Atome ya Rydberg itahura ibimenyetso bisobanutse kuri radiyo

Kwakira Quantum Yatoye Gusa Ikimenyetso cya Walkie-Ikiganiro - Kandi gihindura byose

Mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, itumanaho rya radiyo ryashingiye ku buhanga bumwe bwibanze: antenne yicyuma ihindura imiraba ya electromagnetique mubyuma byamashanyarazi. Irakora, ariko izana imipaka igaragara - imbogamizi zingana, imipaka yinshuro, hamwe nintege nke zo kwivanga. Noneho, abashakashatsi berekanye ikintu gishobora kwandika amategeko burundu. Ukoresheje atome ya Rydberg - atome hamwe na electron zishimiye imbaraga zidasanzwe zidasanzwe - abahanga bavumbuye neza ibimenyetso bisobanutse kandi byumvikana byanyujijwe kuri radio isanzwe. Ibi ntabwo ari iterambere rya laboratoire. Nibimenyetso-byerekana ko fiziki ya kwantum ishobora gusimbuza ikoranabuhanga rya antenne rimaze ibinyejana byinshi hamwe nikintu gisumba byose, kandi ingaruka ziva mubitumanaho birinda uburyo ubucuruzi bwa buri munsi buyobora ibikorwa byabwo no guhuza.

Atome ya Rydberg ni iki kandi kuki ugomba kubyitaho?

Atome ya Rydberg ni atom aho electron imwe cyangwa nyinshi zashimishijwe numubare munini cyane wa kwant - rimwe na rimwe ugera ku gaciro ka 50, 100, cyangwa kurenga. Kuri izo nzego, electron izenguruka intera nini ya nucleus ugereranije nubutaka bwayo, bigatuma atom yunvikana bidasanzwe mumashanyarazi yo hanze. Atome imwe ya Rydberg irashobora kuba inshuro 10 000 kurenza atome isanzwe ya leta-yubutaka, hamwe no kwiyumvisha umunzani wumuriro wa electromagnetique hamwe nubunini.

Iyi sensitivite niyo ituma atome ya Rydberg akundwa cyane nkiyakira radio. Antenne gakondo igomba kuba ifite ubunini bwumubiri kugirango ihuze nuburebure bwumurongo babonye - inzitizi yibanze igabanya miniaturizasi no kwakira umurongo mugari. Rydberg atome kuruhande rwose. Imyuka ya pompe ntoya kurenza agasanduku gahuye, yuzuyemo atome ya cesium cyangwa rubidium ishimishijwe na laseri zisobanutse neza, irashobora gutahura ibimenyetso mumirongo yumurongo uva kuri kilohertz kugeza terahertz. Mu myiyerekano iherutse, abashakashatsi bahinduye imashini yabo ya Rydberg kugira ngo bafate ikimenyetso cya VHF kuri radiyo y’ubucuruzi ikora kuri MHz hafi 150 - umurongo ukoreshwa n’abashubije bwa mbere, indege, ndetse na radiyo y’ubucuruzi itabarika ku isi.

Ikimenyetso nticyagaragaye gusa nkamakuru yibanze. Yerekanwe kandi yerekana amajwi asobanutse, byerekana ko abakira ba Rydberg bashobora gukora nkibikoresho byitumanaho bifatika, atari amatsiko ya laboratoire gusa.

Impamvu Iterambere Ryingenzi Kurenza Quantum Yambere Yumva Demo

Kwumva kwa Quantum byatanze imitwe ishimishije mbere, ariko imyigaragambyo myinshi yabayeho mubidukikije bigenzurwa cyane nibihe byiza. Igitandukanya iki gisubizo nukuri-kwisi gukoreshwa. Radiyo ifite intoki ni nka transmitter isanzwe nkuko ushobora kubisanga - ikoreshwa na bateri, yoroheje, ikora kurwego rusanzwe rwubucuruzi mubusanzwe hagati ya watt 1 na 5. Kuba Rydberg yakira atom ishobora gukuramo ibimenyetso byifashishwa mubikoresho bisanzwe byerekana ko ikoranabuhanga rirenze ibimenyetso-ngenderwaho biganisha ku buhanga nyabwo.

Sisitemu ya antenne gakondo ibabazwa nimbogamizi zizwi cyane abakira Rydberg bashobora gutsinda:

• Guhuza Ingano-inshuro: Antenne isanzwe igomba kuba igice kinini cyuburebure bwintego, bigatuma kwakirwa gake bisaba imiterere nini kumubiri. Rydberg yakira decouple detection kuva mubunini bwumubiri rwose.
• Atome ya Rydberg irashobora guhuzwa murwego runini gusa muguhindura imirongo ya laser, bigatuma porogaramu yakira umurongo mugari.
• Kwivanga kwa Electromagnetic: Antenne yicyuma itora urusaku ruva mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki hamwe nububiko. Abakira Rydberg bakoresha optique yo gusoma, bigatuma basanzwe badakingiwe muburyo bwinshi bwo kwivanga kwa electronique.
• Calibration drift: Abakira bisanzwe basaba kalibrasi yigihe runaka kubipimo ngenderwaho. Atome ya Rydberg itanga ibipimo-byo kwisuzumisha bikurikiranwa na atome yibanze, bitanga ibipimo byukuri biri munsi ya 1% ntaho bihuriye.

Izi nyungu zisobanura impamvu amashyirahamwe kuva DARPA kugeza muri laboratoire yubucuruzi yubucuruzi yashora imari cyane mubushakashatsi bwa atom ya Rydberg mumyaka itanu ishize, hamwe n’amafaranga arenga miliyoni 100 z'amadorali kwisi yose kuva 2020.

Kuva muri Laboratwari ya fiziki kugeza kubyoherejwe mu murima: Ibibazo byubwubatsi biri imbere

Nubwo byishimo, inzitizi zikomeye zubuhanga ziracyahari mbere yuko abakira Rydberg bagaragara mubicuruzwa byubucuruzi. Sisitemu iriho isaba laseri zisobanutse kugirango zishimishe atome muri leta zabo za Rydberg - mubisanzwe gahunda yo gushimisha fotoni ebyiri ukoresheje lazeri kuri 852 nm na 509 nm kuri atome ya cesium. Sisitemu ya laser, nubwo igenda yoroha, iracyakoresha imbaraga nyinshi kandi ifata amajwi menshi kuruta antenne yoroshye. Abashakashatsi bo mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubuziranenge n’ikoranabuhanga (NIST) hamwe na laboratoire nyinshi za kaminuza barimo gukora ibisubizo by’ibisubizo bifotora bishobora kugabanya sisitemu ya optique yose kuri platifike.

Guhagarara k'ubushyuhe ni ikindi kintu gihangayikishije. Imyuka ya Rydberg atom ikora neza mubushyuhe bugenzurwa, mubisanzwe hagati ya 25 ° C na 45 ° C, kugirango ikomeze ubucucike bwa atome. Kohereza mu murima ahantu hakabije - ubushyuhe bwo mu butayu, ubukonje bwa arctique, cyangwa kunyeganyega kw'imodoka igenda - bizana ibibazo abashinzwe laboratoire badahura nabyo. Nyamara, iterambere rya vuba mumyuka ya mikorobe ikozwe na mikorobe hamwe nubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro bwerekanye ibisubizo bitanga icyizere, hamwe na prototypes zimwe na zimwe zigumana imikorere kurwego rwa 60 ° C ubushyuhe bwibidukikije.

Ikigereranyo-cy-urusaku nacyo gikeneye kunozwa kubikorwa bimwe. Mugihe amaradiyo yerekanwe yerekana amajwi asobanutse neza, ibyiyumvo byabakiriye biracyagera kubisanzwe byakira neza hafi 10-20 dB kubimenyetso byoroheje. Abashakashatsi barimo gukemura iki kibazo binyuze mu buhanga nka gahunda yo gushimisha amafoto menshi hamwe no gukoresha amashanyarazi mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki (EIT), hamwe n’iterambere rya buri mwaka hafi 3-5 dB byavuzwe mu bitabo bya vuba.

Itumanaho ryubucuruzi mu isi ya nyuma ya Antenna

Ingaruka zifatika za radiyo yakira kwaduka irenze kure ibya gisirikare na siyanse. Reba ibikorwa remezo byitumanaho ubucuruzi bugezweho bushingiye kumunsi. Kuva kuri sisitemu yububiko bwa radio hamwe no kohereza imiyoboro kugeza kuri sensor ya IoT hamwe na Wi-Fi yubatswe, itumanaho rya electromagnetic rishingiye kumurimo wose ukora. Ikoranabuhanga rishobora kwakira kuri radiyo yose hamwe nigikoresho kimwe, cyoroshye gishobora koroshya muburyo ubucuruzi bwubaka no kubungabunga ibikorwa remezo byitumanaho.

Tekinoroji ihindura cyane ntabwo itezimbere sisitemu iriho - ikuraho inzitizi zabashizeho. Rydberg atom yakira ntabwo ikora antene nziza; bakora igitekerezo cya antenne yihariye ya antenna ishaje.

Kubucuruzi bucunga ibikorwa bigoye ahantu henshi, urwego rwitumanaho akenshi usanga rutagaragara ariko rukomeye. Amahuriro nka Mewayz , ahuza module 207 ikora - kuva CRM na fagitire kugeza gucunga amato no guhuza amakipe - muri OS imwe yubucuruzi, bimaze kwerekana agaciro ko guhuza sisitemu yacitsemo ibice. Nka kwant sensing tekinoroji ikuze kandi igafasha ibyuma byitumanaho byoroshye, bidasubirwaho, porogaramu ya software itegura ibikorwa byubucuruzi bizarushaho gukomera. Tekereza sisitemu yo gucunga amato akomeza guhuza umurongo uwo ariwo wose wa radiyo, cyangwa itsinda rya serivisi zumurima zifite itumanaho rihita rihuza n’imiterere yaho - umugongo wimikorere utangwa na porogaramu ihuriweho hamwe byaba ngombwa mugukoresha ubwo buryo bworoshye.

Amahirwe yo Kugenzura Amahirwe

Imwe muma progaramu yigihe gito aho abakira Rydberg bashoboraga kubona kwakirwa byihuse ni ugukurikirana no kuyobora. Guverinoma n'inzego zishinzwe kugenzura nka FCC zikoresha miriyari buri mwaka kugenzura imikoreshereze ya radiyo ikoreshwa, kumenya imiyoboro itemewe, no gucunga itangwa rya radiyo. Igenzura ryubu risaba imirongo ya antene zitandukanye hamwe niyakira kugirango bipfundikire ibintu byose - uburyo buhenze, kubungabunga-uburemere.

Icyuma kimwe cya Rydberg atom gishobora gusimbuza umurima wose wa antenne, gusikana muri HF ukoresheje imirongo ya microwave hamwe nigikoresho kingana na kawa ya kawa. Imiterere-yo-kwipimisha ibipimo bya atome bivuze ko ibyo byuma byifashisha byatanga ibipimo bikurikiranwa byemewe n'amategeko bitarimo ibihe bya kalibrasi byigihe ibikoresho bisaba - inzira ikaba ifata sitasiyo ikurikirana kumurongo iminsi myinshi buri mwaka.

" Ikurikiranabikorwa ryikora ryikorana hamwe nibikorwa bikora bishobora kwerekana ibibazo byivanga mugihe nyacyo, bifitanye isano nihungabana ryitumanaho hamwe namakuru yingaruka zubucuruzi zikurikiranwa muri sisitemu nka Mewayz kugirango ugereranye ikiguzi nyacyo cyibibazo bya spekure kandi ushire imbere gukemura.

Ibizakurikiraho: Igihe ntarengwa cyo kwakira Quantum

Ukurikije inzira zubushakashatsi hamwe nurwego rwishoramari, indorerezi zinganda zerekana igihe ntarengwa cyo kwakira ibicuruzwa bya Rydberg. Mugihe cyimyaka 2-3, porogaramu zihariye mugukurikirana ibintu no gupima siyanse birashoboka ko bizagera ku isoko. Porogaramu za gisirikare no kwirwanaho, aho ingano, uburemere, hamwe nimbaraga zimbaraga zerekana ibiciro bihendutse, byashoboraga koherezwa mumirima mugihe gisa. Abaguzi nibisabwa mubucuruzi muri rusange biracyari kure - birashoboka ko imyaka 7-10 - mugihe hagitegerejwe ko hajyaho intambwe muri miniaturizasi ya laser no kugabanya ibiciro.

Iringaniza nubundi buryo bwa tekinoroji irigisha. Isaha ya Atome yakurikiranye inzira isa: kuva ibikoresho bya laboratoire nini ya laboratoire mu myaka ya za 1950 kugeza ibikoresho bya chip biboneka ku madorari 1.500 uyumunsi. Ingingo nyamukuru ihindagurika yaje mugihe ibice bifotora bifasha - laseri, disikete, nibintu bya optique - byakozwe mubipimo. Kubakira Rydberg, iyo ngingo ihindagurika iragenda yegereza uko fotonike ihuriweho ikuze hamwe na vertical-cavity surface-isohora lazeri (VCSELs) igera kuburebure bwumurongo ukenewe hamwe nurwego ruhamye.

Kubucuruzi-butekereza imbere, gufata ibyemezo ntabwo ari ugutegereza ko kwanti yakira. Nukubaka ibikorwa remezo bikora - urubuga ruhuriweho, imiterere yamakuru yoroheje, ibikorwa byitumanaho bihuza ibikorwa - bishobora kwinjiza no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rihindura uko bigaragara. Amashyirahamwe yahanganye cyane no guhindura imibare ntabwo yari afite ibyuma bishaje; bari bafite sisitemu ya software yacitsemo ibice idashobora guhuza. Kubaka kumurongo uhuriweho uno munsi, waba ucunga abakozi 5 cyangwa 5.000, utanga umusingi wo kubyaza umusaruro icyaricyo cyose gikurikiraho cyo guhanga udushya twatanze.

Ishusho Nini: Iyo Atome isimbuye Antene

Kumenya neza ibimenyetso bya radiyo bifashishije ukoresheje atom ya Rydberg nintambwe yibintu bifitanye isano nibindi bihe mugihe fiziki ya kwantant yatorotse laboratoire ikinjira mwisi ifatika - transistor ya mbere, laser ya mbere, satelite ya mbere ya GPS ikoresheje ibipimo bya atome. Bumwe muri ubwo buhanga bwatwaye imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo kugira ngo buve mu myiyerekano bugere hose, ariko buri kimwe cyahinduye inganda mu buryo ababihimbye batigeze babivuga.

Itumanaho rya radiyo ninganda zingana na miliyari 45 z'amadorali y’inganda zikora ku mahame amwe kuva Marconi yanduza bwa mbere transatlantike mu 1901. Ikirangantego cya atom ya Rydberg ntisubira kuri ayo mahame - kibasimbuza ikintu cyakuwe mu ishami rya fiziki ritandukanye rwose. Kubucuruzi, injeniyeri, naba stratégies b'ikoranabuhanga, ibimenyetso biva kuri iyo radiyo y'intoki ntabwo ari amajwi gusa. Nubutumwa bwumvikana, budashidikanywaho ko ejo hazaza h’umuriro wa elegitoroniki no gutumanaho ari atome, kandi amashyirahamwe ahagaze neza kugirango yungukire ni ayari asanzwe akorera ku mbuga zoroshye ku buryo zigenda zihindagurika hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga.