Sekka Zusetsu: A Book of Snowflakes (1832)

Sekka Zusetsu ndeimwe yemifananidzo yekutanga yesainzi yemakristaro ati ambobudiswa, yakagadzirwa naMambo wekuJapan Doi Toshitsura muna 1832. Makumi emakore vasati vatora mifananidzo yechando pafirimu rekuMadokero, bhuku rino rinoshamisa rakanyora makumi masere nematanhatu ekristaro akasiyana siyana aine hunyanzvi hwekuita nehunyanzvi hunokatyamadza — zviitiko muruzivo rusingaperi.

Kune mabhizinesi emazuva ano anofambisa kuomarara, zvidzidzo zvakaiswa mune ino 19th-century masterwork zvine basa zvinoshamisa. Maitiro aToshitsura - kurongedza zvine hungwaru, kucherechedzwa kwepateni, uye zvinyorwa zvakarongwa - zvinoratidzira kufunga kwekushanda kunofambisa masangano anhasi anoshanda zvakanyanya.

Chii Chakaita Sekka Zusetsu Kuti Ishanduke Panguva Yayo?

Doi Toshitsura anga asiri musayendisiti nebasa. Aive daimyō - ishe ishe anotonga Koga Domain mune yava kunzi Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. Asi kuda kwake kukuru kuziva pamusoro pezvimedu zvemazaya echando kwakamuita kuti aongorore makore akawanda achishandisa maikorosikopu inobva kuDutch, imwe yemashomanana aiwanika muJapan panguva yayakanga iri yoga.

Chii chakasiyanisa Sekka Zusetsu yaive nzira yayo. Panzvimbo pokungoyemura runako rwechando, Toshitsura akagadzira gadziriro yokuronga zvinhu. Akabatanidza makristasi nechimiro, symmetry, uye kusiyana kwemaitiro. Mufananidzo wega wega wakaitwa nehunyanzvi hwekutsikirira huni hwaibata hudzamu hwejometri inokatyamadza - mahwendefa ane hexagonal, stellar dendrites, maumbirwo emakoramu, uye masumbu asina kurongeka.

Basa rakatangira Wilson Bentley ane mukurumbira kutorwa kwechando chechando mumakore anopfuura makumi mashanu uye akatarisira zvimwe zvakawanikwa gare gare zvakasimbiswa neWestern crystallographer. Zvinomira sehumbowo hwekuti hurongwa hwekufunga hwakaoma hunogona kubuda kubva kune chero chirango, chero tsika, uye chero nguva.

Kuzivikanwa kwePateni Inofambisa Sei Zvisarudzo ZveBhizinesi Zvirinani?

Shasha yaToshitsura yakanga isiri yekutarisa chete - yaive categorization. Akaona kuti mazaya echando, nepo akasiyana, aitevera maitiro aizivikanwa ezvimiro. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo musimboti uri seri kwekushanda kwebhizinesi kunobudirira: kuziva maitiro anodzokororwa mukati memhirizhonga inooneka.

• Maitirwo ekugadzira mepu: Sezvinongoita Toshitsura Classified crystal structures, mabhizinesi anobatsirwa nemepu mafambiro ebasa kuti aone zvipingamupinyi zvinodzokorora uye kusashanda zvakanaka.
• Data taxonomy: Kuronga data revatengi, mhando dzemapurojekiti, uye mari inoyerera muzvikamu zvakajeka zvinogonesa kuita sarudzo nekukurumidza uye kufanotaura kwakaringana.
• Masisitimu ematemplate: Tichiziva kuti 80% yemabasa anotevera mafomati anofanotaurwa inobvumira zvikwata kugadzira matemplate anogona kushandiswazve — kuderedza ndangariro uye kukurumidzira kuita.
• Kuonekwa kusinganzwisisike: Kana wanzwisisa patani, mitsaukano inooneka nekukasika. Izvi zvinoshanda zvakaenzana pakurongwa kwechando chekristaro uye nhoroondo yemari.
• Zviono-zvakasiyana-siyana: Toshitsura yakabatanidza hunyanzvi, sainzi, uye hutongi. Saizvozvo, mabhizinesi anopwanya masilo edhipatimendi anoona mapatani asingaonekwe kuzvikwata zvakazvimirira.

"Mazaya echando ega ega anotevera mutemo une hexagonal mumwechete, asi hapana maviri akafanana. Kuranga hakusi mukumanikidza kufanana - kuri mukuvaka masisitimu anochinjika zvakakwana kukudza zvese patani uye musiyano." — Nheyo inoratidzwa mumaitiro aDoi Toshitsura

Sei Zvakarongwa Zvinyorwa Zvichiri Nebasa muZera Redhijitari?

Toshitsura akapedza makore achinyora zvinonyungudika mumasekonzi. Kuzvipira ikoko kuchengetedza ruzivo rwenguva pfupi kunoratidza dambudziko rakatarisana nebhizinesi rega rega: ruzivo rwemasangano rwunopera kana rwagara mumisoro yevanhu chete.

MaSOP, mapurojekiti akachengetwa, nhoroondo dzevatengi, uye zvinyorwa zvesarudzo zvinoshanda zvakafanana neSekka Zusetsu — zvinotora zvingangotsakatika. Makambani anodyara mari muzvivakwa zvezvinyorwa haango chengetedza ruzivo; vanozvibatanidza. Nzira imwe neimwe yakanyorwa inova hwaro hwekuvandudzwa kunotevera, sekufanana nemwero wechando chine mifananidzo mubhuku raToshitsura chakadzamisa kunzwisisa kwese kwekugadzirwa kwekristaro.

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Masisitimu emazuva ano ebhizinesi anoita kuti zvinyorwa izvi zvisashande nekuzviisa mumifambiro yemazuva ese - kushandura maitiro echinyakare kuita ndangariro inotsvakwa, inogona kushandiswazve yesangano.

Chii Chinotidzidzise Chidzidzo che19th-Century Snowflake Nezvekuyera Mashandiro?

Toshitsura yakatanga nechando chimwe chete uye maikorosikopu. Akapedzisa netaxonomy yakazara yakapesvedzera sainzi yechisikigo yeJapan kwezvizvarwa. Chiyero chemusimboti pano chinodzidzisa: tanga nehurongwa humwe, nyora zvakanyatsonaka, wozowedzera zvine hurongwa.

Mabhizinesi anoedza kugadzirisa zvese panguva imwe chete anowanzo kundikana. Idzo dzinotanga nedhipatimendi rimwe chete, kufambiswa kwebasa rimwe chete, kana rwendo rwemutengi mumwe chete - uye gadzirisa zvinyorwa zvisati zvawedzera - kuvaka nheyo dzekushanda dzinobata pasi pekumanikidzwa. Iyi modular nzira yekukura inopindirana nechimiro chaicho chezvipenga zvechando pachazvo: mitemo yakapusa pachikamu chemolecular inoburitsa kuomarara kunoshamisa pachiyero.

Chikuva chine 207 integrated modules inonzwisisa iyi musimboti zvakanyanya. Imwe neimwe module inogadzirisa dambudziko rimwe zvakachena. Pamwe chete, vanogadzira yakazara sisitimu yekushandisa - yakagadzirika asi ichichinjika, senge ine hexagonal lattice iri pasi pekristaro yega yega yechando inodzidzwa naToshitsura.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Sekka Zusetsu chii chaizvo uye nei ichikosha munhoroondo?

Sekka Zusetsu (雪華図説), zvichireva kuti "Kukurukurirana Kwakaenzanisirwa kweMaruva eSinou," ibhuku resainzi rechiJapan kubva muna 1832 naDoi Toshitsura. Iyo ine yakadzama yehuni-yakadhindwa mifananidzo ye86 echando makristaro emhando, zvichiita kuti ive imwe yepasirese yakarongeka yakarongeka zvidzidzo zvesnowflake morphology. Kukosha kwaro kuri mumaitiro ayo emaitiro, ayo akatangira tsvakiridzo yechando chekuMadokero makumi emakore uye yakaratidza kuti ongororo yakasimba yesainzi yakanga ichibudirira muEdo-nguva yeJapan kunyangwe nyika yakanga iri yoga.

Doi Toshitsura akacherechedza sei mazaya echando pasina tekinoroji yechizvinozvino?

Toshitsura akashandisa microscope yakagadzirwa neDutch — chiridzwa chisingawanikwe muJapan panguva yeEdo sakoku (nyika yakavharwa) mutemo. Aiunganidza zvimedu zvemazaya echando pajira rakasviba kana lacquerware munguva yechando yeKoga, obva akurumidza kudhirowa zvimiro zvekristaro zvisati zvanyungudika. Akadzokorora chiitiko ichi mukati memwaka wechando wakawanda kuti aone zvaakaona uye kunatsa hurongwa hwake hwekuronga. Vhoriyamu yake yekutevera, Zoku Sekka Zusetsu (1840), yakawedzera bhuku racho nekuwedzera 97 mifananidzo yekristaro.

Mabhizinesi angashandisa sei misimboti iri seri kweSekka Zusetsu kumabasa avo?

Nheyo dzemisimboti - kutarisa kwakarongeka, kurongeka kwakarongwa, zvinyorwa zvakakwana, uye kuita sarudzo-kwakavakirwa pateni - inoshandura zvakananga mukugona kushanda. Mabhizinesi anogona kutora misimboti iyi nekushandisa yakarongeka workflows, kuvaka yakazara zvinyorwa masisitimu, vachishandisa dhata kupatsanura kuona mafambiro, uye kusarudza maturusi anotsigira modular scalability. Muono wakakosha ndewekuti kunyangwe nharaunda dzakaomarara, dzinoita sedzisina kugadzikana dzinoburitsa mapatani anogoneka kana asvikirwa nechimiro chakakodzera.

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