Igiciro nyacyo cya I / O.

Porogaramu yawe yubucuruzi Itinda kurenza uko byakagombye - Kandi Ibisanzwe I / O Nibyaha bitagaragara

Igihe cyose umukiriya yinubira ikibaho cyihuta, burigihe buri gihe itsinda ryanyu ritegereje amasegonda atatu yinyongera kugirango raporo yikore, kandi burigihe burigihe page yawe yo kugenzura yatakaje umuguzi kutihangana - hari amahirwe menshi yuko random I / O irimo gucecekesha amafaranga winjiza. Ntabwo ari ijambo ryijambo ryagenewe abahanga mu bubiko. Nibipimisho byapimwe, bihenze byihishe imbere mubikorwa byose byubucuruzi, kuva CRM ishakisha kugeza kuri fagitire. Gusobanukirwa ikiguzi cyacyo ntabwo ari imyitozo ya tekiniki gusa - ni iy'amafaranga. Ibigo birengagije byishyura igiciro muma fagitire yuzuye ibicu, abakiriya babuze, hamwe namakipe yagumye ategereje kuri ecran igomba guhita yikorera.

Niki gisanzwe I / O Mubyukuri bivuze (Nimpamvu ihenze)

Muri rusange, I / O - kwinjiza / ibisohoka - ni inzira yo gusoma no kwandika amakuru kububiko. Iyo porogaramu yawe izanye inyandiko ziva mububiko, yikoreza dosiye muri disiki, cyangwa yandika ibicuruzwa, ikora ibikorwa bya I / O. Ibikorwa biza muburyohe bubiri: bikurikiranye na bidasanzwe . Urukurikirane I / O rusoma cyangwa rwandika amakuru mubice bihujwe, nko gusoma igitabo kuva gitangiye kugeza kirangiye. Ibisanzwe I / O bisimbuka bitateganijwe, nko guhindukira kurupapuro rwa 47, hanyuma urupapuro rwa 3, hanyuma urupapuro 812.

Ikinyuranyo cyimikorere hagati yubu buryo bubiri kiratangaje. Kuri disiki gakondo, ibisomwa bikurikirana birashobora kugera kuri 150-200 MB / s, mugihe usoma utabishaka akenshi ugenda kuri 0.5-1.5 MB / s - itandukaniro rya 100x cyangwa irenga . Ndetse no kuri NVMe SSDs igezweho, itezimbere kuburyo bugaragara imikorere ya I / O idasanzwe, icyuho kiracyari hagati ya 5x kugeza 20x bitewe numurimo wakazi. Iyo porogaramu yawe yubucuruzi itanga ibihumbi bito, bitatanye gusoma ibyifuzo kumasegonda - gukurura izina ryumukiriya hano, ikintu cyerekana umurongo wa fagitire, kugenzura uruhushya ahandi - buri hop itangiza ubukererwe bupimye muri microseconds zihurira mumasegonda yumukoresha nyawo wo gutegereza.

Fiziki ntabwo yahindutse mumyaka mirongo: kubona amakuru yatatanye mububiko biratinda cyane kuruta kuyitondekanya. Icyahindutse ni igipimo aho porogaramu zigezweho zitanga I / O zidasanzwe, bigatuma igiciro cyayo kidashoboka kwirengagiza.

Umusoro uhishe kuri buri gikorwa cyubucuruzi

Reba uko bigenda iyo umukoresha umwe afunguye akazu ka CRM. Porogaramu isaba imbonerahamwe yabakiriya, ikayihuza nigikorwa cyibikorwa bya vuba, ikurura indangagaciro zijyanye nigikorwa, igenzura uruhushya rwabakoresha, imizigo ibarwa, kandi ikanazana ibyo ukunda. Buri kimwe muri ibyo bibazo gishobora gukora kumeza atandukanye abitswe ahantu hatandukanye kuri disiki. Ikibaho cyerekana inyandiko 50 zabakiriya zishobora kubyara 300 kugeza 500 ibikorwa bya I / O bidasanzwe munsi ya hood. Mugwize ko kubakoresha 200 bahujwe mugihe cyamasaha yakazi, kandi seriveri yawe irimo gutunganya hejuru ya 100.000 isomwa ku isegonda.

Ibi ntabwo ari hypothettike. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na 2024 bwakozwe na Percona bwerekanye ko imikorere yimikorere idahwitse ikoreshwa kugeza kuri 68% yigihe cyose cyo gukora bategereje ibikorwa bya I / O, hamwe nuburyo bwo kubona ibintu aribwo buryo bwibanze. Kuri sosiyete ya SaaS ikorera ubucuruzi ibihumbi, ibi bisobanurwa neza mubiciro remezo biri hejuru. Abatanga ibicu bishyurwa na IOPS (ibikorwa bya I / O ku isegonda), kandi imirimo iremereye I / O iremereye irashobora gusunika amafaranga yo kubika buri kwezi kuva ku magana kugeza ku bihumbi mirongo by'amadolari - bitatewe n'ubunini bw'amakuru, ariko kubera uburyo bwo kugera.

Igiciro kirenze ibikorwa remezo. Buri milisegonda 100 yigihe cyo kwipakurura page igabanya igipimo cyo guhinduka hafi 7%, nkuko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Akamai bubitangaza. Iyo bidasubirwaho I / O yongeyeho isegonda yuzuye kuri fagitire yawe cyangwa raporo yipakurura, ntabwo uba utwitse gusa - utwika amafaranga.

Aho Porogaramu Yubucuruzi Yavanze Imikorere

Ntabwo ibintu byose byaremewe bingana iyo bigeze kuri I / O. Bimwe mubikorwa bisanzwe byubucuruzi nabyo ni abakoze ibyaha bibi kubushake:

• • Igishushanyo kirasobanutse: uko module nyinshi nibiranga urubuga rutanga, inzira I / O ziragwira. Igikoresho cyoroshye-muri-bio gishobora kubyara ibibazo 10 kurupapuro rwumutwaro. Sisitemu yuzuye yubucuruzi hamwe na CRM, inyemezabuguzi, HR, umushahara, kubika, hamwe nisesengura - nkibyo Mewayz atanga mubice 207 byayo - bishobora kubyara amajana. Itandukaniro riri hagati yurubuga rwumva ako kanya kandi rwumva ko ari umunebwe akenshi ruza muburyo bwubwenge ubwo buryo bwa I / O bucungwa inyuma yinyuma.

    Kuki Gutera Ibyuma Mubibazo bidakora

    Inkomoko iyo porogaramu zitinda ni ukuzamura. Seriveri nini, SSDs yihuse, RAM nyinshi. Mugihe ibyuma bitezimbere bifasha, bakurikiza umurongo wo kugabanuka kugaruka bigatuma CFOs itoroha. Kwikuba kabiri ububiko bwa seriveri ya RAM kuva 64GB kugeza 128GB birashobora kuzamura igipimo cya cache kuva kuri 92% kugeza kuri 96% - inyungu ifatika, ariko 4% ya cache yabuze iracyafite ububiko hamwe na I / O. Kwikuba inshuro eshatu IOPS yawe kuri AWS kuva 3000 kugeza 10,000 igura hafi $ 450 $ buri kwezi ariko birashobora kunoza inshuro zo gusubiza p99 kuri 30%.

    Ikibazo nyacyo ni ubwubatsi. Ibisanzwe I / O akenshi ni ikimenyetso cyibibazo byimbitse: kubura cyangwa gutegurwa nabi, indangagaciro za N + 1 aho porogaramu ituma base base imwe ihamagara kuri buri kintu aho guterana, gahunda zisanzwe zisanzwe zisaba guhuza ameza atanu kumurongo umwe werekana, no kubura kopi zasomwe cyangwa cashe layer. Kuvugurura ibyuma bivura ibimenyetso. Ubwubatsi bwubaka buvura impamvu.

    Igikorwa gihenze cyane I / O nicyo kitagomba kubaho mbere yambere. Kuri buri dorari ryakoreshejwe mububiko bwihuse, amafaranga icumi yakoreshejwe kubibazo byo gutanga ibisubizo bitanga ibisubizo byiza. Ibigo byatsindiye imikorere ntibirenza amarushanwa yabo - batekereza-uburyo bwo kubona amakuru.

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    Ingamba zifatika zigabanya mubyukuri I / O

    Kugabanya ibintu bidasanzwe I / O ntibisaba kwandika byuzuye gusaba. Irasaba impinduka zigamije, zapimwe kuburyo amakuru abikwa, aboneka, na cashe. Dore ingamba zitanga ingaruka zisumba izindi:

    1. Shyira mubikorwa ibibazo bikaze. Simbuza N + 1 ikibazo cyibibazo hamwe nubushake bwo gupakira. Niba akazu kawe karimo abakiriya 50 nibikorwa byabo bya vuba, uzane ibikorwa 50 byose mubikorwa mubibazo bimwe ukoresheje AHO umukiriya_id IN (...) aho gushakisha 50 kugiti cye. Ibi byonyine birashobora kugabanya I / O kuri 80% kurutonde rwurutonde.
    2. Koresha ibipimo ngenderwaho muburyo bunoze.
    3. Kumenyekanisha igikoresho cyo gutesha agaciro no gutesha agaciro ubwenge. Redis cyangwa Memcached irashobora kubikorera muri microseconds, ikuraho ibihumbi byasomwe bidasanzwe kumunota.
    4. Mbere yo kubara ibyegeranijwe. Gucuruza umubare muto wamakuru mashya kugirango agabanuke cyane mugihe nyacyo I / O.
    5. Gutandukanya ameza manini ukoresheje uburyo bwo kugera.

    Ubu ntabwo ari tekiniki zidasanzwe. Nuburyo bumwe butuma urubuga rukora ibihumbi magana byabakoresha kugirango bakomeze sub-isegonda yigihe cyo gusubiza murwego rugoye, rwinshi-module. Igihe Mewayz yongeye kubaka ubwubatsi bwayo kuri V2 - gupima kuva kumurongo umwe-muri-bio kugeza kuri 207-module yubucuruzi ya OS ikorera abayikoresha barenga 138.000 - guhuza uburyo bwa I / O uburyo bwo kwinjira byari ishingiro kugirango iryo kwaguka rishoboke nta kugwiza ibiciro remezo ugereranije.

    Ingaruka Zingirakamaro Kuburambe bw'abakoresha no kugumana

    Imikorere ntabwo ihangayikishijwe gusa - nibiranga ibicuruzwa. Ubushakashatsi bwa Google bwerekanye ko 53% by'abakoresha telefone zigendanwa bareka page itwara amasegonda arenga 3 kugirango yikore . Kubikorwa byubucuruzi aho abakoresha bakorana inshuro mirongo kumunsi, kwihanganira ni hasi. Umuyobozi uhembwa ukora raporo ya buri cyumweru, kuyobora HR isuzuma abasaba, cyangwa kugurisha kugenzura kugenzura imiyoboro - aba bakoresha batezimbere imyumvire yihuse. Ntibashobora kuvuga "ubukererwe bwa I / O ku kibazo cyo gukusanya inyemezabuguzi kiri hejuru cyane," ariko bazavuga "iyi software yumva itinze" hanyuma batangire gusuzuma ubundi buryo.

    Ingaruka yo guteranya irashobora gupimwa. Ihuriro ryipakurura imbaho ​​muri 800m aho kuba amasegonda 2.4 ntabwo ryumva 3x byihuse - rihindura imyitwarire yo gukoresha. Abakoresha bagenzura amakuru kenshi, bagashakisha module nyinshi, kandi binjiza igikoresho cyane mubikorwa byabo. Gusezerana cyane bitera kugumana cyane, bigatwara agaciro k'ubuzima bwose. Slack uzwi cyane ko igice kinini cyikura ryacyo hakiri kare biterwa no gukora neza, akamenya ko umuvuduko ubwawo wari umwobo uhiganwa.

    Kuri bose-muri-imwe yubucuruzi, iyi ngaruka iragwira muri buri module. Niba CRM yihuta ariko inyemezabuguzi iratinda, imyumvire ya platform yose irababara. Guhuza imikorere mubikorwa - kuva kubuyobozi bukurikirana kugeza kumato ukurikirana kugeza kubisesengura - bisaba guhora utezimbere I / O ishusho ahantu hose, ntabwo ari muburyo bugaragara.

    Gupima Ibyingenzi: Gukora I / O Bisanzwe

    Ntushobora gukosora ibyo udashobora kubona. Intambwe yambere mugukemura ibiciro bya I / O bidasanzwe nukugirango bigaragare mubikorwa bya injeniyeri yawe nibikorwa. Ibikoresho bigezweho byo kwitegereza nka Datadog, Ibisigisigi bishya, cyangwa nibisubizo bifungura isoko nka Prometheus hamwe na Grafana birashobora gukurikirana imiterere ya IOPS, ikibazo cyo gutinda kubibazo, hamwe na cache hit mugihe nyacyo. Ibipimo bifite akamaro kanini ni:

    • p95 na p99 ikibazo cyubukererwe: Impuzandengo yikigereranyo ihisha ububabare. 95 na 99 ku ijana byerekana icyo utinda - kandi ubabaye cyane - abakoresha mubyukuri
    • Cache hit ratio: Ikigereranyo kiri munsi ya 95% kuri sisitemu yatunganijwe neza byerekana uburyo bwo kubona amakuru adakorerwa mububiko

    Yitwaje aya makuru, amakipe arashobora gushyira imbere ingaruka-nziza cyane kuruta gukeka. Ubucuruzi bufata imikorere ya I / O nkibipimo byo mu rwego rwa mbere - hamwe nigihe cyo hejuru, igipimo cyamakosa, hamwe no kunyurwa kwabakoresha - guhora bitanga ibicuruzwa byihuse kubiciro buke. Ku isoko aho abakoresha biteze ko ibikoresho byubucuruzi byitabira nka porogaramu zabaguzi, iyo disipuline ntabwo ari ngombwa. Ni itandukaniro riri hagati yurubuga rupima neza kubakoresha 138.000 nimwe rukurikirana munsi yacyo.

    Hindura ubucuruzi bwawe hamwe na Mewayz

    Mewayz azana module 207 yubucuruzi muburyo bumwe - CRM, inyemezabuguzi, imicungire yimishinga, nibindi byinshi. Injira kubakoresha 138.000+ boroheje akazi kabo.

    {"@ imiterere": "https: \ / \ / schema.org", "@ ubwoko": "FAQPage", "mainEntity": [{ \ u2014 CRM, inyemezabuguzi, imicungire yimishinga, nibindi byinshi. Injira kubakoresha 138.000+ boroheje akazi kabo. "}}]}

    Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa

    Niki mubyukuri bidasanzwe I / O, kandi ni ukubera iki bitinda cyane?

    Ibisanzwe I / O bibaho iyo sisitemu isomye cyangwa yandika uduce duto twamakuru kuva ahantu hatandukanye, hatari ikurikiranye kuri disiki yabitswe. Bitandukanye na I / O bikurikiranye (gusoma dosiye gutangira-kurangiza), gusoma / kwandika umutwe bigomba guhora bisimbuka, bigatera gutinda kumubiri. Ninimpamvu yambere yibibazo byububiko buzana inyandiko zitatanye biratinda cyane kuruta kohereza dosiye nini ya videwo, nubwo umubare wamakuru ari muto.

    Nigute I / O idahwitse igira ingaruka mubikorwa byanjye byubucuruzi?

    Ihindura muburyo butaziguye uburambe bwabakoresha nubushobozi. Gusubiza buhoro buhoro gusubiza abakiriya, biganisha ku guta igare hamwe namatike yo gushyigikira. Kubakozi, ubunebwe CRMs nibikoresho byo gutanga amakuru bitakaza igihe cyagaciro. Uku gutinda guhindurwa mubiciro bifatika: igurishwa ryatakaye, kugabanuka kwabakozi, hamwe nibishobora kwangiza ikirango cyawe cyo kwitabira. Buri segonda yubukererwe ifite agaciro k'ifaranga.

    Ntabwo arikibazo cyibikoresho gusa? Ntabwo nshobora kugura SSDs byihuse?

    Mugihe byihuse SSDs ifasha, nibisubizo bihenze kandi akenshi bituzuye. Intandaro mubisanzwe ni software idakora neza ikora ibintu byinshi bito, bitatanye. Gutezimbere kode ya progaramu hamwe nibibazo byububiko kugirango ugabanye I / O bidasanzwe ni byiza cyane. Ibisubizo nka Mewayz , hamwe na 207 yabanjirije iyubatswe guhera kuri $ 19 / mo, byashizweho kugirango byorohereze uburyo bwo kubona amakuru neza.

    Niyihe ntambwe yambere yo kumenya niba bidasanzwe I / O ari icyuho cyanjye?

    Tangira nibikoresho byawe byo kugenzura imikorere. Reba ububiko bwububiko bwerekana ibikorwa byo gusoma / kwandika cyane kumasegonda (IOPS) hamwe nibibazo bitinze. Umwirondoro wawe kugirango umenye kenshi, ibibazo bito. Niba umukoresha umwe ibikorwa bitera imbarutso yamakuru yumuntu ku giti cye aho kuba make, ushobora kuba warabonye ikibazo cya I / O kidasanzwe gikeneye gukemurwa.

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