Ithiyori kaBourdieu yokungcamla: abrégé ekhalazayo (2023)

Inkunzi: Imali yeNdawo yeNtlalo

Ukungcamla akuyonto oyithandayo kuphela; luhlobo lwemali. I-Bourdieu ichonge iindlela ezininzi zenkunzi ezifunyanwa ngabantu kunye namaqela:

• Inkunzi yoQoqosho: Izibonelelo zemali kunye nempahla.
• Inkunzi yeNkcubeko: Ulwazi, izakhono, imfundo, kunye nokuqhelana neempahla zenkcubeko (umzekelo, ukwazi iwayini elimnandi, ukuqonda ubugcisa bale mihla).
• Social Capital: Networks of influence and relationships.
• Inkunzi enguMfanekiso: Iwonga, imbeko, kunye nokuba semthethweni.

Ezi zakhiwo ziyakwazi ukuguqulwa kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukuseka nokugcina isikhundla kwibala lentlalontle. Uphawu lwenkampani, umzekelo, luhlobo lwenkunzi engumfuziselo. "Ukungcamla" umboniso weshishini-kwi-design yayo yeofisi, ulwimi lwayo lokuthengisa, ubuhle bayo bemveliso-kukusasazwa kobuchule kwenkunzi eyilelwe ukutsala umxhasi othile, ukoyikisa abakhuphisana, kunye nokubonisa indawo yayo kwimarike. Isazisi sophawu olungahlanganiyo, ke ngoko, kufana nokuba nemali ebuthathaka; iyasilela ukunxibelelana ngesikhundla esicacileyo nesixabisekileyo.

Ukwahlula kunye nedabi ebaleni

Injongo ephambili yokunambitha, kuBourdieu,ukwahlukana-isenzo sokuzahlula kwamanye amaqela oluntu. Ukungcamla sisixhobo kumzabalazo ongaguqukiyo, ozolileyo wodidi. Iklasi eveleleyo ichaza "incasa elungileyo" (umzekelo, uyilo oluncinci, ukutya okucokisekileyo) njengento esemthethweni kunye nendalo, ngelixa i-tastes yezinye iiklasi zihlala zichithwa njenge "vulgar" okanye "eziqhelekileyo." Oku kudala uluhlu lwemigangatho. Amashishini ahlala ebandakanyeka kweli dabi lokwahlula. Bamele bajonge imigaqo emiselweyo yoshishino lwabo 'intsimi' ngelixa ngaxeshanye bezama ukusungula izinto ezintsha okanye ukucacisa kwakhona oko kugqalwa njengexabiso. Ukuzama ukuqalisa imveliso ephazamisayo ngaphandle kokuqonda i-hierarchies ekhoyo kunye neekhowudi zenkcubeko yemarike yakho ekujoliswe kuyo yindlela yokusilela. Awuthengisi nje imveliso; ubandakanyeka kumzabalazo womfuziselo wokuba semthethweni.

"Incasa iyahlela, kwaye ihlela umdidi." — Pierre Bourdieu, Distinction

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Ukusuka kwithiyori ukuya kuQeqesho: I-Orchestrating Taste nge-Mewayz

Ke, ishishini lihamba njani ekuqondeni la mandla angabonakaliyo asekuhlaleni ukuya ekulawuleni ngempumelelo? Isiphithiphithi sokuthanda okungahambelaniyo-apho ukuthengisa, ukuthengisa, imveliso, kunye nokusebenza zonke zitsala kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo ngokusekwe kwindawo yazo engachazwanga-yingozi enkulu yokusebenza. Apha kulapho ishishini lemodyuli ye-OS efana neMewayz iba baluleke kakhulu. IMewayz ibonelela ngesakhelo sokulungelelanisa kunye nokulungelelanisa "incasa" yenkampani yakho. Ngokudala i-hub ephakathi kwiinjongo, iinkqubo, kunye nonxibelelwano, kunceda ukwakha ubumbanoindawo yokuhlala yentlangano. Xa iqela lakho lonke lisebenza kwinkqubo yokuqonda ekwabelwana ngayo kunye nombono ocacileyo weqhinga, ukuthunyelwa kwenkunzi yenkampani yakho yezoqoqosho, yenkcubeko, kunye neyomfuziselo iba nenjongo kwaye inamandla. I-Mewayz ayikuncedi nje ukulawula imisebenzi; ikunceda ukuba ulungelelanise indawo yakho kukhuphiswano, uqinisekise ukuba yonke indawo yeshishini lakho inegalelo kubukho obahlukileyo nobusemthethweni bemarike.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Ithiyori ka-Bourdieu yokungcamla: i-grumbling abrégé

Kwilizwe leshishini, sihlala sithetha ngeqhinga, ukuthengisa, kunye nemisebenzi ngokungathi zikho kwindawo engenanto. Siyalibala ukuba isigqibo ngasinye, ukusuka ekuqalisweni kwemveliso ukuya kuhlengahlengiso lophawu, sihluzwa kumanzi amdaka okuqonda komntu kunye nokugwetywa kwezentlalo. Kulapho umsebenzi wesazi ngentlalo yabantu saseFransi uPierre Bourdieu ungabalulekanga nje, kodwa ubalulekile. Ithiyori yakhe yokungcamla, ethiwe thaca kwincwadi yakhe ebalaseleyo ethi *Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste*, ingaphezulu lee kunencwadi yemfundo engokuxatyiswa kobugcisa. Sisakhelo esinamandla sokuqonda imithetho engabonakaliyo elawula ubomi bentlalo, kuquka imarike. Eli nqaku linika i-‘grumbling abrégé’—isishwankathelo esikrokrisayo—seengcamango zikaBourdieu, ukukhalaza ngenxa yokuba ukuntsonkotha kwazo kuphikisana nokulula, kodwa kuyimfuneko ngenxa yokuba ukuqonda kwazo kuxabiseke kakhulu kumashishini anamhlanje ukuba angahoyi.

Inkolelo yeNcasa yeNdalo kunye neNgcaciso ye-Habitus

Isibetho sikaBourdieu sokuqala sichasene nenkolelo eyendele nzulu yokuba incasa sisipho esizalwa naso. Sithanda ukucinga ukuba izinto esizikhethayo kumculo othile, ukutya, okanye uyilo luthile kuphela. UBourdieu waxoxa ukuba le yinkohliso. Endaweni yoko, izinto esizithandayo ubukhulu becala ziphenjelelwa yindlela esiziqhelisa ngayo—inkqubo yokuqina, isimilo esimiliselweyo, iimbono, neendlela zokucinga esizifumana ngokukhuliswa kwethu nangendlela yokuphila. Isiqhelo sakho "yimvakalelo yakho yomdlalo," ukuqonda okungaphantsi kwehlabathi lentlalontle elikhokela ukhetho lwakho kunye nezenzo. Icacisa ukuba kutheni ukhetho oluthile lobuhle okanye olucwangcisiweyo luziva "lulungile" okanye "lucacile" kwiqela elinye, ngelixa lubonakala lungaqhelekanga okanye lunzima kwelinye. Kwishishini, ukuqonda ukuba amaqela asebenza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo linyathelo lokuqala lokuvala izikhewu zonxibelelwano kunye nokwakha isicwangciso esibambene ngakumbi.

Inkunzi: Imali yeNdawo yeNtlalo

Ukungcamla akuyonto oyithandayo kuphela; luhlobo lwemali. I-Bourdieu ichonge iindlela ezininzi zenkunzi ezifunyanwa ngabantu kunye namaqela:

Ukwahlula kunye neDabi eNsimini

Injongo ephambili yokunambitha, ku-Bourdieu, ukuhlukana-isenzo sokuzahlula kwamanye amaqela oluntu. Ukungcamla sisixhobo kumzabalazo ongaguqukiyo, ozolileyo wodidi. Iklasi eveleleyo ichaza "incasa elungileyo" (umzekelo, uyilo oluncinci, ukutya okucokisekileyo) njengento esemthethweni kunye nendalo, ngelixa i-tastes yezinye iiklasi zihlala zichithwa njenge "vulgar" okanye "eziqhelekileyo." Oku kudala uluhlu lwemigangatho. Amashishini ahlala ebandakanyeka kweli dabi lokwahlula. Bamele bajonge imigaqo emiselweyo yoshishino lwabo 'intsimi' ngelixa ngaxeshanye bezama ukusungula izinto ezintsha okanye ukucacisa kwakhona oko kugqalwa njengexabiso. Ukuzama ukuqalisa imveliso ephazamisayo ngaphandle kokuqonda i-hierarchies ekhoyo kunye neekhowudi zenkcubeko yemarike yakho ekujoliswe kuyo yindlela yokusilela. Awuthengisi nje imveliso; ubandakanyeka kumzabalazo womfuziselo wokuba semthethweni.

Ukusuka kwithiyori ukuya kuQeqesha: UkuThengisa iTaste ngeMewayz

Ke, ishishini lihamba njani ekuqondeni la mandla angabonakaliyo asekuhlaleni ukuya ekulawuleni ngempumelelo? Isiphithiphithi sokuthanda okungahambelaniyo-apho ukuthengisa, ukuthengisa, imveliso, kunye nokusebenza zonke zitsala kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo ngokusekwe kwindawo yazo engachazwanga-yingozi enkulu yokusebenza. Apha kulapho ishishini lemodyuli ye-OS efana neMewayz iba baluleke kakhulu. IMewayz ibonelela ngesakhelo sokulungelelanisa kunye nokulungelelanisa "incasa" yenkampani yakho. Ngokwenza i-hub esembindini yeenjongo, iinkqubo, kunye nonxibelelwano, inceda ukwakha indawo yokuhlala edibeneyo. Xa iqela lakho lonke lisebenza kwinkqubo yokuqonda ekwabelwana ngayo kunye nombono ocacileyo weqhinga, ukuthunyelwa kwenkunzi yenkampani yakho yezoqoqosho, yenkcubeko, kunye neyomfuziselo iba nenjongo kwaye inamandla. I-Mewayz ayikuncedi nje ukulawula imisebenzi; ikunceda ukuba ulungelelanise indawo yakho kukhuphiswano, uqinisekise ukuba yonke indawo yeshishini lakho inegalelo kubukho obahlukileyo nobusemthethweni bemarike.