UMmangaliso weCosmic: IGalaxy eKhanya ngokumangalisayo kwi-z=14.44 eQinisekiswe nge-JWST

Izazi ngeenkwenkwezi ziqinisekise enye yezinto eziye zafunyaniswa kwi-cosmic engaqhelekanga kwixesha lethu: umnyele oqaqambileyo okwi-redshift z=14.44, ebizwa ngokuba "nguMmangaliso weCosmic," owabonwa nguJames Webb Space Telescope (JWST) njengoko wawukho nje kwiminyaka eyi-290 yezigidi emva kweBig Bang. Oku kufunyaniswayo kusisiseko kubumba ngokutsha ukuqonda kwethu indlela iminyele eyakha ngokukhawuleza ngayo kwindalo iphela kunye nemingeni ekhoyo kwimifuziselo ye-cosmological.

Yintoni kanye kanye iGalaxy "yeCosmic Miracle" efunyenwe yiJWST?

Umnyele, obhalwe ngokusesikweni njenge-JWST-z14-CM, uye wafumana igama lesiqhulo esimangalisayo kuba ukuqaqamba kwawo kungaphezulu lee koko kuqikelelwa imifuziselo yeminyele ngelo xesha. Kwi-redshift ye-z=14.44, siqwalasela lo mnyele njengoko wawuvelayo xa indalo iphela yayingaphantsi kwe-2% yeminyaka yayo yangoku - malunga ne-290 yezigidi zeminyaka emva kweBig Bang. Ukukhanya kwayo kugabadele kangangokuba ibalasele ngaphezu kweminyele efumaneka kwindawo ebomvu, nto leyo ethetha ukuba yayisele iqokelele intaphane yeenkwenkwezi kwinto ethi izazi ngendalo ziyigqala njengokuqhwanyaza kweliso kwindalo iphela.

I-JWST's Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) iqinisekise i-redshift ngokuzithemba okuphezulu ngokubona imigca ekhutshwayo yembonakalo eyolulelwe kwi-infrared kukwandiswa kwendawo yonke. Inkqubo yokuqinisekisa ibifuna ukupasa koqwalaselo okuninzi kunye nokuphambanisa ngedatha ye-NIRCam yefotometric, nto leyo eyenza ukuba le ibe yenye yezona zinto zingqinisiswe ngokungqongqo kwi-high-redshift ephezulu yokubhaqwa kweminyele ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.

Kutheni oluFundo lucela umngeni kwiiModeli zethu zangoku zeCosmological?

I-Standard Lambda-CDM (i-Cold Dark Matter) i-cosmology — inkqubo-sikhokelo ekhoyo yokuqonda ukwakheka kwendalo kunye ne-evolution — iqikelela ukuba iminyele ku-z>12 ifanele ukuba mincinane, ibe buthathaka, kwaye ibe kumanqanaba okuqala okwakheka. UMmangaliso weCosmic waphula olo lindelo ngokumangalisayo.

"Ubukho bomnyele oqaqambileyo, omkhulu kangaka ekuqaleni kwembali ye-cosmic akumangalisi nje - ngumngeni othe ngqo kumgca wexesha esasicinga ukuba siyawuqonda. Mhlawumbi ukubunjwa kweenkwenkwezi kwakusebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwindalo yokuqala, okanye imodeli yethu esisiseko idinga ukuhlaziywa okuphawulekayo. "

Iingcinga ezininzi ezikhuphisanayo ngoku ziyaphononongwa luluntu lwe-astrophysics. Abanye abaphandi bacebisa ukuba iminyele yangaphambili inokuba yenze iinkwenkwezi ngokusebenza ngokugqithisileyo le nto siyibonayo namhlanje - ukuguqula irhasi ibe ziinkwenkwezi ngamazinga aphantse abe yi-100%. Abanye bacebisa ukuba umsebenzi we-galactic nuclei (AGN) osebenzayo, onikwe amandla yimingxuma emnyama egqwesileyo, inokukhulisa ukukhanya okubonakalayo kwalo mnyele. Ingqikelelo yesithathu ibandakanya imifuziselo elungisiweyo emnyama evumela ukudilika kwangaphambili komxhuzulane kunye nokuhlangana ngokukhawuleza kweminyele.

Ikwazile njani i-JWST ukuQinisekisa iRekodi yoKuphula iRekhodi yeGalaxy?

Ukuqinisekisa umnyele kwi-z=14.44 asiyonto incinci. Uluhlu lwezixhobo ze-JWST lwenza oku kwenzeke ngokudityaniswa kwentelekelelo enzulu ye-photometric kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwe-spectroscopic - inkqubo enamanyathelo amabini eyahlula imithombo yokwenyani ephezulu-redshift ukusuka kwi-low-redshift interlopers enokulinganisa inkangeleko yabo.

• NIRCam Photometry: Umfanekiso okwibala elibanzi kwiibhanti zesihluzi ezininzi ichonge umnyele njengomgqatswa okwi-high-redshift ngokusekwe kumsayino wawo owahlukileyo othi "dropout" - inyamalala kwizihluzo zobude obufutshane ngenxa yokufunxa i-hydrogen.
• NIRSpec Spectroscopy: I-spectrograph isombulule imigca yokukhupha eyodwa, kubandakanywa imigca ye-Lyman-alpha kunye ne-oxygen, ifake ngokuchanekileyo i-redshift ukuya ku-z=14.44 ngokuqiniseka kwe-spectroscopic.
• Iingqwalaselo ze-MIRI: IsiXhobo se-Infrared esiPhakathi sinikezele ngedatha yefotometric eyongezelelweyo ukunyanzela ubunzima beenkwenkwezi kumnyele kunye noqikelelo lwezinga lokwakheka kwenkwenkwezi.
• Uqinisekiso lwe-Multi-Epoch: Ukuqwalaselwa kwaphindwa kwiinkqubo ezininzi ze-JWST kunye nokutshekishwa ngokuchasene nedatha ye-observatory esekelwe kumhlaba ukuphelisa iimpazamo ezicwangcisiweyo kunye nosulelo oluvela kwimithombo yangaphambili.

Lo mbhobho wokuqinisekisa wezixhobo ezininzi umele umgangatho wegolide woqinisekiso lwe-high-redshift kumnyele kwaye ubonisa isakhono esingenakuthelekiswa nanto se-JWST njengendawo enzulu yendalo iphela.

Ziziphi iimpembelelo eziBanzi ekuqondeni kwethu i-Cosmic Evolution?

Ummangaliso weCosmic asiyongxaki yodwa - ijoyina ikhathalogu ekhulayo yezinto ezifunyenweyo ze-JWST ezibonisa ngokudibeneyo ukwakheka komnyele kwindalo yangaphambili kwakunamandla kakhulu kunokuba bekuqikelelwe. Oku kuneempembelelo eziguqukayo kwi-astrophysics nakwi-cosmology.

Okokuqala, iphakamisa imibuzo malunga ne-reionization - i-epoch xa i-galaxies yangaphambili ivelisa i-ultraviolet radiation eyaneleyo ukuze i-ionize inkungu ye-hydrogen engathathi hlangothi egcwalisa i-universe encinci. Ukuba iminyele ekhanyayo efana nalo ibiqhelekile ku-z>14, inokuba idlale indima ebalaseleyo ekuguqulweni kwakhona kunendlela ebiyimodeli ngaphambili. Okwesibini, oku kufunyanisiweyo kutyhala imiqobo yethiyori ekubunjweni komngxunya omnyama omkhulu, kuba umnyele oqaqambileyo usenokubamba umngxuma omnyama osembindini okhule ngesantya esingaqhelekanga. Okwesithathu, imema ukuphononongwa kwakhona kokwakheka kwenkwenkwezi yokuqala, kuquka indima enokubakho yeenkwenkwezi zePopulation III - isizukulwana sokuqala sendalo iphela esikhulu, iinkwenkwezi ezingenazintsimbi - ekutyaleni ezi zakhiwo zangaphambili.

Lijongeka linjani ikamva loPhando lwe-JWST Emva koluFundo?

Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-JWST-z14-CM kuvula umda omtsha wokujonga. Iinkqubo zokulandelisa sele ziyilelwe ukuphonononga ubume bomnyele, i-kinematics yangaphakathi, kunye nokuphucula imichiza ngokubanzi. Iinkqubo zokujonga ixesha eziqinisekisiweyo ze-JWST ngoku zibeka phambili abaviwa abagqithisileyo ngokufanayo abachongiweyo kuphando olunzulu, ngenjongo ecacileyo yokwakha isampulu enentsingiselo z>13 yeminyele.

Iithiyori zibaleka ukuhlaziya ukulinganisa - kuquka iiprojekthi ze-IllustrisTNG kunye ne-FIRE - ukubandakanya imiqobo yokujonga ebekwe nguMmangaliso weCosmic. Iminyaka emininzi elandelayo yokusebenza kwe-JWST iya kuvelisa umfanekiso omtsha wemvumelwano wembali yamandulo yendalo ekhangeleka yahluke ngokuphawulekayo kulowo sasiwubambe kwiminyaka emihlanu eyadlulayo.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Ukude kangakanani umnyele ofunyenwe e-z=14.44?

Kwi-redshift ye-z=14.44, umnyele wawukho malunga ne-290 yezigidi zeminyaka emva kweBig Bang. Ngenxa yokwanda kwendalo yonke, umgama ohambayo ngoku umalunga nama-33 eebhiliyoni zeminyaka yokukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni, nangona siwubona njengoko wawubonakala malunga ne-13.5 yeebhiliyoni zeminyaka eyadlulayo.

Ngaba "ummangaliso weCosmic" ngowona mnyele ukude wakha waqinisekiswa?

Ukusukela ngomhla woqinisekiso, i-JWST-z14-CM imi phakathi kweminyele eqinisekisiweyo ye-spectroscopically yakha yabonwa, ikhuphisana neqaqobana lezinye izinto ezifunyenweyo ze-JWST kufutshane nomda we-z=13–14. Ugqatso lweyona mnyele uqinisekisiweyo ukude luyaqhubeka njengoko idatha ye-JWST ihlalutywa ngamaqela kwihlabathi liphela.

Kutheni i-JWST ingcono kakhulu ekufumaneni iminyele yokuqala kuneHubble?

Ubuntununtunu be-infrared be-JWST buvumela ukuba ibone ukukhanya okutshintshelwe ngokubomvu kude ngaphaya kwe-spectrum ebonakalayo - ukukhanya ukusuka kwiminyele ekude kakhulu kwaye indala kangangokuba ifike eMhlabeni njengemitha ye-infrared. Uvakalelo oluphambili lukaHubble lukwindawo yokubona kunye nekufutshane ne-UV yamaza, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ayimfamekise kakhulu iminyele eku-z>10. Indawo yesipili enkulu ye-JWST kunye nobuchwepheshe besixhobo sokubona ubuxhakaxhaka buyenza iodolo yobukhulu ikwazi ngakumbi kule nzululwazi.

Kanye njengokuba i-JWST isebenza njengenkqubo ebanzi, eyakhelwe injongo edibanisa izixhobo ezininzi ukuphumeza oko kungekho sixhobo esinye esinokuphumeza sisodwa, amashishini anamhlanje adinga iqonga elisebenza ngokulinganayo elimanyeneyo. Mewayzyi-OS yonke yeshishini elithembekileyo ngabasebenzisi abangaphezu kwe-138,000, ukuhambisa iimodyuli ezidibeneyo ze-207 - ukusuka kwi-CRM kunye nokulawulwa kweprojekthi kwi-e-commerce kunye nohlalutyo - kwiqonga elilodwa elidibeneyo eliqala kwi-$ 19 / ngenyanga kuphela. Yeka ukuthunga kunye izixhobo ezingadityanisiweyo kwaye uqalise ukusebenza ngokucacileyo nangamandla afanele ishishini lakho.

Jonga i-Mewayz kwaye uqalise ishishini lakho elidityanisiweyo lwe-OS namhlanje ku-app.mewayz.com