unikezelo lwefonti ukusuka kwiMigaqo yokuQala

Unikezelo lwefonti yinkqubo apho ikhompyutha iguqula inkcazo yezibalo engabonakaliyo yeefomu zoonobumba zibe crisp, iipixels ezifundekayo ozibona kwiscreen. Nokuba wakha uphawu lwesazisi, uyila ideshibhodi ejongene nomxumi, okanye ukhetha ngokulula ubuso bochwethezo kwiprojekthi yakho elandelayo, ukuqonda ukuba iifonti zinikezela njani na kukunika umda ogqibeleleyo ekudaleni amava edijithali aphuculiweyo.

Kumashishini ayi-138,000+ aqhuba imisebenzi ngamaqonga afana ne-Mewayz, ukuchwetheza akuhombisi — sisakhiwo. Yonke i-invoyisi, ingxelo, kunye nendawo yokuchukumisa umthengi ixhomekeke kumbhalo onikezela ngokucocekileyo kuzo zonke izixhobo. Masicalule indlela osebenza ngayo unikezelo lwefonti, ukusuka kulwandlalo olungakrwada ukuya kwiipikseli zokugqibela.

Kwenzeka ntoni phakathi kweFayile yefonti kunye nescreen sakho?

Ifayile yomgca ayigcini imifanekiso yoonobumba. Endaweni yoko, igcina imathematika - iigophe zeBézier ezichaza imilo yeglyph nganye. Xa inkqubo yakho yokusebenza okanye isikhangeli sidinga ukubonisa okubhaliweyo, kuqhuba umbhobho onamanqanaba amaninzi okuguqula ezo jiko zingabonakaliyo zibe yigridi yeepikseli ezinemibala. Lo mbhobho uhleli ungaguquguquki ukususela kwiintsuku zokuqala zokupapashwa kwedesktop, nangona ubuchule bukhule kakhulu.

Amanqanaba angundoqo aqukaukwandiswa kwenkcazo, apho iindlela ze-vector zilinganiswe kwisisombululo esijoliswe kuyo; ukufakwa kwegridi (ekwabizwa ngokuba yihinting), apho ulwandlalo luhlengahlengiswa ngobuchule ukuze lulungelelaniswe negridi yepixel; rasterization, apho uhlengahlengiso olulungisiweyo luzaliswe ukuvelisa i-bitmap; kunye ne-anti-aliasing, apho ii-pixels ezigqunyiweyo ngokungagqibelelanga zifumana amaxabiso ombala aphakathi ukuya kwincam ezigudileyo.

Inqanaba ngalinye lazisa urhwebo phakathi kokuchaneka kwezibalo kunye nokucaca kwengqondo. Ulwandlalo olulinganiswe ngokugqibeleleyo lunokuthi luhlale phakathi kwemida yepikseli, luvelisa imiphetho emfiliba. Ukufakwa kwegridi kuyayicombulula le nto kodwa kunokugqwetha iifomu zoonobumba. Lonke uqeqesho lonikezelo lwefonti luthethathethwano phakathi kwenyaniso yejometri kunye nembono yomntu.

Kutheni ifonti efanayo ijongeka yahlukile kwisixhobo ngasinye?

Ukuba ukhe waqaphela ukuba i-typeface ibonakala ibukhali kwi-MacBook yakho kodwa inzima kancinci kumatshini weWindows, uye wadibana neyantlukwano ekunikezeni ifilosofi. Umnikezeli wombhalo ongundoqo we-Apple ubeka phambili ukuthembeka kuyilo lohlobo lohlobo lokuqala, ukugcina ubunzima be-stroke kunye nesithuba nokuba kuthetha ukuba imiphetho emfiliba kancinane. I-Microsoft's DirectWrite (kunye neyandulelayo i-ClearType) ibeka phambili ulungelelwaniso kwigridi ye-pixel, ivelisa umbhalo obukhali ngexabiso logqweso olufihlakeleyo loyilo.

• I-Grayscale anti-aliasing — isebenzisa i-shades yegrey kwiipikseli ezijikelezileyo ukuya kwimida egudileyo; isebenza ngokufanayo kuzo zonke iindidi zokubonisa
• Unikezelo lwe-Subpixel — isebenzisa i-subpixel ebomvu, eluhlaza, kunye nobeko lwe-subpixel yepaneli ze-LCD kwisisombululo esisebenzayo esiphindwe kathathu esithe tye
• Ihinting eguquguqukayo — Iifonti ze-TrueType zinokuzinzisa imiyalelo elungelelanisa ulwandlalo ngesandla ngokobukhulu obuthile, ukunika abayili bodidi ulawulo lwepixel nganye
• Iindawo ezisayiniweyo zomgama (SDF) - ubuchule be-GPU-friendly esetyenziswa ngakumbi kwiinjini zemidlalo kunye nezicelo zeWebGL, apho iimilo zeglyph zifakwe ngekhowudi njengeemephu zomgama wonikezelo oluzimeleyo kwisisombululo
• Okukhethwayo kokugudiswa kwefonti yenqanaba lenkqubo — umsebenzisi kunye noseto lwe-OS olugqitha unikezelo lwenqanaba lesicelo, lidala omnye umaleko wokuguquguquka

Olu lwahlulo yiyo kanye loo nto amashishini asebenza kuwo onke amaqonga efuna iinkqubo zoyilo ezingaguqukiyo. Xa ii-invoyisi zakho, izindululo, kunye needashbhodi ziveliswa nge-OS yeshishini eliphakathi, ufumana ulawulo lokungaguquguquki kochwethezo olunokufuna i-QA yesandla kuso sonke isixhobo.

Indlela Unikezelo Lwefonti Yavela Njani Ukutyhubela Ishumi Leminyaka?

Imbali yonikezelo lwefonti ilanda imbali yetekhnoloji yokubonisa ngokwayo. Ngeminyaka yoo-1970 kunye no-1980, iifonti ze-bitmap zazilawula - umlinganiswa ngamnye wayeyigridi yepixels ezotywe ngesandla kubungakanani obumiselweyo. Ukwaziswa kwePostScript ngu-Adobe ngo-1984 kwazisa ulwandlalo olunokwehla kwikhompuyutha eqhelekileyo, kwaye ifomathi ye-Apple's TrueType (1991) yenza idemokhrasi yohlobo oluphezulu lokuchwetheza ngokufaka imiyalelo yokunikezela ngokuthe ngqo kwiifayile zefonti.

"Unikezelo lwefonti yenye yeendawo ezimbalwa kwikhompyutha apho ukuchaneka kwengqondo kubaluleke ngaphezu kokuchaneka kwezibalo. Unikezelo oluchaneke ngokobuchule olujongeka mfiliba aluphumelelanga; unikezelo olugqwethekileyo kancinane olujongeka crispy luphumelele."

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Embindini we-2000s yeza i-subpixel yonikezelo kwi-mainstream ngokusebenzisa i-Microsoft's ClearType, eyaguqula izikrini ze-LCD. Namhlanje, umda utshintshile kwakhona: i-DPI ephezulu (i-Retina) ibonise amaqhinga amaninzi kunye ne-subpixel ayimfuneko kuba igridi ye-pixel ilungile ngokwaneleyo ukuba isikali esiluhlaza sibukeka sicocekile ngaphandle kokungenelela. Iifonti eziguquguqukayo, eziveliswe nge-OpenType 1.8, zivumela ifayile enye ukuba iqulathe isithuba soyilo siphela sobunzima, ububanzi, kunye nezimbo — ukunciphisa amaxesha omthwalo kwaye inike abaqulunqi ulawulo oluqhubekayo kwimbonakalo yokuchwetheza.

Kuthetha ukuthini unikezelo lwefonti kuShishino lwale mihla?

Uchwethezo lusenokubonakala luyinkxalabo yoyilo, kodwa lunempembelelo yoshishino olunokumetwa. Uphando lubonisa ukuba isicatshulwa esifundekayo, esiguqulelwe kakuhle sonyusa ukuqonda, ukuthembana, kunye nexesha ephepheni. Kumashishini alawula unxibelelwano lwabathengi, amaxwebhu angaphakathi, kunye nengxelo yezemali kuzo zonke iimodyuli ezihlanganisiweyo ze-Mewayz ezingama-207, isiqwengana ngasinye sombhalo onikezelweyo luphawu lophawu.

Iifonti ezibonelelwe kakubi kwiiPDF ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, ukuchwetheza ngendlela engafanelekanga kuwo wonke amaqonga, kunye nokungahambelani kwezithuba zemigca kwiingxelo ezizenzekelayo zonke zonakalisa ubungcali. Indlela edibeneyo yeqonga - apho iitemplates, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, kunye namaxwebhu ajongene nomthengi abelana ngenkqubo enye yokuchwetheza - isusa oku kungahambelani ngaphandle kokufuna ukuba ilungu ngalinye leqela liqonde iitafile ze-kerning kunye nemiyalelo yokucebisa.

Kuphi unikezelo lwefonti ngokulandelayo?

Iintsingiselo ezininzi ziyaguqulela ukuyila kwakhona indlela umbhalo ofikelela ngayo kwizikrini. Iifonti ezinemibala (usebenzisa iSVG, COLR, okanye iitafile ze-CBD) zizisa imibala emininzi kunye neeglyphs ezinopopayi kumbhobho wefonti osemgangathweni. Ingcebiso encediswa yi-AI iqalisa ukwenza into ebikade ibuhlungu ngumsebenzi wezandla ngabayili bohlobo. Kwaye njengoko inyani eyandisiweyo kunye nesithuba sekhompuyutha evuthiweyo, unikezelo lwefonti luya kufuna ukusombulula iingxaki ezintsha ngokupheleleyo - ukuboniswa kwesicatshulwa esifundekayo kumphezulu ogobileyo, iimeko zokukhanya ezahlukeneyo, kunye nesithuba esine-dimensional ezintathu.

Kumashishini, into eyenzekayo kukuba ubunzima bokuchwetheza buyanda, kwaye ixabiso lolawulo olusembindini kunikezelo lombhalo liyakhula ngokunxuseneyo.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Kutheni iifonti zam zikhangeleka zimfiliba kwizikrini ezithile?

Unikezelo lwefonti emfiliba ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka xa ulwandlalo lweglyph luwela phakathi kwemida ye-pixel kwaye injini yonikezelo isebenzisa isichasi-aaasing esinzima ukubuyisela. Izikrini ze-Low-DPI zichaphazeleka ngakumbi. Ukukhetha iifonti eziphawulwe kakuhle, ukwenza ifonti igudiswe kwinqanaba lenkqubo, kunye novavanyo kuzo zonke izixhobo ekujoliswe kuzo zezona zonyango zisebenzayo.

Nguwuphi umahluko phakathi kwefonti ye-TrueType kunye ne-OpenType?

Iifonti zeTrueType zisebenzisa i-quadratic Bézier curves kwaye inokuquka imiyalelo ehinting ehlonyelweyo yolawulo oluchanekileyo lwe-pixel-grid. I-OpenType yifomathi eseti ephezulu exhasa zombini iTrueType kunye nePostScript (cubic Bézier) ulwandlalo, kunye neempawu zokuchwetheza eziphucukileyo ezinjengee-ligatures, iialternates zesimbo, kunye neefonti eziguquguqukayo. Kusetyenziso lwangoku, i-OpenType isemgangathweni.

Ndingaqinisekisa njani ukuba unikezelo lwefonti kuwo wonke amaxwebhu eshishini lam?

Eyona ndlela inokuthenjwa kukubeka embindini ukuveliswa kwamaxwebhu ngeqonga elilawula umbhobho wonikezelo - ukubethelela iifonti kwiiPDF, ukulungelelanisa izitaki zefonti zeCSS zemveliso yewebhu, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yetemplate ekwabelwana ngayo. Le yenye yeenzuzo eziphambili zokuqhuba imisebenzi nge-OS yeshishini elihlanganisiweyo kunokuba kudityaniswe izixhobo ezahlukeneyo.

Ukuqhuba ishishini kuthetha ukuqhuba ngokubhaliweyo — izindululo, izivumelwano, iideshibhodi, iingxelo, nalo lonke unxibelelwano phakathi. Ukuba ukulungele ukumisa imisebenzi yakho embindini kwaye uqinisekise ukuba uxwebhu ngalunye lukhangeleka njengobuchwephesha njengoko umsebenzi wakho ufanelekile, qalisa ulingo lwakho lwasimahla lweMewayz namhlanje kwaye ubone ukuba iimodyuli ezihlanganisiweyo ezingama-207 zinokukwenzela ntoni ukuhamba kwakho komsebenzi.