Umhlahlandlela Osebenzayo Wokubheka Isibhakabhaka Ebusuku Ngesibhakabhaka Sangempela Nezisetshenziswa Zangempela

Ukubuka isibhakabhaka ebusuku kungomunye wemisebenzi emidala kakhulu nezuzisa kakhulu yomuntu, futhi ngolwazi olufanele namathuluzi, noma ubani angasuka kumuntu ojwayele ukubuka izinkanyezi aye kusazi sezinkanyezi esizethembayo. Lo mhlahlandlela unqamula umsindo ukuze ukunikeze izeluleko ezisebenzayo, ezihloliwe zezimo zangempela zokuqaphela - hhayi izimo ezifanele zelebhu - usebenzisa amathuluzi ongawakhokhela futhi uwasebenzise.

Yini Okufanele Ukwazi Ngaphambi Kokuphumela Ngaphandle?

Ngaphambi kokuthi ukhiphe isibonakude noma ipheya yesibonakude, ukulungiselela kuhlukanisa ubusuku obukhungathekisayo kulobo obushintshayo. I-Astronomy iklomelisa abahlelekile. Udinga ukuqonda izinto ezintathu eziyisisekelo: izimo zesibhakabhaka sakho sasendaweni, iwindi lakho lokubuka, namandla emvelo wamehlo akho.

Ukungcoliswa kokukhanya yisitha esisodwa esikhulu somhloli wezinkanyezi wesimanje. Sebenzisa imephu yokungcolisa ukukhanya (efana ne-Light Pollution Map noma i-Globe at Night) ukuze uqonde isilinganiso sakho se-Bortle Scale — isikali samaphoyinti angu-9 lapho u-1 eyisibhakabhaka esimsulwa esimnyama futhi u-9 kuwukukhanya kwangaphakathi kwedolobha. Iningi lezibukeli ezingaphansi kwedolobha lihlala e-Bortle 5-7, esavumela ukubonwa kwenyanga okubabazekayo, imininingwane yeplanethi, nezinto ezikhanyayo ezijulile njenge-Orion Nebula noma i-Andromeda Galaxy.

Ukuzijwayeza okumnyama kuthatha imizuzu engu-20–30. Amehlo akho asebenzisa amaseli e-rod ukuze abone ukukhanya okuphansi, futhi nokubaneka okufushane kokukhanya okumhlophe kusetha kabusha inqubo. Sebenzisa ithoshi elibomvu ukuze uthole amashadi namanothi. Lo mkhuba owodwa uwodwa uthuthukisa kakhulu okubonayo.

"Itheleskopu ehamba phambili emhlabeni ayikwazi ukunxephezela ukulungiselela okubi. Yazi isibhakabhaka sakho, yazi amathuluzi akho, futhi yazi imikhawulo yakho - bese uwaphusha ngendlela ehlelekile, iseshini eyodwa ngesikhathi."

Imaphi Amathuluzi Abalulekile Kwabaqalayo Nababukeli Abaphakathi?

Imakethe yesibonakude igcwele amanani aphansi asebenza ngaphansi. Nakhu ukuhlukaniswa okuthembekile kwalokho okuletha imiphumela yangempela emagcekeni angempela:

• 7x50 noma 10x50 amabinoculars — Izibonakude ngokuvamile azinakwa, izibonakude ziyithuluzi lokuqala elingcono kakhulu. Zembula ama-craters eNyangeni, izinyanga ezine ze-Jupiter zaseGalile, amaqoqo ezinkanyezi, kanye nesakhiwo se-Milky Way. Ipheya yekhwalithi ibiza u-$60–$150 futhi ayidingi ukusetha.
• Isibonisi se-Dobsonia (imbobo engu-6" ukuya ku-10") — Indawo evula kakhulu ngedola ngayinye etholakalayo. I-Dobsonia engu-6" ebiza u-$300–$400 idlula ama-refractors ezinga lokungena ebiza imali ephindwe kabili ngokubuka okujulile esibhakabhakeni. Ukukhweza okulula kwe-alt-azimuth kusho ukungabi bikho kwekhanda lokuqondanisa kwe-polar.
• I-GoTo equatorial mount ene-refractor enesizotha — Ilungele izibukeli zeplanethi nezithombe zezinkanyezi. Amasistimu e-GoTo anezimoto athola izinto ngokuzenzakalelayo, kodwa adinga ukuqondanisa kwe-polar namandla. Ibhajethi engu-$500–$800 yokusetha okusebenzayo kwezinga lokungena.
• Iqoqo le-Eyepiece (25mm, 10mm, kanye ne-2x Barlow) — Ama-eyepieces ethelesikophu yakho anquma ukukhuliswa kanye nendawo yokubuka. Iziqeshana zamehlo zekhwalithi ezintathu kanye nelensi ye-Barlow ikunikeza ububanzi obuhlukahlukene. Ama-eyepiece e-Plossl angu-$25–$50 ngayinye enza kahle kuleli zinga.
• I-Planisphere noma i-sky-charting app (SkySafari, Stellarium) — Amathuluzi okuzulazula abalulekile. I-planisphere ebonakalayo ayidingi ukushajwa; izinhlelo zokusebenza zinikeza imbondela yesikhathi sangempela sokungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona. Sebenzisa kokubili.

Uyihlela Kanjani Iseshini Yokubheka Ekhiqizayo Mayelana Nesimo Sezulu Sangempela?

Isibhakabhaka esicwebile azanele. Ukubona kwezinkanyezi - ukuzinza komkhathi - kunquma ukuthi imininingwane yeplanethi ibonakala kanjani. Ukungafihli - ukuthi umoya ucace futhi wome kangakanani - kulawula ukuthi into ongakwazi ukuyizwa ilula kangakanani. Lezi zici ezimbili zisebenza ngokuzimela.

Hlola izinsiza zesimo sezulu ezizinikele njenge-Clear Outside, Clear Dark Sky, noma i-Astrospheric. Lawa mathuluzi ahlinzeka ngezibikezelo zehora zokubona, obala, umswakamo, nomoya - usizo kakhulu kunezinhlelo zokusebenza zesimo sezulu ezijwayelekile. Ubusuku obulinganiselwe ngo-4/5 obunokukhanya okungu-3/5 bulungele amaplanethi. Ubusuku obungaboni kahle kodwa obala obala bulungele amaqoqo ezinkanyezi ashanelayo nemithala.

Yakha uhlelo olulula lweseshini ngaphambi kokuphuma ngaphandle. Yazi ukuthi yiziphi izinto ofuna ukuzibona, ukuphakama kwazo kanye nezikhathi ezimisiwe, kanye nokuphakama kwazo ngaphezu komkhathizwe - izinto ezingaphansi kwama-degree angu-30 zihlushwa ukuhlanekezelwa komoya kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izimo. Ukuhlela ngale ndlela kuguqula ubusuku obungahleliwe bube inqubekelaphambili ehlelekile esibhakabhakeni.

Iziphi Izinto Ezivuza Kakhulu Ongabhekwa Kuzinga Ngalinye Lamakhono?

Ababukeli abasha bavame ukuhlose ukuvelela kakhulu futhi bahambe bephoxekile. Qala ngezinto eziletha ukwethembeka nokwakha ukuzethemba ngaphambi kokudlulela kulokho okuhlosiwe okuyinselele.

Kwabaqalayo: Ulayini wesinqamuli seNyanga (umngcele ophakathi kokukhanya nesithunzi) uveza imininingwane emangalisa kakhulu ye-crater nentaba. Amaqoqo amafu kaJupiter nezinyanga ezine zaseGalile zihamba ngokusobala ebusuku. Izindandatho ze-Saturn kunoma yikuphi ukukhuliswa okungaphezu kuka-30x zidonsa imihlathi ezibukelini zokuqala.

Kubabukeli abaphakathi nendawo: I-Orion Nebula (M42) yembula isakhiwo sayo segesi kanye neqoqo lenkanyezi ye-Trapezium emnyombweni. I-Double Cluster in Perseus iyisiqephu sombukiso sanoma isiphi isimbobo. I-Mars ngesikhathi sokuphikiswa ikhombisa amaqhwa eqhwa kanye nezindawo ezimnyama. I-globular cluster M13 in Hercules ixazululeka ibe izinkulungwane zezinkanyezi ezinobubanzi obungu-6" noma ngaphezulu.

Kuzibukeli ezithuthukile: Isizini ye-Galaxy entwasahlobo (i-Virgo Cluster, i-Leo Triplet) inselele izimo zakho zesibhakabhaka kanye neso lakho ngokuhlukahluka kokukhanya okucashile. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinkanyezi ezimbili - ukuhlukanisa amasistimu kanambambili avaliwe - kuhlola ikhwalithi yokubona nokubona. I-nebula yeplanethi efana ne-Ring Nebula (M57) iveza izigaba zokuphela ze-stellar evolution ngokubuka kwe-eyepiece eyodwa.

Uwagcina Kanjani Amarekhodi Futhi Uthuthuka Ngokuqhubekayo Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi?

I-astronomy eyimfundamakhwela iklomelisa abacabangi abahlelekile. Ilogi yokubuka ayiyona inketho uma ufuna ukuqhubeka. Rekhoda usuku, isikhathi, indawo, okokusebenza okusetshenzisiwe, izimo zesibhakabhaka (Isilinganiso se-Bortle, izinga lokushisa, isilinganiso sokubona), namanothi ento ngayinye ephawuliwe. Ukudweba i-eyepiece - ngisho nangendlela ehlukumezayo - kuqeqesha iso lakho ukuthi liqaphele imininingwane ongayinaki ngaphandle kwalokho.

Buyekeza amalogi akho nyanga zonke. Thola ukuthi yiziphi izimo ezikhiqize imibono yakho engcono kakhulu. Qaphela amaphethini kulokho isibhakabhaka sakho sendawo esikuvumelayo. Ngaphezulu kwesizini eyodwa, le datha iba yinkomba yomuntu siqu endaweni yakho yokuhlola engasemuva okungekho ncwadi noma uhlelo lokusebenza olungakwazi ukuphindaphinda.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ingabe ngidinga isibonakude esibizayo ukuze ngibone izinto ezithakazelisayo?

Cha. Ipheya yekhwalithi yama-binoculars angu-10x50 yembula izinto zekhathalogi ye-Messier engaphezu kuka-100 futhi iletha ukubukwa okuhle kakhulu kwenyanga neplanethi. Imbobo ibaluleke ngaphezu kwegama lomkhiqizo noma intengo - i-Dobsonia engu-$350 8" idlula i-refractor yesitolo esinembobo encane engu-$900 cishe kukho konke okuhlosiwe. Qala ngama-binoculars, funda isibhakabhaka, bese utshala imali ngamabomu kusibonakude esifana nezinto ozithandayo.

Ngisithola kanjani isibhakabhaka esimnyama ngaphandle kokuhamba ibanga elide?

Sebenzisa iwebhusayithi ye-Light Pollution Map ukuze uhlonze izindawo ezimnyama ngaphakathi kwebanga lokushayela. Amapaki asemaphandleni, izindawo zezolimo, kanye nokubhukha kude namaphasishi emigwaqo emikhulu kuvame ukunikeza isibhakabhaka sase-Bortle 4-5 phakathi nemizuzu engama-30–60 yezindawo eziningi zasemadolobheni. I-International Dark Sky Parks (eqokwe yi-IDA) yizindawo ezihlolwe ngaphambilini ezinobumnyama obuvikelwe. Ngisho nokuzuza ikilasi elilodwa le-Bortle kwenza umehluko olinganisekayo kulokho ongakubona.

Yisiphi isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sonyaka sokuqala ukusibuka?

Ekupheleni kwehlobo nekwindla kunikeza ingxube ekhuthazayo: ubusuku obufudumele bunciphisa ukungakhululeki kwezikhathi ezinde, i-Galactic core ye-Milky Way igibela phezulu ngasekupheleni kwesibhakabhaka esibhakabhakeni, futhi ukufika kwasebusika kuletha i-Orion kanye nokunethezeka kwayo okumangalisayo. Isizini yomthala wasentwasahlobo kanye namaqoqo ezinkanyezi ezikhanyayo zasebusika ahlanganisa unyaka ogcwele wezinhlobonhlobo. Eqinisweni, isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuqala kunini lapho unobusuku obucwathile — isibhakabhaka sivuza ukuzibophezela nganoma iyiphi isizini.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ulawula ishejuli yokubuka eyinkimbinkimbi, okokusebenza kokulandelela, ukuxhumana namalungu ekilabhu yezinkanyezi, noma uhlela nje izikhathi zakho mayelana nezibopho zempilo, ukuhlala uhlelekile yilokho okuhlukanisa ukubuka izinkanyezi ngezikhathi ezithile nomkhuba wangempela, okhulayo. Izindlela ezifanayo zokucabanga ezishayela izinkanyezi ezinhle zisebenza ngamandla ekuqhubeni ibhizinisi.

Mewayz iyisistimu yokusebenza yebhizinisi enamamojula angu-207 ethenjwa abasebenzisi abangaphezu kuka-138,000 ukuze bahlele, benze ngokuzenzakalela, futhi bakale yonke into abayiphethe — kusukela ekuhleleni amaphrojekthi kuya ekuxhumaneni kweqembu kuya ekugelezeni komsebenzi wokuqukethwe. Izinhlelo ziqala nje ku-$19/ngenyanga.

Ulungele ukuletha ukucaca okufanayo nesakhiwo ebhizinisini lakho osiletha kumaseshini wakho wokubuka? Qala uhambo lwakho lwe-Mewayz namuhla ku-app.mewayz.com futhi uthole ukuthi i-OS yebhizinisi ephelele iyishintsha kanjani indlela osebenza ngayo.