele futhi unake ngesikhathi sokuzilolonga. Ukuphindaphinda okuphazamisekile noma okwenziwayo kukhiqiza izinguquko zemizwa ezibuthakathaka kakhulu.

Imininingwane esemqoka: Awukhuphuki ezingeni lemigomo yakho — wehlela ezingeni lamasistimu akho. Ukuhlanganisa kabusha ubuchopho akuphathelene namandla noma ugqozi. Imayelana nokuklama amasistimu aphindaphindekayo enza izindlela ezintsha ze-neural zibe indlela yokumelana okuncane ekuhambeni kwakho komsebenzi kwansuku zonke.

Iziphi Izindlela Eziphumelela Kakhulu Zokuxhuma Kabusha Ubuchopho Bakho?

Izindlela ezimbalwa ezisekelwe ebufakazini zibonisiwe ukuze zikhiqize izinguquko ezilinganisekayo ze-neuroplastic. I-Cognitive Behavioral therapy (CBT) isalokhu ingenye yezindlela ezibhalwe kahle kakhulu, ngocwaningo lwe-imaging yobuchopho olubonisa ukuthi i-CBT iguqula ngokomzimba umsebenzi ku-prefrontal cortex kanye ne-amygdala ngemva kokuzijwayeza okungaguquki.

Ukuzindla kwengqondo nakho kufundwe kakhulu. Ucwaningo oluvela e-Harvard Medical School luthole ukuthi amasonto ayisishiyagalombili okuzilolonga akhuphula ukuminyana kwezinto ezimpunga ezindaweni zobuchopho ezihlobene nokufunda, inkumbulo, nokulawulwa kwemizwelo kuyilapho kuncipha ukuminyana ku-amygdala, elawula ingcindezi nezimpendulo zokukhathazeka.

Ngaphandle kwezinqubo zokwelapha ezisemthethweni, ukuklama kwemikhuba ngamabomu kungenye yamathuluzi asebenzayo atholakalayo. Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlonza iluphu yokuziphatha ethile - i-cue, isimiso, umvuzo - obusa umkhuba okhona kanye nokushintsha indlela ehlelekile kuyilapho ugcina inkomba nomvuzo unjalo. Uma kuhlanganiswa namasistimu ahlelekile alandelela futhi aqinise ukuziphatha okusha, ukuklama imikhuba kuba yimpumelelo ngokuphawulekayo.

Kubanikazi bamabhizinisi nezingcweti, lokhu kuhumusha ngokuqondile ekusebenzeni kahle kakhulu. Ukugeleza komsebenzi uphinda umumo wansuku zonke ukuthi ubuchopho bakho buzicubungula kanjani izinqumo, bulawula ingcindezi, futhi bubeka phambili imisebenzi. Izinhlelo ezingahlelekile ziqinisa ukucabanga okuhlakazekile. Amasistimu amisiwe aqinisa ukucaca nokugxila.

Kusebenza Kanjani Ukuhlanganisa Ubuchopho Kabusha Ebhizinisini Nokukhiqiza?

Ezamabhizinisi nokuphathwa kwebhizinisi kuwukuzivivinya ku-neuroplasticity. Yonke inqubo oyihlelayo, konke ukugeleza komsebenzi okwenzayo ngokuzenzakalelayo, nayo yonke inqubo evamile oyisebenzisayo inciphisa umthwalo wokuqonda futhi ikhulule ingqondo yakho ukuthi igxile ekucabangeni kwamasu okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Ucwaningo mayelana nokukhathala kwesinqumo — olushicilelwe kuProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences — lubonisa ukuthi ikhwalithi yezinqumo iyehla kakhulu njengoba inani lezinqumo likhula usuku lonke. Abanikazi bamabhizinisi abathembele enkumbulweni nasezinqubweni zesikhangiso baphoqelela ubuchopho babo ekwenzeni izinqumo ezisezingeni eliphansi njalo, okushiya umthamo omncane womsebenzi wokudala nowesu othuthukisa ukukhula.

Lapha yilapho kanye amasistimu okusebenza eba ithuluzi le-neuroplasticity. Lapho uhlanganisa abaphathi beklayenti lakho, ukulandelela iphrojekthi, ama-invoyisi, ukuhlela, nokuxhumana kweqembu endaweni eyodwa ehlelekile, awuhleli nje ibhizinisi lakho - uqeqesha ubuchopho bakho ukuthi busebenze ngokucacile okukhulu nokuncipha kwengcindezi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lawa maphethini ahleliwe aba izindlela zakho zemizwa ezizenzakalelayo, okwenza ukusebenza kahle kuzwakale kungenamsebenzi kunokuphoqwa.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ungakwazi yini ukuxhuma kabusha ingqondo yakho kunoma iyiphi iminyaka?

Yebo. Nakuba i-neuroplasticity iphakeme kakhulu ngesikhathi sobuntwana kanye nobusha, ucwaningo luqinisekisa ukuthi ubuchopho obudala bugcina umthamo obalulekile wokuhlanganisa kabusha impilo yonke. Ucwaningo oluyingqophamlando kubashayeli bamatekisi base-London lubonise ukukhula kwe-hippocampal okulinganisekayo kubantu abadala abachithe iminyaka befunda imizila eyinkimbinkimbi yokuzulazula. Inqubo ingase ihambe kancane eminyakeni ezayo, kodwa ayilokothi ime ngokuphelele. Ukuzijwayeza okungaguquki nezinselele zamanoveli yizici ezibaluleke kakhulu ngokunganaki iminyaka yobudala.

Ingabe ukuhlanganisa ubuchopho kabusha kuyafana nokugqashula umkhuba omubi?

Ukweqa umkhuba omubi kuwuhlelo lokusebenza olulodwa lokuhlanganisa kabusha ubuchopho, kodwa umqondo ubanzi kakhulu. I-Neuroplasticity ihlanganisa ukufunda amakhono amasha, ukushintsha ukusabela kwemizwelo, ukululama ekulimaleni kwengqondo, nokwakha amaphethini amasha ngokuphelele okuqonda. Uma wephula umkhuba, wenza buthaka isethi eyodwa yezindlela zemizwa ngenkathi uqinisa enye isethi. Indlela ephumelela kakhulu ayikona nje ukuzama ukumisa ukuziphatha kodwa ngokusebenzayo esikhundleni sayo ufake entsha enikeza isidingo esifanayo esiyisisekelo.

Yimaphi amathuluzi noma amasistimu angasiza ngokuhlanganisa ubuchopho kabusha kubanikazi bamabhizinisi?

Amathuluzi asebenza kahle kakhulu anciphisa ukungqubuzana kwengqondo futhi enze izinqumo eziphindaphindayo. Isistimu yokusebenza yebhizinisi ephelele ehlanganisa ukugeleza komsebenzi wakho - kusukela ekuxhumaneni kwamakhasimende nokuphathwa kwephrojekthi kuya ekulandeleleni izimali kanye nokuxhumana kweqembu - iqeda ukuthathwa kwezinqumo okuhlakazekile okuqeda amandla engqondo. Uma izinqubo zakho zokusebenza zihlelwa, ubuchopho bakho bungakha izindlela ezizenzakalelayo ezisebenzayo zokuphatha ibhizinisi, kukhulule izinsiza zokucabanga zokucabanga okugxile ekukhuleni kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga.

Usulungele ukwakha amasistimu abuyisela ubuchopho bakho ukuze kucacelwe ibhizinisi? Qala isilingo sakho samahhala e-Mewayz futhi uhlanganise lonke ukusebenza kwebhizinisi lakho libe yinkundla eyodwa eklanyelwe ukunciphisa umthwalo wengqondo futhi ikusize usebenze ngokusemandleni akho — ngamamojula ahlanganisiwe angu-207 akhelwe ukuthi ubuchopho bakho busebenza kanjani ngempela.

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