Coccinelle: Isixhobo seNguqu se-Linux Kernel sikaMthombo

I-Coccinelle sisixhobo soguqulo esinamandla somthombo-kwimithombo eyilelwe ekuqaleni ukwenza utshintsho olukhulu kuyo yonke i-Linux kernel codebase. Isebenzisa i-domain-specific language ebizwa ngokuba yi-SmPL (Semantic Patch Language) ukuvakalisa iipatheni zekhowudi kunye nokuguqulwa, okwenza abaphuhlisi bafumane kwaye balungise iziphene, ukuhlaziya ii-APIs eziyehliweyo, kunye ne-refactor yezigidi zemigca yekhowudi ye-C ngokuchanekileyo ngotyando.

Yintoni iCoccinelle kwaye Kutheni iLinux Kernel iyifuna?

I-Linux kernel yenye yeeprojekthi ezinkulu zesoftware ehlangeneyo kwimbali, equlathe ngaphezulu kwe 30 yezigidi zemigca yekhowudi enikezelwe ngamawaka abaphuhlisi. Xa i-API yangaphakathi itshintsha okanye ipateni yebug ifunyanwa, ukuhlaziya ngesandla zonke iifayile ezichaphazelekayo ayidindi nje - akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokwazisa iimpazamo ezintsha. Le yeyona ngxaki iCoccinelle yakhelwe ukuyisombulula.

Ephuhliswe ngabaphandi base-Inria kunye neYunivesithi yaseCopenhagen, i-Coccinelle ivumela abagcini be-kernel ukuba babhale iipatches ze-semantic - imigaqo emfutshane echaza zombini ikhowudi yekhowudi ukufanisa kunye nokuguqulwa kokusetyenziswa. Ngokungafaniyo nophendlo lwesicatshulwa esicacileyo-kunye- endaweni okanye amabinzana aqhelekileyo, uCoccinelle uyayiqonda i-C syntax kunye nesemantics. Iyakwazi ukungqamanisa ikhowudi nokuba ithini na indawo emhlophe, ukunikwa kwamagama okuguquguqukayo, okanye umahluko omncinane kulwakhiwo, oko kuyenza ithembeke ngakumbi kumlinganiselo omkhulu wokuphinda wenze into ezenzekelayo.

Ukusukela oko yaziswa, i-Coccinelle ibe noxanduva lokuzibophelela ngamawaka kwi-Linux kernel, kwaye ukudityaniswa kwayo kuphuhliso lokuhamba kwekernel kuyenze yaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-ecosystem.

Isebenza Njani i-SmPL (uLwimi lwePatch yeSemantic)?

Embindini we-Coccinelle yi-SmPL, ubhalo olufana nesiqwenga oluvumela abaphuhlisi baveze iinguqu ngendlela eziva iqhelekile. I-patch ye-semantic ibonakala ifana ne-diff edibeneyo, isebenzisa - ukuphawula ikhowudi emele isuswe kwaye + ukubonisa ukuba yintoni emayithathe indawo yayo. Nangona kunjalo, i-SmPL isebenza kumgangatho womthi we-syntax we-abstract kunokuba kumbhalo okrwada.

Umzekelo, ukuba ikernel iyalahlisa umsebenzi onje kmalloc edityaniswe ne memset ngokuthanda kzalloc, umphuhlisi angabhala umgaqo omfutshane we-SmPL ohambelana nawo wonke umzekelo wepatheni yakudala kuyo yonke ikhowudi yekhowudi kwaye ayibuyisele ngokuzenzekelayo. Umthetho ubala iiyantlukwano ngolandelelwano lwengxoxo, iindidi zesalathisi, kunye nomxholo osingqongileyo — into engekhoyo inkcazo eqhelekileyo enokuyiphatha ngokuthembekileyo.

"I-Coccinelle ayifumani nje ukuhambelana kwesicatshulwa - iyasiqonda isakhiwo sekhowudi. Olu lwazi lwesemantic lukwenza ukuba lukwazi ukwenza utshintsho kwizigidi zemigca yekhowudi ngaphandle kokwazisa ukuhlehla, i-feat eyahlula kuyo yonke i-generic find-and-replace tool. "

I-SmPL ikwaxhasa i-metavariables, esebenza njenge-wildcards enokuthi ifanise nayiphi na inkcazo, isichongi, okanye uhlobo. Oku kwenza ukuba imithetho isebenziseke kwakhona kwaye ilungelelaniswe neepateni ezivela kwiimo ezahlukileyo kancinci kwisiseko sekhowudi.

Ngawaphi awona matyala aqhelekileyo okusetyenziswa kwe-Coccinelle?

I-Coccinelle's versatility idlulela ngaphaya komfuduko olula we-API. Abaphuhlisi beKernel nabagcini baxhomekeke kuyo kuluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi ebinokuthi itye ixesha elininzi nengqalelo.

• i-API evolution: Xa utyikityo lomsebenzi lutshintsha okanye ii-wrappers zaziswa, i-Coccinelle inokuhlaziya indawo nganye yokufowuna ngokuzenzekelayo, iqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwiinkqubo ezingaphantsi.
• Ukubhaqwa kwe-bug: Imithetho ye-SmPL inokuchonga iipatheni ze-bug eziqhubekayo ezifana nokungabikho kokutshekishwa kwe-null, ukuphathwa kwemposiso engachanekanga, iimeko zokusebenzisa emva kokukhululeka, kunye nokuvuza kwezixhobo.
• Uphuculo lwekhowudi: Njengoko imigangatho yekhowudi iguquka, i-Coccinelle inceda ukufudusa iipateni zelifa ukuya kwizinto ezifanayo zale mihla - umzekelo, ukubuyisela iilophu ezisongwe ngesandla ngeemacros eziqhelekileyo.
• Ii-Collateral evolutions: Xa ilayibrari okanye i-interface yomqhubi itshintsha, yonke ikhowudi exhomekeke kuyo kufuneka ilungelelanise. I-Coccinelle iphatha ezi "zibambiso zenguquko" ngokusasaza utshintsho kubo bonke abathengi abasezantsi.
• Ukunyanzeliswa kwesitayela: Ngaphandle kweenguqu zokusebenza, i-Coccinelle inokunyanzelisa imimiselo yekhowudi ehambelanayo, ukunciphisa ingxolo ekuphononongweni kwekhowudi kunye nokuphucula ukufunda ngokubanzi.

Umthi womthombo wekernel weLinux uthumela ngenqanawa scripts/coccinelle/ directory enemithetho esele ilungile yeSmPL abanokuthi abaphuhlisi bayibaleke ukujonga iipetshi zabo phambi kokungeniswa.

Ingaba iCoccinelle ingasetyenziswa Ngaphandle kweLinux Kernel?

Ngelixa u-Coccinelle wazalwa kuphuhliso lwe-Linux kernel, ayiphelelanga apho kuyo. Nayiphi na i-codebase ye-C - i-firmware efakwe kwiinkqubo, izicelo ze-user-space, amacandelo enkqubo yokusebenza - inokuzuza kwi-Coccinelle's transformation capabilities. Iiprojekthi ezifana neWayini, i-OpenSSL, kunye nonikezelo lwe-BSD olwahlukeneyo luyamnkela ulwelo lwazo lokuhamba komsebenzi.

Isixhobo sikwasebenza njengesiseko sophando lwezemfundo kwi-software evolution, ukulungiswa kweprogram ezenzekelayo, kunye nohlalutyo lwe-static. Isakhono sayo sokuvakalisa iipatheni zekhowudi ezintsonkothileyo ngendlela efundekayo, echazayo iyenza ibe sisixhobo sokufundisa esigqwesileyo sokuqonda ukuba iinkqubo zesoftware ezinkulu zivela njani ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Kumaqela alawula i-codebases yelifa le-C, i-Coccinelle inokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko kunye nomngcipheko wemizamo yokuphucula. Endaweni yokunika iinjineli ukuba ziphicothe ngesandla kwaye zihlaziye amawaka eefayile, isiqwengana sesemantic esenziwe kakuhle sinokufeza umsebenzi ofanayo ngemizuzu ngokuchaneka okukhulu.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Ngaba i-Coccinelle iluncedo kuphela kuhlelo lwe-C?

I-Coccinelle yayiyilelwe ngokukodwa i-C kwaye isebenza kakuhle ngeekhowudi ze-C. Kubekho izandiso zovavanyo kunye neeprojekthi zophando ezihlola inkxaso kwezinye iilwimi, kodwa isixhobo esilungele ukuvelisa sigxile kwi-C. Kumaqela asebenza kunye neenkqubo ezisekelwe kwi-C - ukusuka kwizixhobo ezifakwe kwiinkqubo zokusebenza - zihlala zisona sixhobo sisebenzayo soguqulo oluzenzekelayo olukhoyo.

Injani i-Coccinelle xa ithelekiswa nezixhobo ezifana ne-sed, i-awk, okanye i-codemod?

Izixhobo zemveli zokulungisa isicatshulwa zisebenza kwiintambo ngaphandle kokuqonda ikhowudi yesakhiwo. Abakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kwegama eliguquguqukayo kunye namagqabantshintshi aqulethe isicatshulwa esifanayo, kwaye abanako ukuphendula ngeeyantlukwano zesintaksi kwindlela ingqiqo efanayo evakaliswa ngayo. I-Coccinelle icazulula eyona khowudi ye-C kwaye isebenza kumthi wayo we-syntax, nto leyo ethetha ukuba inikezela ngezinto ezibubuxoki ezimbalwa kwaye ayize ivelise iziphumo ezaphukileyo kumgaqo obhaliweyo ngokuchanekileyo.

Ngaba abasaqalayo bangafunda ukusebenzisa iCoccinelle ngempumelelo?

Ewe, nangona kukho ijiko lokufunda. Ulwimi lwe-SmPL lwenziwe ngabom ukuba lufane nediffs ezidityanisiweyo, uninzi lwabaphuhlisi sele besazi ukuba lufundwa njani. Amaxwebhu eCoccinelle abonelela ngemizekelo emininzi ukusuka kwiinguqu ezilula ukuya kwimibhalo entsonkothileyo yemithetho emininzi. Abaninzi abafikayo baqala ngokufunda imigaqo esele ikho kwi scripts/coccinelle/ yeLinux kernel kwaye bayilungise ngokwezidingo zabo.

Yenza iMisebenzi Yakho Yeshishini

Kanye njengokuba i-Coccinelle izenza ngokuzenzekelayo iinguqu ezintsonkothileyo kuzo zonke iziseko zekhowudi, iqonga leshishini elilungileyo lizenza ngokuzenzekelayo ukuhamba komsebenzi kuyo yonke intlangano yakho. I-Mewayz izisa iimodyuli ezidibeneyo ze-207 - ukusuka kulawulo lweprojekthi kunye ne-CRM ukuya kwi-invoyisi kunye ne-HR - kwinkqubo enye yokusebenza yeshishini lakho. Endaweni yokuhlanganisa izixhobo ezininzi ezingadityaniswanga, ufumana iqonga elimanyeneyo elithenjwe ngabasebenzisi abangaphezu kwe-138,000. Izicwangciso ziqala kwi-$19/ngenyanga nje. Qala isilingo sakho sasimahla kwi-app.mewayz.com kwaye uzive ukuba kuthetha ukuthini ukuqhuba ishishini lakho ku-autopilot.