I-11.8M abemi be-EU bahlawula irhafu koorhulumente abangenako ukubavotela

Kuyo yonke i-European Union, i-11.8 yezigidi zabemi bahlawula irhafu yengeniso, i-VAT, kunye negalelo lezentlalo koorhulumente abangenalo ilungelo lokuvotela kunyulo lukazwelonke - i-paradox yedemokhrasi echaphazela malunga nomntu omnye kubahlali be-EU abangamashumi amathathu. Lo mcimbi uhleli ekudibaneni kwezibophelelo zezemali, ukumelwa kwezopolitiko, kunye nengxabano engekasonjululwa phakathi kolongamo lwesizwe kunye nokudityaniswa kweYurophu.

Ngoobani kanye i-11.8 yezigidi zabemi be-EU abarhafiswa ngaphandle kokumelwa kweSizwe?

Aba ngabemi be-EU abahambahambayo - abantu abasebenzise ilungelo labo leSivumelwano sokuhlala nokusebenza kwelinye ilizwe elilungu. Injineli yaseSpain esebenza eJamani, umongikazi waseRomania oqeshwe yi-NHS eIreland, umakhi wezakhiwo waseFransi wazinza eNetherlands. Phantsi kwemithetho ye-EU yenkululeko yokuhamba, banelungelo elipheleleyo lokuhlala nokusebenza naphi na kwibloc. Nangona kunjalo amalungelo ezopolitiko anikwe lilizwe labo abamba iqhaza amisa kwinqanaba likamasipala kunye nePalamente yaseYurophu. Bahlawula irhafu yengeniso yelizwe epheleleyo, baxhasa ngezimali iinkqubo zomhlalaphantsi, bafaka igalelo kukhathalelo lwempilo ngeerhafu zomvuzo - kodwa abanakuvotela iipalamente ezimisela loo maxabiso erhafu, ukuyila ezo fomula zomhlalaphantsi, okanye ukubumba olo hlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwezempilo.

Inani le-11.8 yezigidi livela kwi-Eurostat idatha yokulandelela ukuhamba kwe-intra-EU. Amazwe afana neLuxembourg (apho phantse isiqingatha sabasebenzi ingabemi be-EU abangengabo abesizwe), iBelgium, i-Ireland, ne-Austria inezona ndawo zigxininisiweyo. IJamani iyodwa ibamba ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-3 zabemi be-EU abahambahambayo. Ubume boluntu buchaphazela ulutsha, abafundileyo, nabasebenzayo kwezoqoqosho - kanye iqela elichatshazelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngumthetho wemarike yabasebenzi, umgaqo-nkqubo wezindlu, kunye nemithetho yezemali.

Kutheni i-EU ivumela lo Msantsa weDemokhrasi ukuba uqhubeleke?

Impendulo emfutshane lulawulo. Unyulo lwesizwe luhlala lunelungelo elilodwa lamazwe angamalungu phantsi koyilo lwesivumelwano sangoku, kunye nokwandisa amalungelo okuvota kubemi bexesha elide be-EU bexesha elide kuya kufuna ukuba kwenziwe ukulungiswa kwesivumelwano - inkqubo eyityhefu yezopolitiko - okanye uhlaziyo lokuzithandela olulodwa ngoorhulumente ngabanye. Amazwe ambalwa, kuquka iDenmark kunye neFinland, andise amalungelo alinganiselweyo okuvota kubahlali bexesha elide kolunye unyulo, kodwa ezi zizodwa kunokuba zibe ngumgaqo-nkqubo ohambelanayo we-EU ngokubanzi.

I-EU inika abemi abahambahambayo ilungelo lokuvota kunye nokuma kwiPalamente yaseYurophu kunyulo lonyulo loomasipala bengingqi kwilizwe labo. Oku kunentsingiselo kodwa akuphelelanga. Izigqibo zePalamente yaseYurophu zibumba ummiselo, kodwa iipalamente zelizwe zilawula irhafu ngokuthe ngqo, ulwakhiwo lwentlalontle, kunye nenkcitho ephambili elawula ngokukhawuleza ubomi bemihla ngemihla bezoqoqosho.

"Irhafu ngaphandle kokumelwa ayisosikhalazo nje sembali - yimeko yemihla ngemihla esebenzayo malunga nezigidi ezilishumi elinesibini zabemi baseYurophu abenze kanye le nto i-EU icela kubo: bashukunyisiwe, badityaniswa, banegalelo, kwaye bakhe ubomi ngaphaya kwemida."

Zithini Iziphumo Zokwenyani Zehlabathi Kubemi Abachaphazelekayo?

Iimpembelelo zezoqoqosho kunye nezengqondo. Abemi be-EU beselula banika ingxelo yokubandakanyeka kwezopolitiko okuphantsi, imvakalelo yokungazinzi koluntu, kunye nezigqibo ezicwangcisiweyo malunga nendawo yokutyala iingcambu zexesha elide ezigqwethiweyo kukungabandakanywa kwezopolitiko. Abanye babuyela kwilizwe labo ngokukhethekileyo ukuya kuvota kunyulo olubalulekileyo - isiphumo esingenangqondo esohlwaya umanyano.

• Irhafu ngaphandle kwelizwi: Abemi abahambahambayo bahlawula irhafu yengeniso encinane efanayo nabemi belizwe kodwa abanandlela yokucela umngeni kumgaqo-nkqubo wemali ngebhokisi yokuvota kwilizwe labo abahlala kulo.
• I-Pension system exposure: Igalelo kwiinkqubo zepenshini zelizwe elibamba ipenshini lenziwa kwiminyaka okanye amashumi eminyaka, kodwa oorhulumente abalawula ezo mali banyulwe liqela elingabandakanyi abo banikelayo.
• I-blindspot yomgaqo-nkqubo wezindlu nezentlalo: Umthetho wesizwe wezindlu — ulawulo lwerente, ulwabiwo lwezindlu zoluntu, izikimu zesiqinisekiso semali-mboleko — kubachaphazela ngokuthe ngqo abemi abahambahambayo abangavotiyo kumaqela aphakamisa okanye aphikisayo loo manyathelo.
• Ukucalulwa kabini kwezopolitiko: Abemi abaninzi abahambahambayo baphinda baphulukane nobudlelwane obusebenzayo nenkqubo yezopolitiko yelizwe labo emva kokungabikho ixesha elide, bedala icandelo labantu baseYurophu abangenabuzwe ngokwezopolitiko kwinqanaba likazwelonke kuwo omabini amacala.
• Ukuba sesichengeni kumthetho wabasebenzi: Ukhuseleko lwengqesho, ubuncinci bomthetho wemivuzo, kunye namalungelo emanyano yabasebenzi abekwe kwinqanaba likazwelonke ngurhulumente wengxowa-mali yabasebenzi abahambahambayo kodwa abanakuphendula ngokonyulo.

Luluphi uHlaziyo olucetywayo ukuze kulungiswe le Ntsilelo yeDemokhrasi?

IPalamente yaseYurophu iye yabiza ngokuphindaphindiweyo amazwe angamalungu ukuba andise amalungelo okuvota esizwe kubemi be-EU abahlala kwixesha elichaziweyo - ngokuqhelekileyo iminyaka emihlanu, bebonisa umda wesimo sokuhlala ngokusisigxina. INkomfa yowama-2021 ngeKamva leYurophu yasichaza ngokucacileyo esi sikhewu njengenkxalabo ephambili ephakanyiswe ngabemi kwiiphaneli zengxoxo kwilizwekazi liphela.

Izindululo zohlaziyo zisusela kunikezelo olupheleleyo kunyulo lukazwelonke emva kweminyaka emihlanu yokuhlala, ukuya kwimilinganiselo ethozamileyo efana namalungelo othethwano lwezimvo okanye iingxoxo ezisisinyanzelo zepalamente kunye nabameli babemi abahambahambayo phambi kokuba kuwiswe umthetho werhafu. Iqela le-MEPs licebise umyalelo oza kunyanzela amazwe angamalungu ukuba anike amalungelo okuvota esizwe emva kweminyaka elishumi yokuhlala engaphazanyiswa kunye negalelo lerhafu elisebenzayo - kodwa akukho mthetho ubophelelayo osele ulicimile iBhunga.

Kwinqanaba likazwelonke, iBelgium yaqwalasela - kwaye yahlala - uhlaziyo lwe-2023 oluya kuvumela abantu be-EU ukuba bavote kunyulo lwe-federal emva kweminyaka emihlanu. Umfelandawonye waseJamani uye waxoxa ngalo mbuzo ngaphandle kokuvelisa umthetho. Umqobo wezopolitiko awuguquguquki: amaqela akhoyo axhalabile malunga neebhloko zonyulo ezingalindelekanga; iintshukumo zobuzwe zenza naluphi na ulwando njengesisongelo sobungangamsha.

Njani uLawulo lweCross-Border Complexity iQhagamshela kwiZixhobo eziDingwa ziiNgcali zale mihla?

Abemi be-EU abazizigidi ezili-11.8 abahamba kule meko ngoosomashishini abangalinganiyo, abazimeleyo, abasebenzi abakude, kunye neengcali eziqhuba imisebenzi kwiindawo ezininzi. Ukulawula ukuthotyelwa, irhafu, ubudlelwane nabaxumi, kunye nemisebenzi yoshishino kwimida yemida kufuna iziseko ezingundoqo ezithe oorhulumente belizwe bacotha ukubonelela. Loo msantsa kulapho amaqonga afana neMewayz- i-207-modyuli yonke-in-one inkqubo yokusebenza yeshishini esetyenziswa ngabasebenzisi abangaphezu kwe-138,000 - ukunceda abachwephesha bahlanganise izixhobo zabo, bazenzele umthwalo wolawulo, kwaye bagxininise ekwakheni kungakhathaliseki ukuba liphi icala lomda ababiza ikhaya.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Ngaba abemi base-EU bangavota kulo naluphi na unyulo kwilizwe abalundwendweleyo?

Ewe — Umthetho weSivumelwano se-EU unika abemi be-EU abahambahambayo ilungelo lokuvota kwaye beme njengabagqatswa kunyulo loomasipala basekhaya kunye nolonyulo lwePalamente yaseYurophu kwilizwe labo lokuhlala. Nangona kunjalo, unyulo lwepalamente kazwelonke, olulawula irhafu ngokuthe ngqo kunye noninzi lomgaqo-nkqubo wentlalo, luhlala luthintelwe kubemi belizwe elibamba umkhosi. Oku kudala i-asymmetry yedemokhrasi engundoqo: unyulo olungenabuncinci bokubaluleka kwezemali luvuliwe; unyulo olumisela amaxabiso erhafu alukho.

Ngaba ukuhlawula irhafu kwilizwe apho awukwazi ukuvota akukho mthethweni okanye ukwaphulwa komthetho we-EU?

Hayi. Izivumelwano zangoku ze-EU azifuni amazwe angamalungu ukuba andise amalungelo okuvota esizwe kubemi be-EU abahlala kwamanye amazwe. Ubume bomthetho obukhoyo benziwa ngabom ukuze kulondolozwe ulawulo lonyulo lwesizwe. Le meko isemthethweni kodwa yamkelwa ngokubanzi - kubandakanywa namaziko e-EU - njengentsilelo yedemokhrasi ejongela phantsi ukulingana kwezopolitiko ukuba inkululeko yokuhamba yayijoliswe ukuqhubela phambili.

Yintoni enokwenziwa ngabahlali be-EU ukuxhasa utshintsho?

Abemi abahambahambayo banokuvota kunyulo lwePalamente yaseYurophu (okuthi abaninzi balwenza ngamaxabiso aphantsi kunabezizwe), bazibandakanye neendlela ze-EU Citizens Initiative, bathathe inxaxheba kwimibutho yoluntu efana ne-Union of European Federalists okanye iMigration Policy Group, kwaye baqhagamshelane neeMEPs zelizwe labo ezigcina umdla kwintlalontle yabo. Amanye amazwe agcina amabhunga asemthethweni aphuma kwidiaspora angena kwiinkqubo zomthetho. Ubume bothethelelo buqhekekile kodwa buyasebenza.

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