GraphQL vs REST for Business APIs: Emu nea ɛwɔ he na ɛmma wo bere ne sika pii?

Wɔ nnɛyi software wiase no mu no, API yɛ w’adwuma no ntini nhyehyɛe. Ɛde wo CRM bata wo invoicing module ho, wo HR platform no bata wo analytics dashboard ho, ne wo tech stack nyinaa kɔ abɔnten wiase no so. Mfe pii ni, REST ayɛ ɔkannifo a wonnye ho akyinnye wɔ saa nkitahodi ahorow yi a wɔkyekye mu. Nanso afei GraphQL bae, na ɛhyɛɛ bɔ sɛ ɛbɛyɛ ɔkwan a etu mpɔn, a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a wɔbɛfa so agye data. Akyinnyegye no nyɛ nea ‘eye’ wɔ baabi a hwee nni mu ho asɛm; ɛfa nea eye ma w’adwuma pɔtee ahiade ho. Sɛ wopaw nea ɛnteɛ a, ebetumi ama nkɔso ho ka akɔ soro, app adwumayɛ a ɛyɛ brɛoo, ne akuw a wɔn abam abu. Eyi nyɛ adesua mu apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ; ɛyɛ gyinaesi a mfaso wɔ so a ɛka wo sikasɛm. Momma yɛntwa hype no mu na yɛmfa GraphQL ne REST ntoto ho mfiri adwumayɛ kwan so, mfa yɛn adwene nsi wiase ankasa mu aba te sɛ nkɔsoɔ ahoɔhare, adwumayɛ ho ka, ne scalability so.

Nyansapɛ Titiriw: Akwan Ahorow Abien a Wɔfa so Adwene

Ansa na wobɛkɔ akɔhyɛ mmara mu no, ɛho hia sɛ wote nyansapɛ atitiriw a ɛwɔ saa mfiridwuma yi akyi no ase. REST, anaa Representational State Transfer, yɛ adansi kwan a wɔasisi atwa adwene a ɛfa nneɛma ho ahyia. Wɔde URL na ɛkyerɛ ade biara (te sɛ ‘ɔdefo,’ ‘invoice,’ anaa ‘kar’ a ɛwɔ po so ahyɛn sohwɛ nhyehyɛe mu). Wo ne saa nneɛma yi di nkitaho denam HTTP akwan a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ so: GET de gye, POST sɛ wobɛbɔ, PUT de ayɛ foforo, ne DELETE a wode beyi afi hɔ. Ɛyɛ nhwɛsoɔ a ɛyɛ tẽẽ, wɔte aseɛ yie a ɛkyerɛ sɛdeɛ wɛb no ankasa yɛ adwuma.

GraphQL deɛ, ɛyɛ asɛmmisa kasa ne runtime ma APIs. Ne nyansapɛ titiriw ne adetɔfo a wɔde wɔn adwene si so. Sɛ anka endpoints pii bɛsan de data nhyehyeɛ a ɛyɛ pintinn aba no, GraphQL de endpoint baako ma. Client no de asɛmmisa bi a ɛkyerɛkyerɛ data a ɛhia mu pɛpɛɛpɛ kɔ, na server no de JSON adeɛ a ɛne asɛmmisa no nsɛsoɔ hyia bua. Saa nsakraeɛ yi firi API a server-defined kɔ client-defined no ne ne tumi ne ne nsɛnnennen nyinaa fibea.

Adwumayɛ ne Nnwuma a Wɔyɛ no Yiye: Data Transfer Ko

Eyi taa yɛ mfaso a edi kan na wɔka ho asɛm sen biara wɔ GraphQL so.

Ɔhaw a ɛfa nneɛma a wɔde bɛba a ɛboro so ne nea wɔde ba a ɛboro so

REST APIs taa hu amane wɔ nsɛm abien ho. Over-fetching ba bere a endpoint bi san de data pii ba sen nea akraman no hia. Sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no, mobile app a ɛkyerɛ adetɔfoɔ din a wɔahyehyɛ no betumi afrɛ `/users` endpoint a ɛsan de ɔdefoɔ profile a ɛdi mũ a address, telefon nɔma, ne data foforɔ a wɔmfa nni dwuma wom. Eyi sɛe bandwidth na ɛma app no ​​brɛ ase. Under-fetching ba bere a endpoint biako mma data a ɛdɔɔso, ɛhyɛ akraman no ma ɔfrɛ API frɛ foforo. Sɛ wopɛ sɛ woda ɔdefoɔ bi ahyɛdeɛ a ɔhyɛeɛ nnansa yi adi a, wobɛtumi adi kan afrɛ `/users/123` na afei `/users/123/orders`, a ɛde akwantuo pii bɛkɔ akɔfa baabiara.

GraphQL no Pɛpɛɛpɛ

GraphQL siesie eyi wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ fɛ so. Adetɔfoɔ no bɛtumi abisa `id` ne `din` mfuo nko ara ama ɔdefoɔ no din, na wɔ asɛmmisa korɔ no ara mu no, bisa `orderId` ne `date` a ɛwɔ wɔn nnansa yi ahyɛdeɛ no mu. Eyi ma wonya adesrɛ ne mmuae biako pɛ a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ. Wɔ data-heavy adwumayɛ applications te sɛ Mewayz analytics module no, eyi betumi atew payload kɛse so 70% anaa nea ɛboro saa, na ama adwumayɛ atu mpɔn kɛse, titiriw wɔ mobile networks so.

Developer Osuahu ne Agility

Ɔkwan bɛn so na saa API ahorow yi nya akuw a wɔkyekye ne wɔn a wɔhwɛ so no so nkɛntɛnso?

AHWEHWƐMU: Nea Ɛyɛ Mmerewa ne Nea Wotumi Hyɛ Nkɔmhyɛ

REST ahoɔden gyina sɛnea ɛyɛ mmerɛw no so. Ɛho nhia sɛ developers sua asɛmmisa kasa foforo. Wobetumi ahyɛ nea ɛbɛba awiei no ho nkɔm, na wɔayɛ nneyɛe no gyinapɛn. Nnwinnade te sɛ Swagger/OpenAPI ma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobɛkyerɛw na woasɔ REST API ahorow ahwɛ. Wɔ akuo nketewa anaa nnwuma a ɛwɔ data ahwehwɛdeɛ a ɛyɛ tẽẽ fam no, saa mmerɛwyɛ yi kyerɛ aseɛ kɔ mfitiaseɛ nkɔsoɔ a ɛyɛ ntɛm ne adesua kwan a ɛyɛ brɛoo.

GraphQL: Tumi ne Frontend Ahofadi

GraphQL ma wɔn a wɔyɛ frontend no tumi. Wobetumi abisa data biara a wɔaka abom a wɔntwɛn sɛ backend akuw bɛbɔ endpoints foforo. Eyi betumi ama iteration akɔ ntɛmntɛm kɛse wɔ frontend no so. Nanso, saa tumi yi de ɛka bi ba. GraphQL resolvers a ɛyɛ adwuma yie a wobɛtwerɛ wɔ backend no yɛ den sene sɛ wobɛkyekyere REST controllers a ɛnyɛ den. Asiane nso wɔ hɔ sɛ nsɛmmisa a wɔanhyehyɛ no yiye de adwumayɛ ho nsɛm bɛba ('n+1' haw a agye dimmɔne no).

Caching: Nkonimdie a ɛda adi pefee ma REST?

Caching ho hia ma scalability ne adwumayɛ. REST wɔ mfasoɔ kɛseɛ wɔ ha ɛfiri sɛ ɛde HTTP caching akwan a wɔasisi no di dwuma. Esiane sɛ REST awiei biara yɛ URL soronko nti, ɛnyɛ den sɛ browser, CDN, ne reverse proxy betumi de GET mmuae no asie. Wobetumi de abisade a ɛkɔ `/invoices/latest` no asie simma anaa nnɔnhwerew, a ɛbɛtew server load so.

GraphQL, a ɛwɔ n’awieɛ baako ne nsɛmmisa a egyina POST so (mpo ma akenkan), twa saa HTTP caching layers yi ho hyia. Bere a nhomakorabea ne nhwɛso ahorow a wɔde sie GraphQL mmuae wɔ hɔ (e.g., nsɛmmisa a ɛkɔ so, Apollo Client no cache), ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔde bedi dwuma na wɔadi ho dwuma sen HTTP caching. Wɔ API ahorow a ɛhwɛ ɔmanfo a caching yɛ ade titiriw no, eyi yɛ aniberesɛm a ɛsɛ sɛ wosusuw ho.

API Nkɔsoɔ ne Nkyerɛaseɛ

Wobɛyɛ dɛn asesa wo API a worensɛe akraman a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw?

Wɔ REST mu no, nsakraeɛ a wɔbubu no taa hwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛ API no nkyerɛaseɛ (e.g., `/v1/users` kɔ `/v2/users`). Eyi betumi ama wɔahwɛ nkyerɛase ahorow pii so bere koro mu, na ɛma ɛyɛ den kɛse. GraphQL kwati eyi denam ne su so. Esiane sɛ akraman bisa mfuw pɔtee nti, wubetumi de afuw ne ahorow foforo aka schema no ho a wunnya nsɛmmisa a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no so nkɛntɛnso. Wɔde deprecating fields nso ahyɛ mu, na ɛma kwan ma API no nkɔsoɔ a ɛyɛ fɛ na ɛkɔ soro. Eyi yɛ mfaso kɛse ma application ahorow a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ a ɛwɔ akraman pii a wɔaka abom.

Ahobanbɔ ne Rate Anohyeto

Wo API kwan a wobɛfa so abɔ ho ban na woahwɛ so no nyɛ nea wobetumi ayɛ ho nkitahodi.

REST nhyehyeɛ ma ahobanbɔ nneyɛeɛ bi yɛ tẽẽ. Wobetumi de rate limiting adi dwuma wɔ endpoint biara mu —ebia wobɛma kwan ma wɔafrɛ pii akɔ endpoint a wɔkenkan nkutoo sen nea ɛyɛ invoices. GraphQL, esiane sɛ abisade nyinaa bɔ endpoint biako nti, rate limiting bɛyɛ nuanced kɛse. Worentumi mfa URL nhyɛ anohyeto kɛkɛ. Mmom no, ɛsɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ sɛnea asɛmmisa no ankasa mu yɛ den no mu, a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wode nnwinnade a ɛyɛ nwonwa di dwuma. Nokwaredi ne tumi krataa nso hia nhyehyɛe a wɔde ahwɛyiye yɛ de siw agoruyɛfo bɔne kwan sɛ wɔbɛyɛ nsɛmmisa a ne bo yɛ den a ebetumi ahyɛ server no so.

Gyinaesi Nhyehyɛe a Ɛyɛ Mfaso: Bere a Ɛsɛ sɛ Wopaw Nea Ɛwɔ

Enti, emu nea ɛwɔ he na ɛsɛ sɛ wopaw? Akwankyerɛ a ɛfa anammɔn biara ho a ɛbɛboa wo ma woasi gyinae ni.

1. Hwehwɛ Wo Data Abusuabɔ mu: So ɛtaa hia sɛ w’afɛfoɔ (wɛb, mobile) nya data firi nneɛma ahodoɔ a ɛfa ho mu wɔ adwene baako mu? Sɛ yiw a, GraphQL tumi a ɛde nest nsɛmmisa yɛ mfaso a emu yɛ den. Susuw dashboard a ɛkyerɛ adwuma bi, ne kuw mufo, ne wɔn nnwuma a wɔayɛ nnansa yi bere koro mu ho.
2. Hwehwɛ Wo Client Base: So worekyekye API ama client ahodoɔ pii (e.g., ɔmanfoɔ API) a ɛwɔ data ahiadeɛ a wontumi nhyɛ da nkyerɛ? GraphQL no flexibility hyerɛn wɔ ha. So ɛyɛ beae a wɔhwɛ so denneennen, te sɛ admin admin a ɛwɔ mu? Ebia REST no mmerɛwyɛ no bɛdɔɔso.
3. Susuw Wo Kuw no Nimdeɛ Ho: So wo kuw no wɔ osuahu wɔ GraphQL ne n’abɔde a nkwa wom ho? Sɛ ɛnte saa a, fa adesua no kwan ne nea ebetumi ama adwumayɛ afiri a edi kan aba no tom.
4. Nhyehyɛe a ɛfa Caching ho: So wo application no akenkan mu duru na ɛbɛnya mfasoɔ kɛseɛ afiri HTTP caching a ɛnyɛ den mu? Eyi yɛ asɛm a ɛwɔ hɔ ma REST.
5. Dwene Bere Tenten: Wɔ ade te sɛ Mewayz a ɛdannan ntɛmntɛm a ɛwɔ module 208 no, GraphQL tumi a ɛde dannan API a enni versioning no betumi atew bere tenten a wɔde siesie so.

Adeɛ a ɛyɛ papa a wobɛpaw no nyɛ mfiridwuma no ankasa, na mmom ɛfa ɔhaw pɔtee a ɛdi ho dwuma ma w'adwuma no ho. GraphQL di mu wɔ data ahoɔden ne frontend agility haw ahorow ano aduru mu, bere a REST di mu wɔ mmerɛwyɛ, caching, ne broad compatibility mu.

Daakye yɛ Hybrid

APIs daakye nyɛ nkonimdifoɔ-fa-ne nyinaa ɔko. Yɛrehu ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ adwuma, a wɔde afrafra no kɛse. Nnwumakuw betumi de REST API adi dwuma ama nneɛma a ɛnyɛ den, a wobetumi de asie na wɔada GraphQL awiei adi ama data nsɛmmisa a ɛyɛ den, a wɔaboaboa ano a ɛma aplikeshɔn no mu nneɛma pɔtee bi tumi. Mewayz API-as-a-service model, a ne bo yɛ $4.99 wɔ module biara mu no, wɔ gyinabea pa a ɛbɛboa saa daakye a wɔde afrafra yi, a ɛma nnwumakuo tumi paw adwinnadeɛ a ɛfata ma adwuma biara wɔ wɔn ecosystem mu.

Awiei koraa no, ɛsɛ sɛ wo paw GraphQL ne REST ntam no, w’adwuma botae ahorow na ɛkanyan. Sɛ worekyekye application a ɛyɛ nnam a adwumayɛ wɔ network ahodoɔ so ho hia na ɛhia sɛ wokɔ ntɛmntɛm wɔ frontend so a, GraphQL yɛ paw a ɛyɛ den. Sɛ worekyekye API a ɛyɛ den, a cache-heavy wom ama atiefo a wɔakyerɛkyerɛ mu yiye a, REST da so ara yɛ adwuma pɔnkɔ a ɛyɛ den na wotumi de ho to so. Ɛnam sɛ wobɛte nneɛma a wɔde di gua no ase a, wobɛtumi asi gyinaeɛ a ɛwɔ nimdeɛ a ɛkora berɛ so, ɛtew ɛka so, na ɛkyekyere fapem a ɛyɛ den ma w’adwuma.

Nsɛmmisa a Wɔtaa Bisa

So metumi de GraphQL ne REST nyinaa adi dwuma wɔ aplikeshɔn koro no ara mu?

Ɛyɛ saa koraa. Ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ afrafra no abu so, wɔde REST di dwuma ma endpoints a ɛnyɛ den, a wotumi de sie ne GraphQL ma data abusuabɔ a ɛyɛ den ne aggregations wɔ app koro no ara mu.

So GraphQL yɛ ahobammɔ sen REST?

Ɛnyɛ awosu mu. N’abien nyinaa hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde ahobammɔ ho nhyehyɛe ahorow di dwuma yiye. GraphQL de nsɛnnennen soronko te sɛ asɛmmisa mu dɔ anohyeto ba de siw denial-of-service ntua ano.

So GraphQL besi hia a ehia sɛ wonya akyigyina ananmu?

Dabi. GraphQL yɛ layer a ɛwɔ wo backend services ne databases no atifi. Ɛda so ara hia sɛ wokyerɛw resolvers a ɛgye na ɛhwɛ data firi wo systems a ɛwɔ hɔ dada no mu.

Emu nea ɛwɔ he na ɛyɛ ntɛm ma mobile applications?

GraphQL taa ma ɔdefoɔ suahunu a ɛyɛ ntɛm wɔ mobile so ɛnam data a wɔgye boro so a ɛso atew nti, ɛde payloads nketewa ne network abisadeɛ kakraa bi ba.

So GraphQL yɛ den sɛ wobɛsua sen REST?

Wɔ frontend developers fam no, GraphQL betumi ayɛ mmerɛw ama data a ɛyɛ den a wɔfa. Wɔ backend developers fam no, adesua kwan a ɛyɛ den wɔ hɔ a wɔde bedi dwuma de GraphQL servers a ɛyɛ adwuma yiye na ahobammɔ wom adi dwuma sɛ wɔde toto REST controllers a ɛnyɛ den ho a.