Akwankyerɛ a Ɛyɛ Mfasoɔ a Ɛfa Sɛ Wohwɛ Anadwo Wim Ma Wim Ankasa ne Nnwinnadeɛ Ankasa

Anadwo wim a wɔbɛhwɛ no yɛ adesamma nneɛma a akyɛ sen biara na mfaso wɔ so sen biara no mu biako, na sɛ obi nya nimdeɛ ne nnwinnade a ɛfata a, obetumi afi nsoromma ahwɛfo a ɔnyɛ hwee so akɔ nsoromma ho nimdefo a ɔwɔ ahotoso mu. Saa akwankyerɛ yi twa dede no mu de ma wo afotuo a mfasoɔ wɔ so, a wɔasɔ ahwɛ ama tebea ankasa a wobɛhwɛ — ɛnyɛ lab tebea a ɛyɛ papa — a wode nnwinnadeɛ a wobɛtumi atɔ ankasa na wode adi dwuma.

Dɛn na Ɛsɛ sɛ Wohu Ansa na Woakɔ Abɔnten?

Ansa na wobɛtwe afiri a wɔde hwɛ akyirikyiri anaa afiri a wɔde hwɛ akyirikyiri mpo no, ahosiesie tetew anadwo a ɛyɛ abasamtu ne nea ɛsakra nneɛma mu. Nsoromma ho adesua tua wɔn a wɔahyehyɛ wɔn no ka. Ɛsɛ sɛ wote nneɛma abiɛsa a ɛyɛ nnyinaso ase: wo mpɔtam hɔ wim tebea, wo mfɛnsere a wode hwɛ ade, ne w’aniwa abɔde mu tumi.

Hann a wɔsɛe no ne nnɛyi nsoromma hwɛfo no tamfo kɛse biako pɛ. Fa hann a ɛde efĩ ba ho asase mfonini (te sɛ Hann a Ɛfĩ Ho Mfonini anaa Globe at Night) di dwuma na te wo Bortle Scale rating ase — nsenia a ɛwɔ nsɛntitiriw 9 a 1 yɛ wim a ɛyɛ sum a ɛho ntew na 9 yɛ kurow no mu hann. Nnipa dodow no ara a wɔhwɛ nkurow no akyi no te Bortle 5-7, a ɛda so ara ma wotumi hwɛ ɔsram a ɛyɛ nwonwa, okyinnsoromma ahorow ho nsɛm, ne nneɛma a ɛhyerɛn a ɛwɔ wim a emu dɔ te sɛ Orion Nebula anaa Andromeda Galaxy.

Esum mu nsakrae gye simma 20–30. W’ani de poma nkwammoaa di dwuma ma hann a ɛba fam nhu ade, na hann fitaa a ɛhyerɛn bere tiaa bi mpo no san ma adeyɛ no san ba. Fa kanea kɔkɔɔ a wɔde tow nneɛma yɛ charts ne nsɛm a wɔakyerɛw. Saa su biako yi nkutoo ma nea wuhu no tu mpɔn kɛse.

a wɔde ahyɛ mu

"Alescope a eye sen biara wɔ wiase no ntumi ntua ahosiesie a enye no so ka. Hu wo wim, hu wo nnwinnade, na hu wo anohyeto — afei pia wɔn wɔ nhyehyɛe kwan so, nhyiam biako biara."

Nnwinnade Bɛn na Ɛho Hia Ankasa Ma Wɔn a Wɔafi Ase ne Wɔn a Wɔhwɛ Mfinimfini?

Wɔn a wɔnyɛ adwuma yiye a ne bo yɛ den dodo ahyɛ afiri a wɔde hwɛ akyirikyiri gua so ma. Nea ɛde nea efi mu ba ankasa ba wɔ akyi hɔ ankasa mu no mu mpaapaemu a ɛyɛ nokware ni:

• 7x50 anaa 10x50 afiri a wɔde hwɛ akyirikyiri — Wɔtaa bu ani gu so, afiri a wɔde hwɛ akyirikyiri ne adwinnade a edi kan a eye sen biara. Wɔda abon a ɛwɔ Ɔsram no so, Jupiter asram anan a ɛwɔ Galilea, nsoromma akuwakuw, ne sɛnea Milky Way no te adi. Pair a ɛyɛ papa bo yɛ $60–$150 na enhia nhyehyɛe biara.
• Dobsonian reflector (6" kosi 10" aperture) — Aperture a ɛsen biara wɔ dɔla biara mu a ɛwɔ hɔ. Dobsonian a ne kɛse yɛ 6" a ne bo yɛ $300–$400 no yɛ adwuma yiye sen refractors a ɛwɔ entry-level a ne bo yɛ mmɔho abien ma wim a emu dɔ hwɛ. Simple alt-azimuth mount kyerɛ sɛ polar alignment tiyɛ biara nni hɔ.
• GoTo equatorial mount with a modest refractor — Ɛyɛ papa ma okyinnsoromma a wɔhwɛ ne nsoromma mu mfoninitwafo. GoTo nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔde mfiri ayɛ no hwehwɛ nneɛma no ankasa, nanso ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔde polar alignment ne ahoɔden di dwuma. Budget $500–$800 ma dwumadie entry-level nhyehyeɛ.
• Aniwa a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma a wɔaboaboa ano (25mm, 10mm, ne 2x Barlow) — Wo telescope no aniwa a wɔde hwɛ ade no na ɛkyerɛ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ kɛse ne sɛnea wobɛhwɛ ade. Eyepieces abiɛsa a ɛyɛ papa ne Barlow lens ma wutumi yɛ nneɛma pii. Plossl eyepieces a ne bo yɛ $25–$50 biara yɛ adwuma yiye wɔ saa level yi mu.
• Planisphere anaa wim-charting app (SkySafari, Stellarium) — Nnwinnade a wɔde fa kwan so ho hia. Honam fam planisphere nhia sɛ wɔbɔ charge da; apps ma bere ankasa mu augmented-reality overlays. Fa abien no nyinaa di dwuma.

Ɔkwan Bɛn so na Woayɛ Nhyehyɛeɛ sɛ Wobɛhwɛ Nhyiamu a Ɛsow aba Atwa Wim Tebea Ankasa Ho Ahyia?

Wim a ɛhɔ yɛ petee no nnɔɔso. Nsoromma mu hwɛ — sɛnea wim tebea no gyina pintinn — na ɛkyerɛ sɛnea okyinnsoromma ahorow no mu nsɛm a ɛyɛ nnam da adi. Transparency — sɛnea mframa no mu da hɔ na ɛyɛ kusuu — na ɛkyerɛ sɛnea ade bi a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a wubetumi ahu. Saa nneɛma abien yi yɛ adwuma wɔ wɔn ankasa mu.

Hwɛ nsoromma mu hwɛ wim tebea ho dwumadie a wɔatu ho ama te sɛ Clear Outside, Clear Dark Sky, anaa Astrospheric. Saa nnwinnade yi ma dɔnhwerew biara nkɔmhyɛ a ɛfa hu, nea ɛda adi, ɔhyew, ne mframa ho — mfaso wɔ so koraa sen wim tebea ho app ahorow a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ. Anadwo a wɔahyɛ sɛ 4/5 hu a 3/5 transparency yɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ ma okyinnsoromma ahorow. Anadwo a wonhu ade yiye nanso ɛda adi yiye no ye ma nsoromma akuwakuw ne nsoromma akuw a wɔbɛprapra.

Yɛ nhyiamu nhyehyɛeɛ a ɛnyɛ den ansa na woakɔ abɔnten. Hu nneɛma a wopɛ sɛ wohwɛ, wɔn sɔre ne bere a wɔde si hɔ, ne wɔn sorokɔ a ɛboro wim — nneɛma a ɛba fam sen digrii 30 no hu amane wɔ wim a ɛkyinkyim ho a tebea horow mfa ho. Nhyehyɛe a wɔyɛ saa kwan yi so dan anadwo a wɔanhyɛ da no ma ɛbɛyɛ nkɔso a wɔayɛ no nhyehyɛe a ɛnam wim.

Nneɛma bɛn na mfasoɔ wɔ so kɛseɛ a ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ wɔ ahokokwaa gyinabea biara mu?

Wɔn a wɔhwɛ foforo no taa de wɔn ani si wɔn ani so dodo na wɔnantew kɔ a wɔn abam abu. Fi ase de nneɛma a ɛde ahotoso ma na ɛma ahotoso ansa na woakɔ w’anim akɔ botae ahorow a ɛyɛ den so.

Wɔ wɔn a wɔrefi ase: Ɔsram no terminator line (hann ne sunsuma ntam hye) da ɔbotan ne bepɔw so nsɛm a ɛyɛ nwonwa sen biara adi. Jupiter mununkum akuwakuw ne Galilea asram anan tu kɔ baabiara anadwo kosi anadwo a wotumi hu. Saturn nkaa a ɛwɔ nkɔanim biara a ɛboro 30x mu no yɛ nea ɛyɛ anom-dropping a enni huammɔ ma wɔn a wodi kan hwɛ no.

Wɔ wɔn a wɔhwɛ ntam no: Orion Nebula (M42) da ne gas nhyehyɛe ne Trapezium nsoromma akuwakuw a ɛwɔ mfinimfini no adi. Double Cluster a ɛwɔ Perseus no yɛ ade a wɔde kyerɛ aperture biara. Mars bere a wɔsɔre tia no kyerɛ nsukyenee a ɛwɔ po so ne mmeae a ɛwɔ soro a ɛyɛ sum. Kurukuruwa akuw M13 a ɛwɔ Hercules no siesie kɔ nsoromma ankorankoro mpempem pii a ne kɛse yɛ 6" anaa nea ɛboro saa.

Wɔ ahwɛfoɔ a wɔrekɔ anim no: Galaxy berɛ wɔ ahohuru berɛ mu (Virgo Cluster, Leo Triplet) twa wo wim tebea ne w’ani mpoa wɔ nsakraeɛ a ɛnyɛ anifere wɔ soro hann mu. Nsoromma abien a ɛpaapae — a ɛtetew nhyehyɛe abien a ɛbɛn mu — sɔ aniwa su ne nea wohu hwɛ. Okyinnsoromma so nebula te sɛ Ring Nebula (M57) da nsoromma adannandi awiei adi wɔ aniwa biako a wɔde hwɛ ade mu.

Wobɛyɛ Dɛn Ayɛ Kyerɛwtohɔ na Woayɛ Nkɔso Daa Bere Kɔ so?

Amateur nsoromma mu hwɛ tua wɔn a wosusuw nneɛma ho wɔ nhyehyɛe kwan so no ka. Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wunya nkɔso a, ɛnyɛ nea wubetumi apaw sɛ wobɛkyerɛw kyerɛwtohɔ a wode hwɛ nneɛma so. Kyerɛw da, bere, beae, nnwinnade a wɔde dii dwuma, wim tebea (Bortle rating, temperature, seeing estimate), ne nsɛm a wɔakyerɛw wɔ ade biara a wɔahu ho. Sketching at the eyepiece — mpo crudely — tete w’ani ma ɛhyɛ nsɛm a ɛkɔ akyiri a sɛ ɛnte saa a ebu n’ani gu so no nsow.

Hwɛ wo logs no mu ɔsram biara. Hu tebea horow a ɛde w’adwene a eye sen biara bae. Hyɛ nhwɛso ahorow a ɛwɔ nea wo mpɔtam hɔ wim ma kwan no nsow. Wɔ bere biako mu no, saa data yi bɛyɛ akwankyerɛ a wɔayɛ ama w’ankasa w’ankasa akyi hwɛbea a nhoma anaa app biara ntumi nyɛ ho mfonini.

Nsɛmmisa a Wɔtaa Bisa

So mehia telescope a ne bo yɛ den na ama mahu nneɛma a ɛyɛ anigye?

Dabi. Afiri a wɔde hwɛ akyirikyiri a ne kɛse yɛ 10x50 a ɛyɛ papa da Messier katalog nneɛma bɛboro 100 adi na ɛma wotumi hu ɔsram ne okyinnsoromma ahorow a eye kyɛn so. Aperture ho hia sen brand din anaa ne bo — $350 8" Dobsonian yɛ adwuma sen $900 nketewa-aperture department store refractor ma ɛkame ayɛ sɛ botae biara a wɔhwɛ. Fa afiri a wɔde hwɛ akyirikyiri fi ase, sua wim, afei hyɛ da de sika hyɛ afiri a wɔde hwɛ akyirikyiri a ɛne w’anigye pɔtee hyia mu.

Mɛyɛ dɛn ahunu wim a ɛyɛ sum a mentu kwan nkɔ akyirikyiri?

Fa Light Pollution Map wɛbsaet no di dwuma de kyerɛ mmeae a ɛyɛ sum wɔ baabi a wobɛka kar. Nkuraase mmɔnten so atrae, mmeae a wɔyɛ kua, ne mmeae a wɔakora so a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri fi akwan akɛse so no taa ma Bortle wim 4-5 wɔ simma 30–60 mu fi nkurow no akyi mmeae dodow no ara. Amanaman Ntam Esum Wim Mmoa Yɛmmea (a IDA akyerɛ) yɛ mmeae a wɔadi kan ahwehwɛ mu a esum a wɔabɔ ho ban wom. Bortle adesua biako mpo a wubenya no ma nsonsonoe a wotumi susuw wɔ nea wubetumi ahu no mu.

Bere bɛn na eye sen biara wɔ afe no mu a wubetumi afi ase ahwɛ?

Awɔw bere awiei ne osutɔbere de afrafra a ɛyɛ nwonwa ma: anadwo a ɛyɛ hyew no brɛ ɔhaw a ɛwɔ nhyiam atenten mu no ase, Milky Way nsoromma kuw no mu no tra soro wɔ awɔw bere awiei wim, na awɔw bere a ɛba no de Orion ne ne nebulosity a ɛyɛ nwonwa no ba. Ahohuru bere mu nsoromma akuw bere ne awɔw bere mu nsoromma akuwakuw a ɛhyerɛn no yɛ afe mũ nyinaa a ɛyɛ ahorow ahorow. Nokwarem no, bere a eye sen biara a wode befi ase ne bere biara a wubenya anadwo a emu da hɔ — wim tua ahofama so ka wɔ bere biara mu.

Sɛ́ ebia worehwɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ den a wode hwɛ nneɛma so, nnwinnade a wode hwehwɛ nneɛma akyi, wo ne nsoromma mu hwɛ kuw no mufo reyɛ biako, anaasɛ woreyɛ nhyehyɛe ama wo nhyiam ahorow a ɛfa adwuma ne asetra mu bɔhyɛ ahorow ho ara kwa no, nhyehyɛe a wobɛkɔ so ayɛ no ne nea ɛtetew nsoromma a wobɛhwɛ bere ne bere mu ne adeyɛ ankasa a ɛrenya nkɔanim no ntam. Nhyehyɛe koro no ara adwene a ɛkanyan nsoromma mu hwɛ kɛse no fa adwuma bi a wɔyɛ ho kɛse.

Mewayz yɛ 207-module all-in-one adwumayɛ dwumadie nhyehyɛeɛ a nnipa bɛboro 138,000 gye di sɛ wɔbɛhyehyɛ, ayɛ adwuma, na wɔayɛ biribiara a wɔhwɛ so — ɛfiri adwuma nhyehyɛeɛ so kɔsi akuo nkitahodiɛ so kɔsi nsɛm a ɛwɔ mu adwumayɛ so. Nhyehyɛe ahorow fi ase fi $19/ɔsram pɛ.

Woasiesie wo ho sɛ wode pefeeyɛ ne nhyehyɛe koro no ara bɛba w’adwuma mu a wode ba wo hwɛ nhyiam ahorow no mu? Fi ase wo Mewayz akwantu no nnɛ wɔ app.mewayz.com na hu sɛnea adwumayɛ OS a edi mũ sesa ɔkwan a wofa so yɛ adwuma.