Umngeni woMdibanisi weWolfram S

Xa uMthetho omnye uphinda ubhala yonke into: Izifundo ezivela kuMceli mngeni weWolfram S Combinator

Ekupheleni kowama-2023, uStephen Wolfram wabuza umbuzo olula ngokukhohlisayo kuluntu lwezibalo zokubala: ngaba umdibanisi omnye - umdibanisi we-S - unokungqinwa ukuba aphumeze ubalo lwendalo iphela yedwa? Into eyalandelayo yaba lucelomngeni oluvulelekileyo lweenyanga olwatsala ii-cryptographer, iingcaphephe, kunye neenjineli zesoftware komnye weyona mingxuma mihle yomvundla kwithiyori yesayensi yekhompyuter. Umdibanisi we-S, ochazwa ngumgaqoS x y z = x z (y z), ujongeka ngokuhleka kancinci. Kodwa okuzinzisiweyo kulo mgaqo mnye wokubhala ngokutsha amandla okulinganisa nakuphi na ukubala okukhe kwaqulunqwa. Eli ayilobali nje lemathematika — libali elimalunga nokwenzeka xa ukhulula ubuntsokotha ukuya kutsho kundoqo walo ongenakunqandeka kwaye ufumanise ukuba ukulula, ukusetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kuba ngamandla angenasiphelo.

I-S Combinator: Ubulula njengamandla amakhulu

Ingqiqo edibeneyo yasungulwa ngokuzimeleyo nguMoses Schönfinkel ngo-1920 yaza yandiswa nguHaskell Curry ngo-1930s njengenye indlela ye-lambda calculus - indlela yokuchaza ukubala ngaphandle kwezinto eziguquguqukayo. Umdibanisi we-S sesinye seziqwenga ezibini ezisisiseko (ekunye nomdibanisi we-K) ofunekayo ukuze ugqibelele. Apho u-K ekhetha ngokulula kwaye alahle, u-S wenza into enomdla kakhulu: isasaza iingxoxo kuyo yonke imisebenzi emibini ngaxeshanye, ivumela uhlobo lokuphinda-phinda usetyenziso lwesiqu sakho esenza ubalo jikelele lwenzeke.

Umceli mngeni kaWolfram ubuze ngokukodwa ukuba u-S yedwa - ngaphandle kwe-K njengeqabane - unokuvelisa ukuntsokotha okwaneleyo ukuze kugqityezelwe phantsi kwekhowudi ethile. Impendulo, engqinwe ngabaxhasi boluntu ngophando olupheleleyo kunye nobungqina obusesikweni, yayinobungqina obucacileyo: I-S iyodwa ayinakufezekisa ukugqibelela okupheleleyo kweTuring ngaphandle kwe-primitive eyongezelelweyo, kodwa inkqubo yokukhangela ngokwayo ibonise ubunzulu obumangalisayo kwizinto ezinokuthi zifezekise iinkqubo ezikufutshane. Imigaqo eyakhiwe ngokusulungekileyo ukusuka kwisicelo sika-S yandiswe kwiindlela zokuziphatha ekungekho mntu unokuqikelela kumthetho wokuqala kuphela.

Oku kukuqonda okusembindini okwenza ukuba umngeni ubenzulu ngokwentanda-bulumko kunokuba ube nomdla nje wobugcisa. Umsantsa phakathi kwedefinition yenkqubo kunye neyokuziphathainokuba banzi ngeenkwenkwezi. UWolfram uye wayibiza le nto "i-computational irreducibility" - uluvo lokuba kwiinkqubo ezininzi, akukho ndlela imfutshane yokwazi ukuba baya kwenza ntoni na ngaphandle kokuziqhuba inyathelo nenyathelo.

UkuCinga okuDityanisiweyo kunye nesizathu sokuba iBaluleko Ngaphaya kweziFundo

Umngeni we-S combinator ayingomsebenzi weengcali zezibalo kuphela. Iqaqambisa indlela yokucinga enefuthe elinzulu kuyilo lwenkqubo, uyilo lombutho, kunye nokusebenza kweshishini. Ifilosofi yomdibanisi iyabuza: yeyiphi eyona seti incinci yokusebenza kweathom apho zonke iindlela zokuziphatha ezinqwenelekayo zinokuqulunqwa? Lo ngumbuzo iinjineli ezinkulu eziwubuzayo xa kusakha iilwimi zeprogramu, abayili bezakhiwo ababalaseleyo bawubuza xa beyila ii-microservices, kwaye abaqhubi beshishini abakhulu kufuneka bawubuze xa besakha isitakhi sabo sokusebenza.

Imibutho emininzi yenza okuchaseneyo. Baqokelela izixhobo ngendlela ii-attics eziqokelela ngayo ifanitshala - isiqwenga esinye ngexesha, ngasinye sisombulula ingxaki ethile, de yonke ibenzima kunesimbuku samalungu ayo. Iqela lokuthengisa lamkela iCRM. Imali ibamba iqonga le-invoyisi. U-HR uthenga isixhobo sokurhola. Ulawulo lweFleet lufumana ideshbhodi yalo. Isixhobo ngasinye sifanelekile ekuhlaleni. Ngokudibeneyo, benza oko abaphandi bakubiza ngokuthi "ityala lokudibanisa" - iindleko ezifihliweyo zokwenza iinkqubo ezingabonakaliyo zithetha enye kwenye.

I-S combinator inikezela ngemodeli yengqondo eyahlukileyo. Endaweni yokubuza ukuba "sesiphi isixhobo esisombulula le ngxaki?", Ingcinga edibanisayo iyabuza "yeyiphi imisebenzi yakudala endiyidingayo, kwaye inokuqulunqwa njani ukusombulula nayiphi na ingxaki endidibana nayo?" Oku kulungisa ngokutsha umahluko phakathi kokwakha imfumba yezisombululo kunye nokwakha iqonga.

Yintoni i-Universal Computation esifundisa yona malunga neeModyuli zeShishini

Ukuguqula ukugqibelela kwisayensi yekhompyuter kuthetha ukuba inkqubo inokulinganisa nayiphi na enye inkqubo yokubala enikwe ixesha elaneleyo kunye nenkumbulo. Ngokwemigaqo yoshishino, ingqikelelo yesifaniso kukugqibelela kokusebenza — ukukwazi kweqonga ukusingatha nakuphi na ukuhamba komsebenzi ishishini elinokulifuna, kungekhona ngoluhlu oluhlala lukhula lweempawu zebholithi, kodwa ngeemodyuli ezilungelelaniswa ngokunyanisekileyo ezabelana ngedatha, isazisi, kunye nengqiqo kwinqanaba lesiseko.

"Iinkqubo ezinamandla kakhulu azikho ezona mpawu zininzi - zizo apho iimpawu ziqulunqa khona. Ubunzima obuvela kwizinto zakudala ezilula, eziyilwe kakuhle zihlala zomelele kunobunzima obuyilwe kwasekuqaleni."

Lo mahluko ubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni. Iqonga apho iimodyuli zenza ngokunyanisekileyo zithetha ukuba idatha yakho yeCRM iqukuqela ngokwemvelo kwinkqubo yakho ye-invoyisi, eyondla ideshibhodi yakho yohlalutyo, eyazisa ucwangciso lwakho lwe-HR. Idatha ayifuni kuthunyelwa ngaphandle, iguqulwe, kwaye iphinde ithunyelwe ngaphandle. Isazisi somthengi yinto enye nokuba ujonge kuyo kwimodyuli yokuthengisa, inkqubo yokubhukisha, okanye incwadi yokuhlawula. Olu luyilo lokuqamba — kwaye lulo olwahlula inkqubo yeshishini lokwenyani kwinqwaba yesoftware.

I-Mewayz yakhiwe malunga nalo mgaqo. Ngeemodyuli ezingama-207 ezithatha iCRM, i-invoyisi, ukuhlawula, i-HR, ulawulo lwezithuthi, uhlalutyo, izixhobo ze-link-in-bio, kunye neenkqubo zokubhukisha, iqonga lisebenzela abasebenzisi abangaphezu kwe-138,000 kwihlabathi jikelele kungekhona ngokunika ezona mpawu zininzi, kodwa ngokuqinisekisa ukuba ezo mpawu zisebenza kwizinto zokuqala ekwabelwana ngazo - imodeli yedatha edibeneyo, isazisi esingaguqukiyo esivumela amashishini asebenzayo avumela i-autoflows i-composz ivumela amashishini asebenze kwi-automation. yenziwe ngokucacileyo.

Umngeni wobuQhinga: Kutheni le nto ukuntsonkotha kufuneka kuzuzwe

Owona mba ufundisayo woMngeni weWolfram S Combinator yayikukuba kube nzima kangakanani ukuqinisekisa namabango abonakala elula. Abaxhasi boluntu basebenzise i-automated theorem provers, ubalo lwamagama apheleleyo, kunye nezicwangciso eziliqili zokubhala ngokutsha. Iindlela ezininzi ezibonakala zithembisa ziye zajika ziphosakele. Olu luphawu lweenkqubo zokuqulunqwa okuphezulu: ukuziphatha kwabo kwisikali kunzima ngenene ukuqikelela kwimithetho yabo kuphela.

Kumashishini, le mephu ukuya kwindawo yentlungu eqhelekileyo: uvavanyo lokudibanisa. Xa uneenkqubo ezilishumi ezisebenza ngokuchanekileyo kwindawo yodwa, awukwazi ukucinga ukuba ukusebenzisana kwazo kuya kulunga. Indawo nganye entsha yokudibanisa iphinda-phinda amandla okuziphatha okungalindelekanga. Yiyo loo nto inani lokudityaniswa kuluhlu lwesoftware yeshishini eliqhelekileyo likhula ngokone ngenani lezixhobo - kwaye kutheni iindleko zokuhlanganisa zihlala zigqitha iindleko zelayisensi kwimibutho emikhulu.

Isisombululo umceli mngeni wesihlanganisi asilovavanyo ngakumbi kumaleko ohlanganiso, kodwa umphezulu wodibaniso omncinci ukuqala ngawo. Xa iimodyuli zabelana nge-substrate eqhelekileyo, ukusebenzisana kwabo kulawulwa yimithetho efanayo elawula ukuziphatha kwabo ngabanye. Akukho maleko oguqulo aza kungalunganga, akukho zivumelwano ze-API eziza kwaphulwa, akukho mpazamo ye-schema yokulungiswa ngo-2 AM phambi komboniso webhodi.

Iimpembelelo eziSebenzayo: Ukwakha iShishini lakho kwiMiba ePhambili eKhonjiswayo

Ishishini liyisebenzisa njani indlela yokucinga yokudibanisa? Nantsi imigaqo ephambili evela kumceli mngeni we-S xa iguqulelwe kwisicwangciso sokusebenza:

• Chonga iiprimitives zakho kuqala. Phambi kokukhetha izixhobo, yenza imephu yedata engundoqo izinto zakho - abathengi, transactions, abasebenzi, asethi, ixesha - kwaye uqinisekise naliphi na iqonga owamkela liphatha ezi njengeklasi yokuqala, amaqumrhu ekwabelwana kunokuba iirekhodi imodyuli-yasekuhlaleni.
• Khetha ubunzulu ngaphezu kobubanzi kwisixhobo sokuqala. Iqonga elenza izinto ezilishumi kakuhle kwisiseko ekwabelwana ngaso lixabiseke ngaphezu kwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezingamashumi amabini apho into nganye yenze into enye kodwa ingakwazi ukubona idatha yomnye.
• Uvavanyo lokusebenzisana, hayi nje iimpawu. Xa uvavanya isoftware yeshishini, umbuzo awukho "ngaba imodyuli A inalo uphawu X?" kodwa "xa ndisebenzisa iimodyuli A kunye no-B kunye, ngaba inkqubo iziphatha ngcono kuneyodwa?"
• Phatha i-automation njengokwakheka. I-automations enamandla kakhulu kwi-platform edibeneyo ayizona izikripthi okanye ukudibanisa - ziyi-workflows ezidibanisa ukuziphatha kwemodyuli kunye, ukuvumela ukuba umcimbi wokubhuka uqalise uhlaziyo lwe-CRM olubangela ukuba i-invoyisi iqalise ukungena kwi-payroll, konke ngaphandle kokungenelela ngesandla okanye ikhowudi yesiko.
• Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lokuvela. Iinkqubo ezidibeneyo ziya kwenza izinto ongazicwangcisanga - kwaye oko kuyimpawu, kungekhona i-bug. Shiya indawo kwimisebenzi yakho yokufumanisa ukuhamba komsebenzi okwenziwa liqonga kodwa kungekho mntu uyilwe ngokucacileyo.

Ukungabikho kweComputational Irreducibility in Operations: Ukwamkela into ongenakuyiqikelela

Ingqikelelo kaWolfram yokunganciphisi ukubaleka inolandelelwano oluthe ngqo lokusebenza: ezinye iziphumo zeshishini azinakuqikelelwa kwimigaqo yokuqala — kufuneka ziqhutywe. Oku asikokusilela kwisicwangciso; yipropathi yeenkqubo ezintsonkothileyo eziguqukayo. Iimarike ziziphatha ngolu hlobo. Ubudlelwane babathengi buziphatha ngolu hlobo. Iintshukumo zombutho ngokuqinisekileyo ziziphatha ngolu hlobo.

Awona mashishini atsala nzima ngale nyaniso ngawona akhe aqina, asebenza nzima. Xa yonke i-workflow i-hard-coded kwisixhobo esithile, ukulungelelanisa kwi-computational irreducibility - ukungaqiniseki kwangempela kweemeko zoshishino zangempela - kufuna ukuphunyezwa kwakhona okubizayo. Xa uqukuqelo lomsebenzi ludityaniswe kwizinto zamandulo ezibhetyebhetye, ukuziqhelanisa kudla ngokuba ngumbandela wokuphinda kuqwalaselwe ukwakheka endaweni yokuphinda kwakhiwe ukusuka ekuqaleni.

Yiyo loo nto amaqonga eemodyuli anokudityaniswa kokwenyani engasebenziyo nje ngokulula — ayakwazi ukuqina ngokobuchule. Ishishini eliqhuba kubasebenzisi abayi-138,000 bexabiso lobukrelekrele beqonga eliqokelelweyo, njengoko uMewayz esenza, lihlala lifumana iingoma ezintsha ezisebenzayo. Obo bulumko buhlangeneyo budibana ngeendlela ekungekho sicwangciso sangaphakathi somthengi omnye ebenokulindela.

I-Frontier: Apho i-Combinator kunye ne-AI zidibana khona

Umngeni womdibanisi we-S uphelile njengesifundo kwimida yeenkqubo ezincinci - kodwa kwakhona njengomboniso wokuba loo mida ingatyhalwa kude kangakanani. Umda olandelayo kuyo yomibini ithiyori yenzululwazi yekhompyutha kunye nemisebenzi yoshishino ebonakalayo kukuhlangana kweenkqubo ezidityanisiweyo kunye nokufunda koomatshini: amaqonga angaqulunqi nje kuphela imisebenzi, kodwa afunde ukuba yeyiphi imixholo esebenza kakhulu kwaye icebisa emitsha kubasebenzisi bazo.

Khawube nomfanekiso-ngqondweni we-OS yeshishini eqwalasela ukuba yeyiphi indibaniselwano yemodyuli ehambelana nokukhula kwengeniso, ukugcinwa kwabathengi, okanye ukusebenza kakuhle, kwaye ijonge phambili kwezo pateni kubasebenzisi abangekayifumani okwangoku. Oku akuyontsomi yenzululwazi - kukuvela kwendalo kweqonga elinokuhlanganiswa kwedatha enzulu kunye nesikali esaneleyo. Xa iCRM yakho, i-invoyisi, i-analytics, i-HR, kunye neemodyuli zolawulo lwezithuthi zonke zisebenza kwii-primitives zedatha ekwabelwana ngayo, i-AI layer inombono odibeneyo weshishini lakho ukuba akukho patchwork yezixhobo ezidibeneyo ezinokuhambelana.

I-S combinator isifundisa ukuba eyona nto inzima kakhulu ayifuni ithala leencwadi elingenasiphelo lemithetho. Ifuna iiprimitives ezifanelekileyo, ezisetyenziswa ngoqeqesho kunye nentelekelelo. Kumashishini ajonga iimfuno zokusebenza zika-2025 - ukulawula amaqela asasaziweyo, abathengi behlabathi, iimodeli zengeniso ehlanganisiweyo, kunye nolindelo lohlalutyo lwexesha lokwenyani - iqonga eliphumeleleyo ayililo elinoluhlu olude. Yeyona yakhiweyo, njengo-S ngokwayo, kumbono oqaqambileyo wokuba yonke into enomdla ivela kwisakhiwo.

Umngeni owenziwe nguWolfram wawumalunga nezibalo. Kodwa isifundo sayo esinzulu sesaye nabani na iinkqubo zokwakha ezenzelwe ukuhlala: qala ngeyona nto incinci yezinto eziqulunqa ngokunyanisekileyo, kwaye uthembele ukuba ubunzima buya kuzinyamekela.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Yintoni umdibanisi we-S kwaye kutheni ibalulekile nje kwithiyori yekhompyutha?

Umdibanisi we-S, ochazwa ngumgaqo S x y z = x z (y z), yenye yeebhloko zokwakha ezingundoqo zengqiqo yokudibanisa ecaleni komdibanisi u-K. Ukubaluleka kwayo kulele kubuncinci bayo — iyakwazi ukuvakalisa nawuphi na umsebenzi ophathekayo xa idityaniswe no-K, iyenza ilitye lembombo le-lambda calculus, ucwangciso olusebenzayo, kunye nethiyori ebanzi yokubala jikelele.

Yayiyintoni kanye kanye iWolfram S Combinator Challenge ecela abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba bangqine?

UStephen Wolfram ucele umngeni kuluntu ukuba lungqine ngokusesikweni ukuba umdibanisi we-S yedwa - ngaphandle kweqabane lakhe lemveli u-K - yiTuring-igqityiwe. Isiseko somgangatho we-SK kudala singqinwa jikelele, kodwa ukwahlula i-S njengenye yakudala kufuna iindlela zobungqina obutsha. Abathathi-nxaxheba baphonononga ukuba ingaba ukuzenzela kwe-S kungalinganisa ukubala okungafanelekanga, ukutsala iingcali zokuqiqa, ukuchwetheza iithiyori, kunye nabathandi be-theorem prover abazenzekelayo kwihlabathi jikelele.

Ingaba ulwazi olusuka kwingqiqo edibeneyo luqhagamshelwa njani kumaqonga esoftware yehlabathi lokwenyani?

Ubungqina obunje buyenza nzulu indlela esiyiqonda ngayo eyona mfuno isezantsi yobalo — iimbono ezikhula kuyilo loqulunqo, ithiyori yohlobo, kunye nokwandisa ulwimi olusebenzayo. Nditsho nemveliso efana ne-Mewayz, i-OS yeshishini yeemodyuli ezingama-207 efumaneka kwi-app.mewayz.com nge-$19/mo, ekugqibeleni isebenza kumaleko wokutsalwa amiliselwe kwimigaqo yobalo lwendalo yonke efanayo umceli mngeni womhlanganisi we-S omiselwe ukumiselwa ngokusesikweni.

Ndingaya phi ukulandela imingeni eqhubekayo kwithiyori yesayensi yekhompyuter?

Ezona ndawo zingcono zokuqalisa ziquka amaxwebhu omngeni kaWolfram, imibhalo yezifundo nge-lambda calculus, kunye noluntu olunjengoluhlu lokuposa lweZiseko zeMathematika. Ukulungiselela uphando lwakho okanye ukulawula ishishini lemfundo yobugcisa, iMewayz ibonelela ngeshishini lemodyuli engama-207 nge-$19/mo — ndwendwela app.mewayz.com ukujonga izixhobo ezakhelwe ukuphatha yonke into ukusuka ekupapasheni komxholo ukuya kulawulo lwabathengi.