Ikhamera ethwebula izithombe kutheyiphu yekhasethi

Ikhamera ethwebula izithombe kutheyiphu yekhasethi iyithuluzi le-niche lokuthwebula le-analog elirekhoda izithombe ezimile noma amafreyimu evidiyo kuthephu kazibuthe egcinwe ngefomethi yekhasethi evamile, ehlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bomsindo besikhathi eside nokuthwebula izithombe. Le ndlela yokuthatha izithombe egqugquzelwe kabusha ihlangabezane nemvuselelo yokudala ekhangayo, eheha amaciko, abaqoqi, nabahloli bezobuchwepheshe abalangazelela izinto ezithintekayo, ze-lo-fi zobuhle emhlabeni okhulayo wedijithali.

Ingabe Isebenza Kanjani Ikhamera Ethwebula Izithombe Ku-Cassette Tape Empeleni?

Enkabeni yayo, ikhamera yesithombe esekwe kwikhasethi isebenzisa ikhanda elirekhodiwe likazibuthe - elifana nalawo atholakala kuzidlali zekhasethi ezilalelwayo - ukufaka ikhodi yesithombe ku-iron oxide noma i-chromium dioxide enamathela kwiteyipu. Kunokuba kube ama-emulsions amakhemikhali asetshenziswa ekuthwebuleni kwefilimu yendabuko, itheyiphu igcina amasiginali kazibuthe alandelanayo ahambisana nemigqa yolwazi olubonakalayo, njengobuchwepheshe bokuqopha ividiyo basekuqaleni. Amanye amadivayisi asebenzisa indlela yesigubhu ezungezayo ukukhulisa ukuminyana kwedatha, kuyilapho ukwakheka okulula kwe-DIY kudlula itheyipu ngokulandelana kudlule uhlu lwekhanda olungaguquki.

Ukulungiswa kunqunyelwe ngamabomu, ngokuvamile kukhiqiza izithombe ezisanhlamvu, ezigcwele i-artifact ezopha ngemibala nomsindo wesignali. Lokhu akulona iphutha - kuyiphuzu lonke. Okukhiphayo kwe-lo-fi kunolimi olubonakalayo oluhlukile izihlungi zedijithali ezingalilinganisela kodwa zingaphinde ziphindaphindeke ngempela, ngenxa yokuthi ukungapheleli kuphuma ku-real electromagnetic physics esikhundleni sokulingiswa kwe-algorithmic.

"Ikhamera yekhasethi yekhasethi ayiqhudelani nobuchwepheshe besimanje bokuthwebula izithombe - ikhona endaweni ehluke ngokuphelele yenkulumo yokudala, lapho okuphakathi kuba umlayezo."

Iziphi Izindlela Eziyinhloko Ezingemuva Kwekhasethi Lesithombe Sekhasethi?

Ukuqonda izingxenye zobuchwepheshe kusiza ukufihla ukuthi kungani lawa madivayisi akhiqiza ubuhle besiginesha yawo. Izakhi eziyinhloko zemishini ne-elekthronikhi zihlanganisa:

• Ikhanda lokuqopha likaMagnetic: Iguqula amasignali okukhanya kwe-analog (nge-CCD noma amalungu afanayo e-photodiode) abe yizinkambu kazibuthe ezishintshayo eziphrintwe endaweni yetheyiphu ngesikhathi sokuchayeka.
• I-tape transport motor: Ilawula isivinini lapho itheyiphu ihamba khona ekhanda lokurekhoda — isivinini esinensayo sikhiqiza ukuchayeka okude nomsindo owandayo; isivinini esisheshayo sikhipha izithombe ezishubile kodwa ezimfishane.
• Ukuhlanganisa amalensi nokuvuleka: Igxila ekukhanyeni okungenayo kurowu yenzwa noma ye-photodiode, enezikhala ezibanzi ezethula ukuqhakaza okwengeziwe kanye ne-halation ekugxilweni kukazibuthe kokugcina.
• Isekhethi yokudlala: Ifunda emuva amasignali kazibuthe arekhodiwe futhi iwaguqulele kokuphumayo okubonakalayo, okuvamise ukuboniswa esikrinini esincane se-CRT noma okukhiphayo ngevidiyo eyinhlanganisela kuya kusiqaphi sikamabonakude.
• I-oscillator ye-Bias: Isignali yangaphakathi yemvamisa ephezulu ebeka itheyipu ukuze uthole ukuphrinta kazibuthe okunembile, okunomthelela ngokuqondile ububanzi bethoni kanye nokugqama esithombeni esithwetshiwe.

Ingxenye ngayinye isebenzisana ngezindlela ezethula ukungaqageleki, okwenza zonke izithombe zekhasethi zekhasethi zihluke ngempela - isici leso izithombe zedijithali, naphezu kokunemba kwakho okungavamile, okungenakukwazi ukusinikeza ngokwemvelo.

Ingabe Isithombe Sekhasethi Yekhasethi Siqhathaniswa Kanjani Nezinye Izindlela Zokucabanga Nge-analogi?

Ukuthwebula kwetheyiphu yekhasethi kuthatha indawo emaphakathi ethokozisayo phakathi kokuthwebula izithombe zefilimu kanye nobuchwepheshe bevidiyo bokuqala. Ifilimu yosiko ye-silver-halide ithwebula izithombe ngokusabela kwe-photochemical, iletha okusanhlamvu okuhle nobubanzi obuguqukayo obubanzi kodwa edinga ukuthuthukiswa kwegumbi elimnyama. I-Polaroid nefomethi esheshayo ukulungiswa kokunikela ngokushesha. Amakhamera we-video tape camera — izihlobo eziseduze kakhulu — aklanyelwe ukunyakaza esikhundleni sokuthwebula, okuyilapho kanye amakhamera ezithombe zekhasethi ehlukana khona abe indawo yokuhlola.

Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-lomography noma ukuthwebula kwekhamera yethoyizi, indlela yekhasethi yethula ama-artifact esikhashana: itheyiphu inganwebeka, ugoqo uzibuthe ungehlisa isithunzi, futhi okuqukethwe okurekhodiwe ngaphambilini kungaphuma igazi kuye ezithombeni ezintsha, kudala ukuchayeka okuphindwe kabili okuyisipoki ngaphandle komzamo wamabomu. Le khwalithi emangazayo — izithombe ezintsha ezihlaselwe ukurekhodwa kwangaphambilini — inikeza ukuthwebula kwekhasethi umuntu ojulile, ikhwalithi egcwele inkumbulo ezwakala kakhulu emibuthanweni yezithombe zobuciko zesimanje.

Iziphi Izicelo Zomhlaba Wangempela kanye Nezimo Zokusebenzisa Zokudala Ezikhona Kulobu buchwepheshe?

Ngaphezu kokungacaci kwayo, amakhamera wekhasethi athole amakhaya anenjongo kuzimo ezimbalwa zokudala nezomsebenzi. Abathwebuli bezithombe abanobuciko bawasebenzisela ukukhiqiza amaphrinti e-edishini ekhawulelwe anezici ezihlukile cishe - azikho izithombe zamakhasethi amakhasethi ezifanayo, ngisho noma zithwebula isigcawu esifanayo ngokulandelana. Abaculi nabaculi bama-albhamu bathumela izithombe zekhamera yekhasethi ukuze zikhishwe ngokomzimba, okuqinisa ukuthinteka, ubunikazi be-analogi be-vinyl kanye nemidiya yamakhasethi.

Abenzi bamafilimu abadokhumentari nezintatheli abasebenza emiphakathini yokuvuselela i-analogi basebenzisa izithombe zekhasethi ukuze banikeze ukufana okubonakalayo nesihloko sabo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, othisha abafundisa i-archeology yemidiya - isifundo sobuchwepheshe obuphelelwe yisikhathi nobukhohliwe - basebenzisa amakhamera wekhasethi njengamathuluzi okusebenza okuqonda umlando wokuqoshwa kazibuthe. Imiphakathi ye-elekthronikhi ye-DIY ezinkundleni ezifana ne-Hackaday kanye ne-Instructables ishicilele imihlahlandlela yokwakha yekhamera yomthombo ovulekile, okwenza ubuchwepheshe bufinyeleleke kunoma ubani onamakhono ayisisekelo wokudambisa kanye neyunithi yokunikela ye-Walkman ye-vintage.

Busitshelani Ubufakazi Bokusebenza Ngevelu Lokudala Lokuthwebula kwe-Lo-Fi?

Ucwaningo lwe-analog aesthetics kanye nokubona komuntu kubonisa ngokungaguquki ukuthi ukungapheleli kukhulisa ukubandakanyeka kwemizwa ngemidiya ebonakalayo. Ucwaningo kusayikholoji yokuhlola lubonise ukuthi izithombe ezinomsindo obonakalayo, okusanhlamvu, noma ama-artifact anombala zibonwa njengeziyiqiniso kakhulu futhi ezithinta imizwa kunezithombe zedijithali eziphelele ngokobuchwepheshe. Lo mphumela - ngezinye izikhathi obizwa ngokuthi "isiphithiphithi esihle" - usiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani amafomethi e-lo-fi afana nokuthatha izithombe zekhasethi, amakhamera alahlwayo, nefilimu ephelelwe yisikhathi eqhubeka nokukhula ngokuduma naphezu (noma ngenxa) yokuba khona kwezithombe ze-smartphone.

Kuzingcweti zobuciko nemikhiqizo, lokhu kumelela ukucatshangelwa kwesu okubalulekile. Endaweni ebonwayo egcwele okuqukethwe okupholishwe ngokweqile, izithombe ze-lo-fi zangamabomu zikhuluma ubuqiniso, ubuciko, nobuntu ngezindlela ezithinta ngokujulile izethameli ezikhathazwe ukuphelela kwedijithali.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ingabe ungakwazi ngempela ukuthenga ikhamera erekhoda izithombe kumakhasethi namuhla?

Akekho umkhiqizi ovamile okwamanje okhiqiza amakhamera ezithombe zekhasethi ukuze ahwebe. Kodwa-ke, i-ecosystem encane yabakhi be-DIY, amaciko-onjiniyela, nezitolo zobuchwepheshe be-retro zinikeza amayunithi enziwe ngezandla noma ashintshiwe, ngokuvamile aguqulwa kusukela kuzingxenyekazi zehadiwe ze-Sony noma i-Panasonic Walkman zakudala. Imiphakathi eku-inthanethi ezinikele ekuvuselelweni kwe-analogi ivamise ukwabelana ngeziqondiso zokwakha, izinhlu zezingxenye, namadivayisi aphelile atholakalayo ukuze athengwe noma ahwetshwe.

Iluphi uhlobo lwekhasethi lekhasethi elisebenza kangcono ekuthwebuleni izithombe?

Amakhasethi ekhasethi ohlobo lwe-II olucheme kakhulu (ukwakheka kwe-CrO₂) ngokuvamile akhiqiza imiphumela engcono kakhulu ngenxa yokuphoqelela kwawo okuphezulu, okuvumela ukuphrinta kazibuthe okunembe kakhudlwana nokugcinwa okungcono kwemininingwane yesiginali ecolekile. Sesikushilo lokho, abaningi abathanda amakhamera wekhasethi basebenzisa ngamabomu amateyipu abonakele noma asulwe kancane ukwethula izithombe eziyizipoki nezinto zobuciko, baphathe ukungapheleli kwekhasethi njengento ewumongo yokudala kunenkinga yobuchwepheshe okufanele bayixazulule.

Uzibuka noma wabelane kanjani ngezithombe ezithathwe ekhasethini lekhasethi?

Izithombe ezirekhodwe kukhasethi ngokuvamile zidlalwa ngokuphuma kwevidiyo eyinhlanganisela exhunywe kumabonakude we-CRT noma ikhadi lokuthwebula ividiyo. Abathwebuli bezithombe abaningi babe seberekhoda isikrini se-CRT ngekhamera yedijithali ukuze kugcinwe ukukhanya kwe-phosphor nokuthungwa komugqa wokuskena njengengxenye yesithombe sokugcina. Ezinye izakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe zihlanganisa amasekhethi e-onboard digitization aguqula isignali kazibuthe ibe ifayela le-JPEG noma le-RAW, nakuba abahlanza ngokuvamile babheka le ndlela ngokuphambene nomoya wefomethi.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyingcweti ehlakaniphile ehlola ubuhle be-analog, ibhizinisi elakha ukuhlonza okubonakalayo, noma usomabhizinisi olawula ukugeleza komsebenzi okuyinkimbinkimbi, ukuba nenkundla efanele ngemuva komsebenzi wakho kwenza umehluko. I-Mewayz inika abasebenzisi abangaphezu kuka-138,000 ukufinyelela kusistimu yokusebenza yebhizinisi engamamojuli angu-207 — ehlanganisa yonke into kusukela ekudalweni kokuqukethwe nokumaketha kuya ekuphathweni kwamakhasimende nokuhlaziya — kuqala ku-$19/ngenyanga. Yeka ukuxova amathuluzi anqanyuliwe bese uqala ukusebenza ngokucacile.

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