Tsvagiridzo inopihwa mari neHurumende haifanire kuburitswa mumapepanhau ekuita purofiti

Veruzhinji Havafanire Kubhadhara Kaviri Kutsvagisa Dzinopihwa Mari Neruzhinji

Hurumende painopa rubatsiro rwekutsvagisa, inenge ichidyara mari yeruzhinji nechinangwa chekusimudzira ruzivo rwevanhu, kugadzirisa matambudziko akanyanya, uye kukurudzira hunyanzvi hwekuita zvinhu zvakanaka. Tsvagiridzo iyi, inopihwa mari nevateresi, inofanirwa kuve yeruzhinji. Nekudaro, sisitimu yazvino inowanzoona basa iri richiiswa mumabhuku ezvidzidzo ekuita purofiti, ayo anobva abhadharisa mari inokwirisa yekuwana. Izvi zvinogadzira mamiriro ezvinhu anokatyamadza apo veruzhinji vanobhadhara tsvakiridzo kaviri: kutanga kuburikidza nemitero yavo, uye chechipiri kuburikidza nemari yekunyoresa yemasangano inobhadharwa nemaraibhurari avo. Iyi modhi haingogoneki mune zvemari chete asi zvakare inoganhurira kuparadzirwa kweruzivo chairwo rwayaida kugadzira.

Iyo Ethical Imperative ye Open Access

Kupokana kwetsika kwakatwasanuka: ruzivo rwunogadzirwa nemari yeruzhinji runofanira kubatsira veruzhinji. Kana kurapwa kwegomarara kana chidzidzo chekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze chakavharwa kuseri kwepaywall, zvinopokana nechinangwa chemari yeruzhinji. Vatsvagiri mumasangano anopihwa mari shoma, vanogadzira mitemo, vatori venhau, uye vagari vanoda kuziva vanonyimwa mukana, vachinonotsa kufambira mberi uye kudzikisira kukanganiswa kwevanhu mukutsvaga. Kutsikiswa kweOpen Access (OA), uko zvinyorwa zvinowanikwa pachena pamhepo, zvinofambirana nemusimboti wedemokrasi wekuti basa rinopihwa mari neveruzhinji rinofanira kushandira veruzhinji. Inova nechokwadi chekuti mhedzisiro yekudyara iyi inogona kuverengerwa, kushandiswa, uye kuvakwa nemunhu wese, chero kupi, pasina zvipingaidzo zvemari. Izvi zvinomhanyisa kuvandudza uye zvinoita kuti pave nekudzoka kukuru pakudyara kweveruzhinji.

Iyo Yakashata Economics yeFor-Profit Model

 Mayunivhesiti nemasangano everuzhinji anoita basa rezvemari katatu: vanobhadhara mihoro yevaongorori vanoita basa, vanowanzobhadhara mapeji ekubhadhara kana Article Processing Charge (APCs) kuvabudisi kuti basa riburitswe (kunyanya mu "goridhe" OA modhi), uyezve vanofanirwa kubhadhara mari dzekunyoresa kuti vadzose tsvakiridzo yakanyorwa nenzira yekunyoreswa kwemagazini. Vaparidzi vanoita purofiti vakakwanisa kuita mari kunharaunda yese, vachikohwa mibairo mikuru apo vachibatsira zvishoma pakusikwa chaiko kana wongororo yezvirimo, izvo zvinonyanya kuitwa nenharaunda yevadzidzi nekuzvidira. Izvi zvinotsausa mari dzakakosha kubva kumasangano ari iwo einjini chaidzo dzekutsvaga nekuvandudza.

Iyo Inoshanda Nzira Yemberi: Kuraira Kuvhura Kupinda

Shanduko haingodiwa chete; zviri kutoitika. Masangano akawanda ehurumende anopa mari pasi rose ari kushandisa mitemo inoda kuti vanowana rubatsiro vaburitse zvavakawana mumatura eOpen Access. Izvi zvinogona kutora mafomu maviri ekutanga:

• Green Open Access: Vatsvakurudzi vanoshambadza mujenari rekunyoreswa asi vanorairwa kuti vazvichengetera wega pre-yakadhindwa kana manyoro anogamuchirwa munzvimbo yemahara, yeruzhinji (sePubMed Central) mushure menguva yekurambidzwa.
• Gold Open Access: Yekupedzisira yakabudiswa shanduro yenyaya yakaitwa kuti iwanikwe mahara pawebhusaiti yemutsikisi, kazhinji ichibatanidza APC inobhadharwa neanopa mari kana sangano.

Kunyange iyo yeGold OA modhi ichiri kusanganisa kubhadhara kune vatsikisi, chinangwa ndechekuchinja kune sisitimu umo tsvakiridzo yese inopihwa mari neruzhinji inosvika nekukurumidza uye pachena. Kuchinja uku kunoda zvivakwa zvakasimba uye kubatana, misimboti iri musimboti wemapuratifomu seMewayz. Sezvinongoita Mewayz inopa modular OS yekurerutsa mashandiro ebhizinesi, nharaunda yekutsvagisa inoda masisitimu anokwenenzvera kufambiswa kweruzivo netsika.

"Sainzi ndiyo musimboti wekufambira mberi, uye kana ichipihwa mari neveruzhinji, mabhenefiti ayo anofanira kunge ari eruzhinji. Paywalling mibairo yetsvakiridzo inotsigirwa neruzhinji mutero weruzivo pacharwo, ichitadzisa hutsva chaihwo hwatinotsvaka kukurudzira." - Maonero emuraibhurari Yekutsvagisa

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Mhedziso: Kuenzanisa Kukosheswa Nezvabuda

Bato rekubvisa tsvakiridzo inopihwa mari neveruzhinji kubva mumajenari emari riri kuwedzera simba nekuti rinoyananisa mhedzisiro nechinangwa chepakutanga. Zviri pamusoro pekuona kuti mabhiriyoni emadhora ekudyara kweruzhinji mukutsvaga kuzadzisa hukuru hwayo hunogona kuita. Nekurayira Open Access, tinogona kugadzira imwe yakaenzana, inoshanda, uye inomhanyisa yekutsvagisa ecosystem. Uhwu huzivi hwekuvaka anosvikika uye anodyidzana masisitimu ehukuru hwakanaka magirazi nzira yatinotora kuMewayz, uko yedu modular bhizinesi OS yakagadzirirwa kuputsa silos uye kukurudzira kujeka, kunoshanda mafambiro. Yasvika nguva yekuti nyika yezvekutsikisa zvedzidzo igamuchire hunhu hwakafanana, kuve nechokwadi chekuti ruzivo rwunopihwa mari neruzhinji rwunobatsira veruzhinji zvechokwadi.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Veruzhinji Havafanire Kubhadhara Kaviri Kutsvagisa Dzinopihwa Mari Neruzhinji

Hurumende painopa rubatsiro rwekutsvagisa, inenge ichidyara mari yeruzhinji nechinangwa chekusimudzira ruzivo rwevanhu, kugadzirisa matambudziko akanyanya, uye kukurudzira hunyanzvi hwekuita zvinhu zvakanaka. Tsvagiridzo iyi, inopihwa mari nevateresi, inofanirwa kuve yeruzhinji. Nekudaro, sisitimu yazvino inowanzoona basa iri richiiswa mumabhuku ezvidzidzo ekuita purofiti, ayo anobva abhadharisa mari inokwirisa yekuwana. Izvi zvinogadzira mamiriro ezvinhu anokatyamadza apo veruzhinji vanobhadhara tsvakiridzo kaviri: kutanga kuburikidza nemitero yavo, uye chechipiri kuburikidza nemari yekunyoresa yemasangano inobhadharwa nemaraibhurari avo. Iyi modhi haingogoneki mune zvemari chete asi zvakare inoganhurira kuparadzirwa kweruzivo chairwo rwayaida kugadzira.

Iyo Ethical Imperative ye Open Access

Kupokana kwetsika kwakatwasanuka: ruzivo rwunogadzirwa nemari yeruzhinji runofanira kubatsira veruzhinji. Kana kurapwa kwegomarara kana chidzidzo chekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze chakavharwa kuseri kwepaywall, zvinopokana nechinangwa chemari yeruzhinji. Vatsvagiri mumasangano anopihwa mari shoma, vanogadzira mitemo, vatori venhau, uye vagari vanoda kuziva vanonyimwa mukana, vachinonotsa kufambira mberi uye kudzikisira kukanganiswa kwevanhu mukutsvaga. Kutsikiswa kweOpen Access (OA), uko zvinyorwa zvinowanikwa pachena pamhepo, zvinofambirana nemusimboti wedemokrasi wekuti basa rinopihwa mari neveruzhinji rinofanira kushandira veruzhinji. Inova nechokwadi chekuti mhedzisiro yekudyara iyi inogona kuverengerwa, kushandiswa, uye kuvakwa nemunhu wese, chero kupi, pasina zvipingaidzo zvemari. Izvi zvinomhanyisa kuvandudza uye zvinoita kuti pave nekudzoka kukuru pakudyara kweveruzhinji.

Iyo Yakashata Economics yeFor-Profit Model

 Mayunivhesiti nemasangano everuzhinji anoita basa rezvemari katatu: vanobhadhara mihoro yevaongorori vanoita basa, vanowanzobhadhara mapeji ekubhadhara kana Article Processing Charge (APCs) kuvabudisi kuti basa riburitswe (kunyanya mu "goridhe" OA modhi), uyezve vanofanirwa kubhadhara mari dzekunyoresa kuti vadzose tsvakiridzo yakanyorwa nenzira yekunyoreswa kwemagazini. Vaparidzi vanoita purofiti vakakwanisa kuita mari kunharaunda yese, vachikohwa mibairo mikuru apo vachibatsira zvishoma pakusikwa chaiko kana wongororo yezvirimo, izvo zvinonyanya kuitwa nenharaunda yevadzidzi nekuzvidira. Izvi zvinotsausa mari dzakakosha kubva kumasangano ari iwo einjini chaidzo dzekutsvaga nekuvandudza.

Iyo Inoshanda Nzira Kumberi: Kuraira Kuvhura Kupinda

Shanduko haingodiwa chete; zviri kutoitika. Masangano akawanda ehurumende anopa mari pasi rose ari kushandisa mitemo inoda kuti vanowana rubatsiro vaburitse zvavakawana mumatura eOpen Access. Izvi zvinogona kutora mafomu maviri ekutanga:

Mhedziso: Kuenzanisa Hukoshi Nezvabuda

Bato rekubvisa tsvakiridzo inopihwa mari neveruzhinji kubva mumajenari emari riri kuwedzera simba nekuti rinoyananisa mhedzisiro nechinangwa chepakutanga. Zviri pamusoro pekuona kuti mabhiriyoni emadhora ekudyara kweruzhinji mukutsvaga kuzadzisa hukuru hwayo hunogona kuita. Nekurayira Open Access, tinogona kugadzira imwe yakaenzana, inoshanda, uye inokurumidza kutsvagisa ecosystem. Uhwu huzivi hwekuvaka anosvikika uye anodyidzana masisitimu ehukuru hwakanaka magirazi nzira yatinotora kuMewayz, uko yedu modular bhizinesi OS yakagadzirirwa kuputsa silos uye kukurudzira kujeka, kunoshanda mafambiro. Yasvika nguva yekuti nyika yezvekutsikisa zvedzidzo igamuchire hunhu hwakafanana, kuve nechokwadi chekuti ruzivo rwunopihwa mari neruzhinji rwunobatsira veruzhinji zvechokwadi.