Kubaka sisitemu nini yo gutondekanya: Ububiko bwububiko bwububiko bukora miriyoni

Mugihe Uber yatunganije icyifuzo cyayo cyambere cyo gutwara muri 2010, sisitemu yakoze impanuka munsi yumutwaro muto. Sisitemu yo gutondekanya hakiri kare ya Airbnb inshuro ebyiri. Izi nkuru zigaragaza ukuri kwisi yose: sisitemu zo gutumaho zisa nkoroshye kugeza igihe uzikenera. Waba wubaka urubuga rwa SaaS kubwo kubonana, gukodesha ibiruhuko, cyangwa kubika resitora, itandukaniro riri hagati ya prototype na sisitemu yiteguye kubyara umusaruro uva mububiko bwububiko hamwe nuburyo bwa API bushobora gukemura ibibazo nyabyo byisi.

Ikibazo Cyibanze: Guhuriza hamwe nuburinganire bwamakuru

Sisitemu yo gutumaho ihura nibibazo bidasanzwe byo gupima ibintu byinshi bitigera bihura nabyo. Ikibazo cyibanze ntabwo gikemura ibibazo byinshi-birinda kubitsa kabiri mugihe gikomeza inshuro ya kabiri. Mugihe abakoresha babiri bagerageje gutondekanya umutungo umwe icyarimwe, sisitemu yawe igomba kwemeza ko umwe gusa atsinze atinjije inzitizi zitinda urubuga rwose.

Uburyo bwa gakondo bwo gufunga akenshi butera ibibazo byimikorere munsi yumutwaro. Uburyo bworoshye bushobora gukoresha umurongo-urwego rufunga muri base de base, ariko ibi birashobora gutuma habaho igihe ntarengwa namakosa yigihe mugihe ibihumbi byabakoresha bahatanira amikoro make. Igisubizo gisaba guhuza ibishushanyo mbonera, ingamba zo kubika, hamwe na API ikorera hamwe kugirango ibungabunge ukuri kandi byihuse.

Igishushanyo mbonera cyububiko bwubunini

Ububiko bwawe bwububiko bugize urufatiro rwa sisitemu yo gutumaho. Igishushanyo cyateguwe neza giteganya imbogamizi kandi cyubaka mubisubizo guhera muntangiriro.

Ibikoresho hamwe nimbonerahamwe iboneka

Tangira ukoresheje imbonerahamwe yerekana ibikoresho bishobora gutondekwa - haba ibyumba bya hoteri, aho wasezeranye, cyangwa amazu akodeshwa. Buri soko igomba kugira ibiranga byihariye na metadata kubyerekeye amategeko yo kubika. Imbonerahamwe iboneka ikurikirana iyo umutungo ari ubuntu cyangwa urimo, ariko wirinde ikosa risanzwe ryo kubika umwanya wose ushoboka.

Ahubwo, tekereza ku buryo bushingiye ku byabaye aho wandika gusa zahagaritswe. Kubara kuboneka muburyo bukomeye ukoresheje ibikoresho byateganijwe gahunda ukuyemo ibihe byateganijwe. Ibi bigabanya ibisabwa mububiko kandi byoroshya kumenya amakimbirane.

Gutondekanya no kugurisha Imbonerahamwe

Imbonerahamwe yawe yo gutondekanya igomba gutandukanya icyifuzo cyo gutumiza no gutumiza kurangiza. Shyiramo imirima ikurikirana ibihe byubuzima kuva 'gutegereza' kugeza 'byemejwe' kugeza 'guhagarikwa'. Imbonerahamwe itandukanye yubucuruzi ikemura ubwishyu, gusubizwa, nubwiyunge bwamafaranga. Uku gutandukana kwemeza ko logique yo kubika ikomeza kuba isuku nubwo gutunganya ubwishyu biba bigoye.

Gukemura ibyifuzo bisabwa hamwe

Iyo abakoresha benshi bagamije umwanya umwe, sisitemu yawe ikenera gukemura amakimbirane akomeye. Ububiko bwububiko hamwe nurwego rukwiye rwo kwigunga bitanga umusingi, ariko ntibihagije mubipimo.

• Igenzura ryiza rya Optimistic: Koresha nimero ya verisiyo cyangwa ingengabihe kugirango umenye igihe umutungo wahindutse hagati yo gusoma no kwandika
• • Kubika abakiriya kuruhande: Fata by'agateganyo ibikoresho kubakoresha mugihe cyo gutumiza

  Buri buryo bugira ibicuruzwa. Guhitamo neza bikora neza kubutunzi butagabanijwe ariko birashobora gutuma abakoresha batenguha niba amakimbirane ari menshi. Sisitemu ishingiye ku murongo yemeza ubutabera ariko ikongeramo ubukererwe. Igisubizo cyiza gikunze guhuza ingamba nyinshi zishingiye kumikoreshereze yihariye.

  Igishushanyo mbonera cya API kuri sisitemu yo gutumaho

  Igishushanyo cya API cyerekana uburyo abakiriya bakorana na sisitemu yo gutumaho kandi bigira ingaruka zikomeye kubunini. Amahame asigaye atanga intangiriro nziza, ariko sisitemu zo gutumiza zunguka muburyo bwihariye.

  Ibikorwa bidafite imbaraga

  Ibibazo byurusobe birashobora gutera ibyifuzo bibiri. Shushanya inyandiko yawe yo gushiraho amaherezo kugirango ube udafite imbaraga - bivuze ibyifuzo byigana hamwe nurufunguzo rumwe rudafite imbaraga nta ngaruka zinyongera. Shyiramo umukiriya-utanga urufunguzo rwibanze mubisabwa hanyuma ubibike hamwe na booking kugirango wirinde kwigana.

  Kwemeza bidafite ubwenegihugu no gufunga

  Koresha ibimenyetso bya JWT cyangwa ibisa nkibyo bidafite ubwenegihugu kugirango wirinde amakuru yububiko kuri buri guhamagara API. Shyira mubikorwa cache muburyo bufatika-cache ibikoresho biboneka amakuru yibitero mugihe witondeye gutesha agaciro cashe ako kanya mugihe bibaye. Redis cyangwa ibisa nububiko bwamakuru arashobora kugabanya umutwaro wububiko kuri 80% cyangwa birenga kubikorwa-biremereye.

  Sisitemu yo gutondekanya cyane ifata data base nkisoko yukuri ariko wirinde kuyikoresha nkikintu cya mbere cyo guhuza ibikorwa byose.

  Intambwe ku yindi: Gushyira mu bikorwa Urupapuro rukomeye rwo gutumiza

  Kubaka sisitemu yo gutondekanya umunzani bisaba gukurikirana neza ibikorwa. Kurikiza uru rugamba rwageragejwe kugirango uhuze imikorere nuburinganire bwamakuru.

  1. Kugenzura Kuboneka: Ikibazo cyihishe amakuru yaboneka kugirango yerekane byihuse abakoresha ibyo banditse
  2. Gufata by'agateganyo: Shyira igihe gito (iminota 2-5) gufunga ibikoresho wifuza
  3. Gutunganya ubwishyu: Kusanya amakuru yo kwishyura mugihe umutungo wabitswe
  4. Kurema Ibitabo: Kora inyandiko zanditse mububiko bwububiko hamwe no kumenya amakimbirane
  5. Kwemeza: Ohereza imeri yemeza / inyandiko hamwe no kuvugurura cashe
  6. Isuku: Kurekura gufata by'agateganyo no kuvugurura cashe iboneka

  Uru rugendo rwemeza ko abakoresha badafite ikibazo cyo gutiza ikintu gusa kugirango umenye ko cyafashwe. Gufata by'agateganyo bibaha idirishya rigufi ryihariye kugirango barangize booking zabo mugihe babuza sisitemu guhagarikwa mugihe cyo kwishyura.

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  Ingamba zo Gupima Uburyo butandukanye bwo Gutwara

  Sisitemu zose zo gutumaho ntabwo zihura ningorane zingana. Urubuga rwo kubika resitora rufite urujya n'uruza rwinshi, mugihe itike yigitaramo ihura nibisumizi mugihe ibirori bizwi bigurishwa. Ubwubatsi bwawe bugomba guhuza nuburyo buteganijwe bwo kwikorera.

  Ingamba zo Gusangira Ububiko

  Iyo amakuru yawe yo kubika akuze arenze ibyo base base imwe ishobora gukora, gukata biba ngombwa. Gutambika gutambitse ukurikije ubwoko bwumutungo, akarere ka geografiya, cyangwa italiki ikwirakwiza umutwaro murwego rwububiko bwinshi. Kurubuga rwisi, tekereza gutondekanya mukarere kugirango amakuru agumane hafi yabakoresha.

  Ubwubatsi bwa Microservices

  Gabanya sisitemu yo gutumaho muri serivisi zihariye: serivisi iboneka, serivisi yo gutumaho, serivisi yo kwishyura, serivisi yo kumenyesha. Ibi bituma buri kintu gipima kwigenga ukurikije uburyo bwihariye bwo kwikorera. Serivisi yo gutumaho irashobora gukenera guhagarikwa mugihe cyibihe byinshi, mugihe serivise yo kumenyesha irashobora guturika gutambitse.

  Gukurikirana no Gukwirakwiza Ibikorwa

  Ntushobora guhitamo ibyo udapima. Shyira mubikorwa byuzuye kuva kumunsi wambere kugirango umenye inzitizi mbere yuko zigira ingaruka kubakoresha.

  Kurikirana ibipimo by'ingenzi nko gutondekanya igihe cyo kurangiza, igipimo cyamakosa kumpera, imikorere yububiko, hamwe na cache hit ratios. Shiraho imenyesha ryuburyo budasanzwe - imitunganyirize itunguranye yo kunanirwa gutumiza irashobora kwerekana ikibazo gihuye, mugihe gutinda kubibazo byabajijwe bishobora kwerekana ko bikenewe ko habaho optimizasiyo cyangwa urutonde.

  Koresha ibikoresho byo kugenzura imikorere (APM) kugirango ukurikirane ibyifuzo ukoresheje sisitemu yawe yose. Ibi bifasha kumenya neza aho inzitizi zibera-haba muri kode yawe yo gusaba, ibibazo byububiko, cyangwa guhamagara API yo hanze.

  Kazoza-Kwemeza Ububiko bwawe bwububiko

  Sisitemu yo gutondeka neza yubatswe kugirango ihindurwe. Shushanya sisitemu yawe hamwe nokwagura ingingo zemerera ibintu bishya nta nyandiko zanditse. Shyira mubikorwa ibendera kugirango uhindure buhoro buhoro impinduka. Gahunda yo kumenyekanisha mumahanga kuva muntangiriro - gufata umwanya wigihe hamwe no kwimenyekanisha bigenda biba ingenzi uko ugenda wiyongera kwisi yose.

  Reba uburyo tekinoloji igaragara ishobora kugira ingaruka mubwubatsi bwawe. Kwiga imashini birashobora guhindura ibiciro no kuboneka ukurikije uburyo busabwa. Ibihe-byukuri byogusohora birashobora guha imbaraga ibishya biboneka muri sisitemu zagabanijwe. Blockchain-ishingiye kubisubizo irashobora gutanga amaherezo-yerekana inyandiko zerekana ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro kanini.

  Kubaka igipimo ntabwo bivuze guhanura neza ejo hazaza - ni ugushiraho urufatiro rworoshye kugirango ruhuze no gukura gutunguranye nibisabwa bishya. Sisitemu itera imbere nizo ziringaniza ubunyangamugayo bwamakuru hamwe nuburyo bworoshye bwo guhinduka nkuko ubucuruzi bukeneye guhinduka.

  Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa

  Ni irihe kosa rikunze kugaragara mu kubika sisitemu yububiko?

  Ikosa rikunze kugaragara ni ugukora imbonerahamwe iboneka ibika igihe cyose gishoboka, igacungwa kurwego. Ahubwo, koresha ibyabaye bishingiye kuburyo bubara kuboneka no kubika.

  Nigute nakwirinda kubika kabiri mugihe cyimodoka nyinshi?

  Koresha uruvange rwo kugenzura ibyiringiro, kugenzura igihe gito, no gufunga ibikorwa bya API bidafite imbaraga. Kubintu byinshi-bisabwa cyane, shyira mubikorwa sisitemu ishingiye kumurongo kugirango ukemure ibyifuzo bikurikiranye.

  Ni uruhe rwego rwo kwigunga rwiza arirwo rwiza rwo kubika sisitemu?

  Koresha Serializable kwigunga kubikorwa bikomeye byo gutumiza kugirango wirinde gusoma fantom no kwemeza amakuru ahamye. Kubikorwa bidakomeye, Soma Wiyemeje hamwe na progaramu ikwiye yo gufunga irashobora gutanga imikorere myiza.

  Nigute nshobora kugabanya ububiko bwububiko muri sisitemu yo gutumaho?

  .

  Ni ryari nkwiye gutekereza kugabanya ububiko bwanjye bwo kubika?

  Tekereza guswera mugihe data base yawe igeze kumupaka wacyo uhagaritse, mubisanzwe hafi ya 1-2TB yamakuru cyangwa mugihe ibikorwa byo kwandika biba byoroshye. Shard kumipaka karemano nkuturere twa geografiya cyangwa ubwoko bwumutungo.

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