Mininzi imithi etyalwe kwiNtlango yaseTaklamakan kangangokuba ijike yaba sisinki yekhabhoni

Intlango yaseTaklamakan, eyayikhe yaba yenye yeendawo zase China ezingavumelekanga kwaye zingumqwebedu, ngokusesikweni ibe yindawo yokucwila ikharbon - efunxa icarbon dioxide eninzi kunokuba iyikhuphe - ngenxa yephulo elingaqhelekanga lokutyala imithi elithatha amashumi eminyaka. Le nguqu imangalisayo yendalo esingqongileyo inika izifundo ezinzulu hayi nje kwizazinzulu zokusingqongileyo, kodwa kumashishini kunye nemibutho ezinikele kumalinge ozinzo exesha elide, aqhutywa lulwazi.

Yenze Njani Intlango YaseTaklamakan Yaba Yisinki Yekhabhoni?

INtlango yeTaklamakan kwingingqi yase-China i-Xinjiang ithatha malunga ne-337,000 yeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibeyindawo yesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Kangangeenkulungwane, iqondo lobushushu elitshisayo nokoma kwayo kwabangela ukuba uhlaza oluzinzile lungabi nakwenzeka. Oko kwaqala ukutshintsha ngokuphawulekayo xa iTshayina yaqalisa iNkqubo yayo ethi "iNkqubo yeHlathi yeThree-North Shelter Forest" - eyaziwa ngokuba yiGreat Green Wall - ngo-1978. Kumashumi eminyaka alandelayo, iibhiliyoni zemithi zatyalwa kuwo wonke umntla weTshayina, kugxininisekile ngokukodwa kwimimandla esentlango.

Idatha yesathelayithi yakutsha nje kunye nemilinganiselo yomgangatho wekhabhoni eguquguqukayo iqinisekise oko oososayensi bekudala benethemba: isiphumo sokukhula kwezi zityalo, kudityaniswe nokubuyiswa kohlaza lwendalo, kwenze ukuba ibhalansi yekhabhoni yeTaklamakan ibe ngumhlaba ombi. Intlango ngoku ifunxa ikhabhoni ye-atmosphere ngaphezu kokuba ikhupha - isiganeko esibalulekileyo ebesinokubonakala simnandi kwisizukulwana esidlulileyo.

"Ukuguqulwa kweTaklamakan kubonisa ukuba ukuhambelana, isenzo esikhulu kwixesha elide kunokuguqula kunye nowona monakalo wendalo owenziweyo. Umgaqo ofanayo usebenza kwishishini: umgudu odibeneyo, ulandelwa kwaye ulawulwe ngokungqongqo, uvelisa iziphumo eziye zabonakala zingenakwenzeka. "

Kuthetha ukuthini oku kwiiThagethi zeMozulu yeHlabathi?

Iimpembelelo zeNtlango yeTaklamakan enekhabhoni zibalulekile kumyinge weplanethi. Lo mmandla ngoku usebenza njengendawo yokwenyani yebhayoloji kunye nekhabhoni esekwe emhlabeni, ithatha izigidi zeetoni zeCO₂ ngonyaka. Izazinzulu ziqaphela ukuba inguqu ikwanciphisa ukuphindaphindeka kwesanti, iphucula iipateni zemvula kwingingqi, kwaye ixhasa iipaseji zezinto ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji kuMbindi weAsia.

Kubaphandi bemozulu abalandelela inkqubela ngokuchasene neenjongo zesiVumelwano saseParis, eli liqhekeza leendaba ezilungileyo ezinqabileyo. Ikwabonelela ngobungqina obubambekayo bokuba ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ngokomlinganiselo kuyasebenza - hayi nje ngokwethiyori, kodwa ngomlinganiselo. Iinqaba zeCarbon flux kunye nezixhobo zokuvalela kude ziye zaqinisekisa imeko ye-sink ngedatha engqongqo, inika abaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo imodeli ethembekileyo yokuphindaphinda kwezinye iingingqi eziyinkqantosi eziquka iSahara, i-Arabian Peninsula, kunye ne-American Southwest.

Yeyiphi imingeni ethe yoyiswa ukuze kuphunyezwe esi Siphumo?

Indlela esuka kwindunduma yesanti ukuya kwisinki sekhabhoni yayingeyonto ithe ngqo. Ukutyala imithi kwindawo eyomileyo kufuna ukusombulula iingxaki ezininzi ezidityanisiweyo - ukufunwa kwamanzi, ukukhetha iintlobo, ukuzinzisa umhlaba, ulawulo lwezinambuzane, kunye nokugcinwa kwexesha elide kwinqanaba lemibutho embalwa ekhe yazama. Abaphathi bamahlathi baseTshayina bafunda ngokusilela okuneendleko ezinkulu ngaphambi kokuba bachonge iindidi ezikwaziyo ukumelana nembalela njengesaxaul ( iHaloxylon ammodendron) enokuphila kumanzi amancinane aphantsi komhlaba.

Eyona micelimngeni iye yasonjululwa ngocwangco iquka:

• Ulungiselelo lwamanzi: Uthungelwano lokunkcenkceshela ngamathontsi lwandiswa kuwo wonke amawaka eekhilomitha omhlaba oyintlango ukuze kugcinwe izithole eziselula kule minyaka yazo yangaphambili.
• Iintlobo ngeentlobo zeentlobo zeentlobo: Ukutyalwa kwangaphambili kwe-monoculture kubonakalise ukuba sengozini kwizitshabalalisi nezifo; amahlathi atshintshele kwimixube yepolyculture eyakha ukomelela kwemekobume.
• Ukuhlanganiswa koluntu: Uluntu lwasekuhlaleni lwezalusa lwaluzibandakanya njengamagosa kunokuba lungabandakanyi, ludala inkuthazo yezoqoqosho ehambelana nempilo yehlathi elide.
• Uqwalaselo lwedatha: Imifanekiso yesathelayithi, izikhululo zekhabhoni eziguquguqukayo, kunye nophando lwasemhlabeni lwenze imijikelezo yengxelo evumela abacwangcisi ukuba baqhelanise nezicwangciso ngexesha elikufutshane.
• Ukuqhubekeka kwenkxaso-mali yexesha elide: Ukuzinikela kukarhulumente kwiminyaka elishumi emininzi kuye kwaqinisekisa ukuba iiprojekthi aziyekwa emva kwezigaba zokuqala zokutyala, kulapho iinzame ezininzi zokubuyisela ziye zawa ngokwembali.

Umngeni ngamnye wale mingeni ubonisa iingxaki amashishini anamhlanje ajongana nawo xa elandela iinjongo zozinzo: ulungelelwaniso kuwo wonke amasebe avaliweyo, ukugcina isantya sexesha leminyaka emininzi, kunye nokuvelisa idatha ethembekileyo ukubonisa impembelelo.

Amashishini Angenza Njani Ezi Zifundo Kwisicwangciso Sawo Sozinzo?

Ibali lempumelelo leTaklamakan libali elimalunga nolawulo olucwangcisiweyo, lwexesha elide - kanye indawo apho amaqonga afana Mewayz azisa ixabiso lenguquko. I-Mewayz yinkqubo yokusebenza yeshishini yeemodyuli ezingama-207 esetyenziswa ngabasebenzisi abangaphezu kwe-138,000 kwihlabathi liphela, ibonelela ngayo yonke into ukusuka kulawulo lweprojekthi kunye nolungelelwaniso lweqela ukuya kwiCRM, uhlalutyo, kunye nokuthengisa okuzenzekelayo, konke nge-$19–49 ngenyanga.

Kumashishini azimisele ngokuzinzisa uzinzo kwimisebenzi yawo - hayi nje ngombhalo osemazantsi wePR kodwa njengento enokulinganiswa, ukuzibophelela okulandelekayo - iziseko zophuhliso zokusebenza zibaluleke kakhulu. Iprojekthi yeTaklamakan iphumelele ngenxa yokuba ibinocwangciso olusembindini, yasasazwa ukwenziwa, kunye nokubekwa kweliso okuvaliweyo. Amashishini afuna ulwakhiwo olufanayo xa elawula izithembiso zokunciphisa icarbon, uphicotho lwababoneleli, ingxelo yeESG, okanye iinkqubo zempembelelo yoluntu.

Xa iinjongo zakho zozinzo zihlala ngaphakathi kweqonga lokusebenza kunye nombhobho wakho wokuthengisa, ukuhamba komsebenzi we-HR, kunye nengxelo yezemali, uxanduva lokuphendula luba luhle kunokuba lube nomnqweno. Ilungu ngalinye leqela linokubona indlela umsebenzi walo onxibelelana ngayo nezibophelelo ezibanzi zombutho zokusingqongileyo - ngendlela efanayo umlimi ngamnye wemithi eXinjiang ebeqonda ngayo igalelo lakhe kuthumo lwesikali selizwekazi.

Ityala le-Taklamakan lisixelela ntoni malunga nokuMeta impembelelo yexesha elide?

Omnye weyona miba ifundisayo yeprojekthi yeTaklamakan yindima edlalwe ngumlinganiselo ekuqinisekiseni impembelelo. Ngaphandle kweenqaba zekhabhoni eziguquguqukayo, izalathi zezityalo zesathelayithi, kunye nohlalutyo oluqatha loontangandini, ibango lokuba intlango iye yaba sisinki yekhabhoni iya kuhlala injalo. Idatha iguqule ithemba ekubeni yinyani eqinisekisiweyo.

Amashishini ajongene nomngeni ofanayo. Izibophelelo zozinzo ezenziwe ngaphandle kweenkqubo zokulinganisa zidla ngokukhukuliseka ekuhlambeni eluhlaza - kungekhona rhoqo ngenxa yokholo olubi, kodwa nge-entropy yendalo yombutho etshabalalisa izinto eziphambili ezingaxhaswanga, ezingaqwalaselwanga. Ukwakha isiseko sokulinganisa kwangaphambili, phambi kokubhengeza iinjongo, kuko okwahlula impembelelo yokwenyani kwinjongo ezilungileyo.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Kuthathe ixesha elingakanani ukuba iNtlango yaseTaklamakan ibe sisinki yekhabhoni?

Utshintsho luthathe amashumi eminyaka emininzi yomzamo oqhubekayo. Inkqubo yaseTshayina Enkulu yoDonga oluHlaza yaqala ngo-1978, kwaye iimvavanyo zenzululwazi zamva nje - ezipapashwe phakathi kwe-2020s - ziqinisekisile isimo se-carbon sink. Iziphumo eziluncedo ze-ikholoji ziqale ukuvela emva kweminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30 yokutyala nokulawula okuzinzileyo, kugxininiswa ukuba ukubuyiswa kwemo engqongileyo ngomlinganiselo omkhulu kukuzibophelela kwesizukulwana, hayi isisombululo esikhawulezileyo.

Zeziphi iintlobo zemithi ebezisebenza kakhulu kwiinzame zohlaziyo lwamahlathi entlango?

Saxaul ( iHaloxylon ammodendron) yavela njengelitye lembombo ngenxa yokunyamezela kwayo imbalela okukhethekileyo kunye neenkqubo ezinzulu zeengcambu ezizinzisa iindunduma zesanti. ITamarisk, imixube yepoplar, kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zamatyholo omthonyama nazo zasetyenziswa ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zomhlaba wasekuhlaleni kunye nokufumaneka kwamanzi. Ukutshintsha ukusuka kwi-monoculture ukuya kwi-polyculture yokutyala iphucule ngokubonakalayo amazinga okuphila kwexesha elide kunye nokomelela kwe-ikholoji kwiprojekthi yonke.

Amashishini amancinci naphakathi anganegalelo njani ekuncitshisweni kwekhabhoni ngelixa ehlala esebenza kakuhle?

Ii-SMB zinokuba nempembelelo yemozulu enentsingiselo ngaphandle kokuncama ukusebenza kakuhle ngokuzinzisa umkhondo wozinzo kwiinkqubo ezikhoyo zokusebenza. Oku kuthetha ukusebenzisa i-platform yezoshishino edibeneyo - kunokuba isofthiwe yokuzinza ngokuzimeleyo - ukwenzela ukuba i-carbon metrics, idatha yomthengisi, kunye noxanduva lweqela lihlala kwinkqubo efanayo nemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Amaqonga afana Mewayz, aneemodyuli ezingama-207 eyakhelwe injongo eqala nje nge-$19/ngenyanga, zenza olu hlanganiso lufikeleleke kumashishini nakweliphi na inqanaba lokukhula.

Ukuguqulwa kweNtlango yaseTaklamakan ukusuka kwinkqantosi eyinkqantosi ukuya kwi-carbon sink yenye yezona ziganeko zinyanzelisayo ezisingqongileyo zexesha langoku - ubungqina bokuba ukuqeqeshwa, ukugcinwa kwedatha, ukuzinikela kwexesha elide kunokubuyisela umonakalo omkhulu. Nokuba utyala imithi entlango okanye wakha ishishini elizinzileyo, imigaqo iyafana: iinjongo ezicacileyo, imisebenzi eyomeleleyo, kunye nomlinganiselo ongayekeleliyo.

Ukulungele ukwakha imisebenzi exhasa iminqweno yakho yexesha elide? Qalisa uhambo lwakho lwe-Mewayz namhlanje kwaye ufumanise ukuba iimodyuli ezihlanganisiweyo ezingama-207 zinokuwenza njani amandla kuwo onke amanqanaba eshishini lakho — ngokuzinzileyo, ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye ngexabiso elikhula nawe.