Seo China e se etsang Arctic

Tabatabelo ea China ea Arctic ke e 'ngoe ea liphetoho tsa bohlokoahali tsa lipolotiki tsa lekholong la bo21 la lilemo, ho fetola litsela tsa khoebo, limmaraka tsa matla, le matla a lefats'e. Ho utloisisa seo China e se etsang Arctic ho bohlokoa bakeng sa baetapele ba likhoebo, bo-ramatsete, le litsebi tsa maano tse batlang ho lebella lilemo tse leshome tse tlang tsa khoebo ea lefats'e.

Hobaneng China e Khahlehile Hakaale Arctic Sebakeng sa Pele?

China e phatlalalitse ka molao hore ke "Near-Arctic State" pampiring ea eona e tšoeu ea 2018 Arctic Policy - tseko e sebete bakeng sa naha eo sebaka sa eona se haufi se leng lik'hilomithara tse 1,500 ho tloha Arctic Circle. Thahasello ea Beijing e tsamaisoa ke matla a mararo a sokolohang: phihlello ea lisebelisoa, taolo ea litsela tsa likepe, le boemo ba maano khahlano le lilekane tsa Bophirimela.

Arctic e na le palo e hakanyetsoang ho 13% ea oli ea lefats'e e e-s'o ka e sibolloa le 30% ea khase ea eona ea tlhaho e e-s'o ka e sibolloa. Bakeng sa moruo o lapetseng boikemelo ba matla, mehloli ena ea polokelo ha se lipalo-palo tse sa bonahaleng - ke lintlha tse hlokahalang. China e tsetetse libilione mererong ea Arctic LNG naheng ea Russia, haholo likhoebong tsa Yamal LNG le Arctic LNG 2, e tiisang tšebelisano 'moho le Moscow e ileng ea potlaka haholo kamora ho ikarola ha Russia ho 2022 mebarakeng ea Bophirimela.

Ka ntle ho lisebelisoa, phetoho ea boemo ba leholimo e bula tsela ea Leoatle le ka Leboea, e fokotsang sebaka sa likepe lipakeng tsa Shanghai le Hamburg ka hoo e ka bang 40% ha e bapisoa le tsela ea Suez Canal. China e rehile sena "Polar Silk Road," ho atolosa Belt and Road Initiative ho e 'ngoe ea meeli ea ho qetela ea khoebo e sa laoloeng.

Naha ea Naha ea China e Haha Moaho oa Motheo o Mong Arctic?

Tlhaho ea China ea Arctic e ntse e hola ka potlako ho pholletsa le lipatlisiso, thepa, le lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang habeli. Mekhatlo ea Chaena e lekile - ka katleho e fapaneng - ho fumana boema-kepe, boema-fofane le liteishene tsa lipatlisiso ho pholletsa le Greenland, Iceland, Norway le Finland. Leha tse ngata tsa likopo tsena li ile tsa thibeloa ke mebuso ea Bophirima e bua ka litaba tsa ts'ireletso ea naha, tse ling li tsoetse pele ka khutso.

• Liteishene tsa liphuputso: China e sebelisa Seteishene sa Yellow River se Svalbard, Norway, 'me e atolositse likepe tsa eona tse pshatlang leqhoa ka likepe tse hahiloeng ka har'a naha tse kang Xuelong 2, e leng se fanang ka bokhoni ba selemo ho pota ho etsa lipatlisiso le lisebelisoa.
• Matsete a matla: Ho nka karolo mererong ea Russia ea Arctic LNG ho fa China ka bobeli phepelo ea motlakase le boiphihlelo ba ts'ebetso libakeng tsa polar e ntšoang.
• Sathelaete le likhokahano tsa mehala: Lifeme tsa China li batlile ho kenya letsoho meahong ea marang-rang ea Arctic Broadband, e hlahisitseng matšoenyeho a bohlokoa a bohlale har'a litho tsa NATO.
• Lipuisano tsa phihlello ea boema-kepe: China e hatetse pele, ka lik'hamphani tse tšehelitsoeng ke mmuso, ho laola likarolo tsa likou tsa Greenland le Canada Arctic - tseo boholo ba tsona li ileng tsa qetella li thibetsoe ke mebuso e amohelang.
• Likepe tsa khoebo tse khonang ho pshatla leqhoa: COSCO Shipping esale e leka litsela tsa thepa ea Arctic ho tloha ka 2013, e aha tsebo ea setsi le mohlala oa ts'ebetso bakeng sa tšebeliso ea nako e tlang ea khoebo.

Selekane sa China-Russia sa Arctic se Fetola Khoebo ea Lefatše Joang?

Ho ka etsahala hore ebe Russia-China Arctic axis ke kamano e matla ka ho fetisisa ea matla a linaha tse peli lilemong tsa bo-2020. Likotlo tsa Bophirima ho Russia kamora tlhaselo ea Ukraine li ile tsa potlakisa puso ea China ho nts'etsopele ea Arctic LNG. Hona joale China e fumana matla a theotsoeng a Russia ha lik'hamphani tsa Bophirimela li ntse li batla ho nkela thepa ea Russia sebaka.

"Arctic e fetoha sebaka sa bopaki ba moruo oa lefats'e o ts'oanang - o hahelletsoeng holim'a meaho ea Sino-Russia, kantle ho litsamaiso tsa lichelete tsa Bophirima, 'me o ntse o ts'oaroa ho tloha khatellong ea lipolotiki e tsoang Washington kapa Brussels."

Ho likhoebo tsa lefats'e, sena se bohlokoa ka litsela tse hlakileng. Arctic LNG e bopa bocha litheko tsa matla tsa Europe le Asia. Litsela tse ncha tsa likepe li sitisa marang-rang a thehileng thepa. 'Me puso ea Machaena ho thepa ea polar e baka hore ho itšetlehe ka phepelo ea thepa eo liphaposi tsa boto li seng li qalile ho ba mohlala.

Mebuso ea Bophirima E Etsa'ng ho Arabela?

Litho tsa NATO le linaha tsa Lekhotla la Arctic - Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, le United States - li ntse li tšosoa le ho feta ke ts'ebetso ea Machaena le Russia ea Arctic. Ho kenella ha Finland le Sweden ho NATO ka 2023 le 2024 ho ne ho susumetsoa ke ts'ireletso ea Arctic, haholo-holo ho fetola boemo ba selekane sa leboea.

United States e boetse e tsetelelitse ts'ebetsong ea sesole sa Arctic, ea bula litsi tsa Alaska le Greenland le ho potlakisa theko ea likepe tse pshatlang leqhoa ka mor'a lilemo tse mashome tsa ho hlokomolohuoa. Canada e thakgotse Moralo wa yona wa Leano la Arctic le Leboya, ha EU e phatlalalitse Puisano ya yona e Kopanetsweng ka Leano la Arctic e totobatsang ntshetsopele ya moshwelella le tshebedisano-mmoho ya tshireletso.

Greenland, sebaka se ikemetseng sa Denmark, se hlahile e le setsi sa mantlha sa matšoenyeho a maano a Bophirimela. Libaka tsa eona tse sa tloaelehang tsa liminerale, sebaka sa maano, le tlhokomelo ea matla a mangata a mangata - ho kenyeletsoa United States - e etsa hore e be e 'ngoe ea libaka tseo ho nang le tsekisanoang ka ho fetisisa Lefatšeng ho ea bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-2020.

Arctic Geopolitics e Bolela Eng Bakeng sa Leano la Khoebo le Ts'ebetso?

Ho baetapele ba khoebo, Arctic ha se ntho e hole - ke lets'oao. Litumellano tsa phepelo tse tsamaisoang liphasejeng tsa Arctic, likonteraka tsa matla tse hokahantsoeng le polar LNG, le ho itšetleha ka phepelo ea lefatše ka seoelo merafong ea Arctic ho tla ama liindasteri ho tloha ho likoloi ho ea ho lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa bareki nakong ea lilemo tsena tse leshome.

Likhamphani tse sebetsang lefats'eng ka bophara li hloka ho etsa mohlala oa moralo oa maemo mabapi le ts'ebetso ea tsela ea Arctic, ho lekola matsete a litšebeletso tsa China libakeng tsa bohlokoa tsa polar chokepoints, le ho lekola ho pepeseha ha tsona ho its'etleha ka matla a Russia a seng a fetohetse ho liphaephe le liteishene tse laoloang ke China. Likhoebo tse boemong bo botle ba ho sebetsana le mathata ana ke tse nang le bohlale bo sebetsang ka nako ea nnete, taolo e kopaneng ea data, le maqheka a ho fetola leano ha maemo a tikoloho a fetoha.

Ho laola boemo boo ba ho rarahana ha tshebetso ho pholletsa le dihlopha, mebaraka, le diyuniti tsa kgwebo ho hloka sethala se ahilweng bakeng sa ditlhoko tsa sejwalejwale tsa kgwebo - se behang disebediswa tsa hao bohareng, datha, le phallo ya mosebetsi ho sistimi e sebetsang e momahaneng.

Lipotso Tse Botsoang Hangata

Na China ke setho sa semmuso sa Lekgotla la Arctic?

Che. China e na le boemo ba ho shebella Arctic Council, e fanoeng ka 2013. Litho tse feletseng li lekanyelitsoe linaheng tse robeli tsa Arctic: Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden le United States. Leha ho na le boemo ba moshebelli, China e nka karolo ka mafolofolo lihlopheng tse sebetsang tsa mahlale mme e sebelisa sethala sena ho netefatsa lithahasello tsa eona tsa Arctic.

Na China e na le sesole sebakeng sa Arctic?

Hajoale China ha e boloke litsi tsa sesole tsa Arctic tse inehetseng, empa matsete a eona a ts'ebeliso ea habeli, liteishene tsa lipatlisiso le likepe tse pshatlang leqhoa li fana ka bokhoni bo ka sebeletsang merero ea sesole. Likepe tsa likepe tsa Machaena li ntse li feta metsing a Arctic lilemong tsa morao tjena, 'me litsebi tsa sesole li lebelletse hore sena se tla hola ha leqhoa le ntse le fokotseha.

Litsela tsa likepe tsa Arctic li tla ama linako tsa khoebo tsa lefats'e joang?

Tsela ea Leoatle le ka Leboea e ka fokotsa linako tsa thomello ea Asia ho ea Europe ka matsatsi a 10 ho isa ho a 15 ha ho bapisoa le lipalangoang tsa Suez Canal. Leha ho le joalo, ts'epahalo ea litsela e lula e le ea nako ea selemo 'me e itšetlehile ka tšehetso ea likepe tse pshatlang leqhoa. Bahlahlobisisi ba rera khoebo ea selemo ho pota ka bo-2040, e tla emela tlhophiso ea mantlha ea moruo oa lefats'e oa thepa le tlholisano ea boemakepe.

The Arctic e ntse e etsoa bocha ka nako ea nnete - 'me likhoebo tse utloisisang matla a ho bapala li tla hlomelloa hamolemo ho ikamahanya le maemo. Haeba ho laola mathata a lefats'e, lintlha tsa ts'ebetso, le ts'ebetso ea lihlopha tse ngata li sitisa khoebo ea hau morao, hlahloba Mewayz — OS ea khoebo e sebelisoang ke lihlopha tse 138,000 lefatšeng ka bophara ho sebetsa ka bohlale, ho qala ka $19> khoeli le khoeli.