Iiathom zaseRydberg zifumanisa iimpawu ezicacileyo kwirediyo ephathwayo

Abamkeli be-Quantum basanda kuthatha iSiginali ye-Walkie-Talkie-Kwaye itshintsha yonke into

Kangangamashumi eminyaka, unxibelelwano lukanomathotholo luxhomekeke kubuchwephesha obufanayo obusisiseko: ii-eriyali zentsimbi eziguqula amaza ombane abe ziimpawu zombane. Iyasebenza, kodwa iza nemida enzima yomzimba - imiqobo yobungakanani, izithintelo zamaza, kunye nokuba sesichengeni sokuphazamiseka. Ngoku, abaphandi babonise into enokuthi iphinde ibhale imithetho ngokupheleleyo. Ukusebenzisa iiathom zaseRydberg - iiathom ezineelektroni ezichulumancisayo ukuya kumazwe anamandla angaphezulu ngokungaqhelekanga - izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ngempumelelo imiqondiso ecacileyo, eqondakalayo ephuma kwirediyo eqhelekileyo ephathwa ngesandla. Olu ayilophuculo lwelabhu esecaleni. Bubungqina bokuba i-quantum physics ingathatha indawo yetekhnoloji ye-eriyali yenkulungwane yakudala ngento ebaluleke kakhulu, kwaye iziphumo zisuka kunxibelelwano lokhuselo ukuya kwindlela amashishini emihla ngemihla alawula ngayo ukusebenza kwawo kunye noqhagamshelo.

Zintoni iiathomu zaseRydberg kwaye kutheni kufuneka uzikhathalele?

Iathom yaseRydberg yiathom apho i-electron enye okanye ngaphezulu ziye zachulumanca ukuya kwinani eliphezulu kakhulu eliyintloko lomyinge - ngamanye amaxesha lifikelela kumaxabiso angama-50, 100, okanye ngaphaya. Kule migangatho, i-electron orbits kwimigama emide ukusuka kwi-nucleus ngokubhekiselele kwimeko yayo yomhlaba, okwenza i-athomu ibe novakalelo olungaqhelekanga kumasimi ombane angaphandle. Iathom enye yaseRydberg inokuba nkulu ngokuphindwe kayi-10,000 kuneathom yesiqhelo ephantsi komhlaba, kwaye ubuntununtunu bayo kwizikali zemitha ye-electromagnetic imitha yombane ilingana kakhulu nobo bukhulu.

Obu buntununtunu yinto eyenza iiathom zaseRydberg zibe nomtsalane njengezamkeli zikanomathotholo. Ii-eriyali zesiNtu kufuneka zilinganiswe ngokwasemzimbeni ukuze zihambelane nobude bezandi ezibubhaqayo - umqobo osisiseko onqanda i-miniaturization kunye nolwamkelo lwebroadband. Iiathom zaseRydberg ziyayichasa le nto ngokupheleleyo. Iseli yomphunga encinci kunebhokisi yematshisi, ezaliswe yicesium okanye iiathom zerubidium ezichulumanciswa ziilaser ezichanekileyo, inokubona iisiginali kuluhlu lwamaza ophuma kwikhilohertz ukuya kwiterahertz. Kumboniso wamva nje, abaphandi balungelelanise i-Rydberg receiver yabo ukuba ithathe i-VHF-band signal kwi-radio ephathwayo yorhwebo esebenza malunga ne-150 MHz - i-frequency esetyenziswa ngabaphenduli bokuqala, i-aviation, kunye neenkqubo ezininzi zerediyo zeshishini kwihlabathi jikelele.

Umqondiso awukhange ubonwe nje njengedatha ekrwada. Yathotywa phantsi yaze yaveliswa njengesandi esicacileyo, engqina ukuba abamkeli baseRydberg banokusebenza njengezixhobo zonxibelelwano olusebenzayo, hayi nje izinto ezingaqhelekanga zaselabhu.

Kutheni le NONE

I-Quantum sensing ivelise izihloko ezithandekayo ngaphambili, kodwa imiboniso emininzi yayikhona kwiindawo ezilawulwa ngokuqinileyo ezineemeko ezifanelekileyo. Yintoni eyahlula esi siphumo kukusebenza kwayo kwihlabathi lokwenyani. Irediyo ephathwa ngesandla imalunga nesidlulisi esiqhelekileyo njengoko unokusifumana - amandla ebhetri, ahlangeneyo, asebenza kumanqanaba orhwebo aqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-5 yeewathi. Into yokuba umamkeli weathom yaseRydberg inokukhupha umqondiso osebenzisekayo kwisixhobo esinjalo esiqhelekileyo ibonisa ukuba itekhnoloji ihamba ngaphaya kobungqina bomgaqo-siseko ukuya ekusebenzeni kokwenyani kobunjineli.

Izixokelelwano ze-eriyali zesintu zinengxaki yothintelo olwaziwayo olwaziwayo olunokoyiswa ngabamkeli baseRydberg:

• Ubungakanani befrikhwensi yokudibanisa: Ii-eriyali eziqhelekileyo kufuneka zibe yiqhezu elibalulekileyo le-wavelength ekujoliswe kuyo, ukwenza ulwamkelo oluphantsi lufuna izakhiwo ezinkulu zomzimba. Abamkeli baseRydberg baqhawula ukubonwa kubungakanani bomzimba ngokupheleleyo.
• Izithintelo ze-Bandwidth: Uninzi lwee-eriyali zilungelelaniswe kwiibhendi zefrikhwensi emxinwa. Iiathom zaseRydberg zinokulungelelaniswa kwi-spectrum enkulu ngokulula ngokuhlengahlengisa i-laser frequency, ivumela ulwamkelo lwebroadband echazwe kwisoftware.
• Ukuphazamiseka koMbane: Ii-eriyali zentsimbi zithatha ingxolo kwi-elektroniki ekufutshane kunye nezakhiwo. Abamkeli baseRydberg basebenzisa i-optical readout, ibenza bakhuseleke ngokwendalo kwiindlela ezininzi zokuphazamiseka kombane.
• I-Calibration drift: Abamkeli besiqhelo bafuna ulungelelwaniso lwamaxesha oluthelekiswa nemigangatho yereferensi. Iiathom zaseRydberg zibonelela ngemilinganiselo yokuzilinganisa ngokwazo enokulandelelwa kwii-athom ezingaguqukiyo ezisisiseko, zibonelela ngomlinganiselo ochanekileyo ongaphantsi kwe-1% ngaphandle kweembekiselo zangaphandle.

Ezi zibonelelo zichaza ukuba kutheni imibutho esuka kwi-DARPA ukuya kwiilebhu ze-telecom zorhwebo ithale imali eninzi kuphando lwe-atom yaseRydberg kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, kunye nenkxaso-mali edityanisiweyo edlula i-100 lezigidi zeedola kwihlabathi jikelele ukusukela ngo-2020.

Ukusuka kwiiLebhu zeFiziksi ukuya kuSaziso lweNdawo: Imingeni yobuNjineli ePhambili

Ngaphandle kochulumanco, imiqobo yobunjineli ebalulekileyo ihleli phambi kokuba abamkeli baseRydberg bavele kwiimveliso zorhwebo. Iinkqubo zangoku zifuna iilaser ezichanekileyo ukuze zivuyise ii-athomu kwiindawo zabo zaseRydberg - ngokuqhelekileyo isikimu sokuvuselela iifotoni ezimbini usebenzisa i-lasers kwi-852 nm kunye ne-509 nm ye-athomu ye-cesium. Ezi sistim zelaser, ngelixa ziya zixinene, zisadla amandla amaninzi kwaye zithatha umthamo omkhulu kune-eriyali yocingo elula. Abaphandi kwiZiko leSizwe leMigangatho kunye neTekhnoloji (NIST) kunye neelebhu ezininzi zeyunivesithi zisebenza kwizisombululo ezidibeneyo zefotoni ezinokucutha yonke inkqubo yamehlo kwiqonga le-chip-scale.

Uzinzo lobushushu yenye inkxalabo. Iiseli zomphunga weathom zaseRydberg zisebenza ngcono kumaqondo obushushu alawulwayo, phakathi kwe 25°C kunye ne 45°C, ukugcina uxinano lweathom olulolona luphezulu. Ukusasazwa kwentsimi kwindawo eyingozi kakhulu - ubushushu bentlango, ingqele ye-arctic, okanye ukungcangcazela kwesithuthi esishukumayo - kwazisa imiceli mngeni engajongana nayo iilabhoratri. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubela phambili yamva nje kwiiseli zomphunga ezenziwe kancinci ezinezifudumezi ezidityanisiweyo kunye nokwahlukaniswa kwe-thermal kubonise iziphumo ezithembisayo, kunye nezinye iiprototypes ezigcina ukusebenza kuluhlu lwamaqondo obushushu angama-60°C.

Isiginali ukuya kwingxolo ifuna ukuphuculwa kwezicelo ezithile. Ngelixa umboniso werediyo ophathwa ngesandla uvelise isandi esicacileyo, ubuntununtunu bomamkeli lusasilela kwezona zamkeli ziqhelekileyo zamkelekileyo malunga ne-10-20 dB yeempawu zebhanti emxinwa. Abaphandi bajongana noku ngobuchule obufana neenkqubo zokuvuselela iifoton ezininzi kunye nokwenza elubala okubangelwa ngumbane wombane (EIT), ngophuculo lonyaka olumalunga ne-3-5 dB oluxelwe kuncwadi lwakutsha nje.

uNxibelelwano lwezoShishino kwiLizwe le-Post-Antenna

Iimpembelelo ezisebenzayo zabamkeli berediyo bequantum badlulela ngaphaya komkhosi kunye nosetyenziso lobunzululwazi. Qwalasela iziseko zonxibelelwano amashishini anamhlanje axhomekeke kuzo yonke imihla. Ukusuka kwiinkqubo zikanomathotholo zokugcina kunye nothungelwano lweenqwelo moya ukuya kwi-IoT sensor array kunye ne-Wi-Fi yesakhiwo esibanzi, unxibelelwano lwe-electromagnetic luxhasa phantse konke ukuhamba komsebenzi. Itekhnoloji enokuthi ifumane kuwo wonke amaza onomathotholo ngesixhobo esinye esixineneyo sinokwenza lula ngokusisiseko indlela amashishini asakha ngayo kwaye agcine unxibelelwano lwawo.

Ezona teknoloji zenguqu aziphuculi nje iinkqubo ezikhoyo - zisusa imiqobo eyayibumba. Abamkeli beathom baseRydberg abazenzi ngcono ii-eriyali; benza ukuba ingqikelelo ye-eriyali ethile iphelelwe lixesha.

Kumashishini alawula imisebenzi entsonkothileyo kwiindawo ezininzi, umaleko wonxibelelwano ukholisa ukungabonakali kodwa ukuxhomekeka okubalulekileyo. Iiplatforms ezifanaMewayz, ezidibanisa iimodyuli zokusebenza ze-207 - ukusuka kwi-CRM kunye ne-invoyisi ukuya kulawulo lwezithuthi kunye nokulungelelaniswa kweqela - kwi-OS yeshishini elilodwa, sele ibonise ixabiso lokudibanisa iinkqubo eziqhekezayo. Njengoko itekhnoloji ye-quantum sensing ikhula kwaye yenza ukuba kube bhetyebhetye ngakumbi, ihardware yonxibelelwano eyomelela, amaqonga esoftware ahlanganisa imisebenzi yeshishini aya kuba namandla ngakumbi. Yiba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni weenkqubo zolawulo lwezithuthi ezigcina uqhagamshelo kulo naliphi na ibhendi yefrikhwensi, okanye amaqela enkonzo yasentsimini anxibelelana nawo ngokuzenzekelayo alungelelanise iimeko zespectrum zendawo - umqolo wokusebenza obonelelwa ngamaqonga adibeneyo kuya kuba yimfuneko ekusebenziseni oko bhetyebhetye.

Ithuba lokuJonga iSpectrum

Enye yexesha elikufutshane lesicelo apho abamkeli baseRydberg banokubona ukwamkelwa okukhawulezileyo kukubeka iliso kunye nolawulo lwe-spectrum. Oorhulumente kunye namaqumrhu alawulayo afana neFCC bachitha iibhiliyoni ngonyaka behlola ukusetyenziswa kwe-radio spectrum, ukukhangela usasazo olungagunyaziswanga, kunye nokulawula ulwabiwo lwamaza. Ukubeka iliso kwangoku kufuna uluhlu lwee-eriyali ezahlukeneyo kunye nabamkeli ukuvala i-spectrum epheleleyo - indlela ebiza kakhulu, yokugcina-inzima.

Isivamvo se-athom enye yaseRydberg inokungena endaweni yefama ye-eriyali iyonke, iskena ukusuka kwi-HF ngee-microwave frequencies ngesixhobo esilingana ne-thermos yekofu. Ubume bokuzilungelelanisa ngokwemilinganiselo yeathom buthetha ukuba ezi zivamvo ziyakubonelela ngemilinganiselo elandelekayo ngokusemthethweni ngaphandle kwemijikelo yolungelelwaniso lwamaxesha ngamaxesha olufunwa sisixhobo sangoku - inkqubo ethatha ngoku izikhululo zokubeka iliso ngaphandle kweintanethi kangangeentsuku ngonyaka ngamnye.

Kumashishini asebenza kwiindawo ezilawulwayo — ii-ISPs ezingenazingcingo, iinkampani zabucala ze-LTE zenethiwekhi, iinkampani zothutho ezisebenzisa amaza erediyo anelayisensi — obu bugcisa bunokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokuthobela. Ukujongwa kwe-spectrum okuzenzekelayo okudityaniswe namaqonga okusebenza kunokudwelisa imiba yokuphazamiseka ngexesha langempela, ukulungelelanisa ukuphazamiseka konxibelelwano kunye nedatha yempembelelo yezoshishino elandelwayo kwiinkqubo ezifana Mewayz ukulinganisa ixabiso lokwenene leengxaki ze-spectrum kunye nokubeka phambili isisombululo.

Kwenzeka Ntoni Ngokulandelayo: Uluhlu Lwexesha LwabaFundi be-Quantum

Ngokusekwe kwiindlela zophando lwangoku kunye namanqanaba otyalo-mali, abakhi-mkhanyo boshishino bacebisa ixesha elirhabaxa lokurhweba ngabamkeli baseRydberg. Kwisithuba seminyaka emi-2-3, usetyenziso olukhethekileyo kuhlolo lwe-spectrum kunye nomlinganiselo wenzululwazi kunokwenzeka ukuba zifikelele kwimarike. Izicelo zomkhosi kunye nezokhuselo, apho ubukhulu, ubunzima, kunye neenzuzo zamandla zithethelela iindleko zeprimiyamu, zinokubona ukusasazwa kwentsimi ngexesha elifanayo. Abathengi kunye nezicelo zorhwebo ngokubanzi zingaphaya - mhlawumbi iminyaka eyi-7-10 - kulindelwe impumelelo kwi-laser miniaturization kunye nokunciphisa iindleko.

Ukungqamana nobunye ubuchwepheshe bequantum kuyafundisa. Iiwotshi zeathom zilandele umkhondo ofanayo: ukusuka kwizixhobo zaselabhoratri ezinobungakanani begumbi ngeminyaka yee-1950 ukuya kwizixhobo ze-chip-scale ezifumaneka ngaphantsi kwe-1,500 yeedola namhlanje. Inqaku eliphambili le-inflection lafika xa amacandelo e-photonic axhasayo-i-lasers, i-detectors, kunye ne-optical elements-yaye yaveliswa kwinqanaba. Kwabamkeli baseRydberg, loo ndawo yokuguquguquka isondela njengoko ifotonics ehlanganisiweyo ikhula kunye ne-laser-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) ifikelela kubude obufunekayo kunye nozinzo.

Kumashishini acinga phambili, i-takeaway ayikulinda ukuba kufike abamkeli be-quantum. Kukwakha iziseko zokusebenza - amaqonga amanyeneyo, ulwakhiwo lwedatha oluguquguqukayo, ukuhanjiswa komsebenzi wonxibelelwano oludibeneyo - olunokuthi lufunxe kwaye lusebenzise itekhnoloji yenguqu njengoko ivela. Imibutho eye yasokola kakhulu ngenguqu yedijithali yayingeyiyo leyo inezixhobo ezindala; yayingabo baneenkqubo zesoftware eziqhekekayo ezingakwaziyo ukuziqhelanisa. Ukwakha kwiqonga elidityanisiweyo lokusebenza namhlanje, nokuba ulawula abasebenzi aba-5 okanye abangama-5,000, kudala isiseko sokwenza imali kuyo nayiphi na into eyenziwa liza lezinto ezintsha zehardware.

Owona Mfanekiso Mkhulu: Xa Iathom Zithatha Indawo yee-eriyali

Ukufunyaniswa ngempumelelo komqondiso werediyo ophathwa ngesandla kusetyenziswa iiathom zaseRydberg sisiganeko esihamba kunye namanye amaxesha xa i-quantum physics yaphuncuka elabhoratri yaza yangena kwihlabathi elisebenzayo — i-transistor yokuqala, i-laser yokuqala, isathelayithi yokuqala ye-GPS esebenzisa imigangatho yexesha leathom. Nganye kwezi teknoloji yathatha amashumi eminyaka ukusuka kumboniso ukuya kwindawo yonke, kodwa imveliso nganye ekugqibeleni yatshintsha ngendlela abangazange baqikelele ngayo abaqambi balo.

Unxibelelwano ngonomathotholo lushishino lwehlabathi jikelele lwe-$45 yebhiliyoni ethe yasebenza ngokwesiseko semithetho-siseko efanayo ukususela ekugqithiseni uMarconi okokuqala ngo-1901. Umamkeli weathom yaseRydberg akaphindaphindi loo migaqo - ithatha indawo yayo ngento ethathwe kwicandelo elahluke ngokupheleleyo lefiziksi. Kumashishini, iinjineli, kunye neengcali zetekhnoloji, umqondiso osuka kulo msakazo uphathwa ngesandla ayisosandi nje. Ngumyalezo ocacileyo, ongaphazamisiyo wokuba ikamva lee-electromagnetic sensing kunye nonxibelelwano yi-atomic, kwaye imibutho ekwindawo engcono yokuxhamla iya kuba yileyo sele isebenza kumaqonga abhetyebhetye ngokwaneleyo ukuba avele ngobuchwephesha.