11.8M Abanyaburayi bishyura imisoro leta badashobora gutora

Hirya no hino mu Muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, miliyoni 11.8 z’abaturage bishyura imisoro ku nyungu, umusoro ku nyongeragaciro, n’imisanzu mbonezamubano muri guverinoma badafite uburenganzira bwo gutora mu matora y’igihugu - paradox ishingiye kuri demokarasi ishingiye ku baturage bagera kuri mirongo itatu b’abatuye Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Iki kintu cyicaye mu masangano y’inshingano z’imari, guhagararira politiki, n’impagarara zitarakemuka hagati y’ubusugire bw’igihugu no kwishyira hamwe kw’Uburayi.

Ninde Neza Miriyoni 11.8 z'abaturage ba EU basoreshwa nta bahagarariye igihugu?

Aba ni abenegihugu b’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi - abantu bakoresheje Amasezerano yabo uburenganzira bwo gutura no gukorera mu kindi gihugu. Injeniyeri wo muri Espagne ukorera mu Budage, umuforomo w’umuromani ukoreshwa na NHS muri Irilande, umwubatsi w’Abafaransa yatuye mu Buholandi. Mu mategeko y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, bafite uburenganzira busesuye bwo gutura no gukorera aho ariho hose mu muryango. Nyamara uburenganzira bwa politiki butangwa nigihugu cyakiriye burahagarara kurwego rwinteko ishinga amategeko ya komini nu Burayi. Bishyura imisoro yuzuye y’igihugu, batera inkunga gahunda y’izabukuru, batanga umusanzu mu kwivuza binyuze mu misoro y’imishahara - ariko ntibashobora gutora inteko zishinga amategeko zishyiraho iyo misoro, igashiraho izo pansiyo, cyangwa ngo zishyireho ingengo y’imari y’ubuzima.

Imibare ya miliyoni 11.8 ituruka muri data ya Eurostat ikurikirana urujya n'uruza rw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Ibihugu nka Luxembourg (aho hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’abakozi ari abenegihugu b’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi), Ububiligi, Irilande, na Otirishiya bifite byinshi byibandaho. Ubudage bwonyine bwakiriye abaturage barenga miliyoni 3 b’abanyagihugu b’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Umubare w'abaturage uhindagurika ukiri muto, wize, kandi ukora cyane mubukungu - mubyukuri itsinda ryibasiwe cyane n amategeko agenga isoko ryumurimo, politiki yimiturire, namategeko agenga imari.

Kuki EU yemerera iki cyuho cya demokarasi gukomeza?

Igisubizo kigufi ni ubusugire. Amatora y’igihugu akomeje kuba uburenganzira bw’ibihugu bigize uyu muryango hashingiwe ku masezerano y’ubu, kandi kwagura uburenganzira bw’itora ku baturage b’ibihugu by’Uburayi bimaze igihe kirekire bisaba ko hahindurwa amasezerano - inzira y’uburozi bwa politiki - cyangwa ivugurura ry’ubushake ku bushake na guverinoma ku giti cye. Ibihugu bike, birimo Danemarke na Finlande, byongereye uburenganzira buke bwo gutora ku baturage bamara igihe kirekire mu matora amwe n'amwe, ariko ibyo ntibisanzwe aho kuba politiki ihamye y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi.

Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi uha abenegihugu bagendanwa uburenganzira bwo gutora no guhagarara mu matora Inteko ishinga amategeko y’uburayi n’amatora y’amakomine mu gihugu kibakira. Ibi birasobanutse ariko ntibyuzuye. Ibyemezo by’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Uburayi bishyiraho amategeko, ariko Inteko zishinga amategeko zigenzura imisoro itaziguye, imyubakire y’imibereho, hamwe n’imikoreshereze y’ibanze ihita igenga ubuzima bw’ubukungu bwa buri munsi.

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Ni izihe ngaruka nyazo ku isi ku baturage bagizweho ingaruka?

Ingaruka ni ubukungu ndetse na psychologiya. Abaturage b’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi batangaza ko kwishora mu bikorwa bya politiki biri hasi, kumva ko bafite ibibazo by’abaturage, ndetse n’ibyemezo bifatika bijyanye n’aho gushinga imizi y'igihe kirekire bigorekwa no guhezwa muri politiki. Bamwe basubira mu gihugu cyabo cyane cyane gutora mu matora akomeye - ibisubizo bitumvikana bihana kwishyira hamwe.

• Kugaragaza gahunda ya pansiyo: Umusanzu muri gahunda ya pansiyo yakiriye mu gihugu utangwa mu myaka cyangwa imyaka mirongo, nyamara leta zicunga ayo mafaranga zitorwa nitsinda ritarimo abaterankunga.
• Imyubakire na politiki y’imibereho idahwitse: Amategeko y’imyubakire y’igihugu - kugenzura ubukode, kugabana amazu y’imibereho, gahunda y’inguzanyo - bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye abaturage bagendanwa badafite amajwi ku mashyaka asaba cyangwa arwanya izo ngamba.
• Intege nke z’amategeko agenga umurimo: Kurinda akazi, amategeko y’imishahara ntarengwa, n’uburenganzira bw’abakozi bishyirwaho ku rwego rw’igihugu n’ikigega cya leta kigendanwa cy’abakozi ariko ntigishobora kubazwa amatora.

Ni irihe vugurura risabwa gukemura iki kibazo cya demokarasi?

Inteko ishinga amategeko y’Uburayi yahamagariye ibihugu bigize uyu muryango uburenganzira bw’itora bw’abaturage ku baturage b’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi mu gihe cyagenwe - ubusanzwe imyaka itanu, bikerekana urwego rwo gutura burundu. Ihuriro 2021 ryerekeye ejo hazaza h’Uburayi ryagaragaje mu buryo bweruye ko iki cyuho ari ikibazo cy’ibanze abaturage bagaragaje mu nama nyunguranabitekerezo ku mugabane wa Afurika.

Ibyifuzo byivugurura biva muburenganzira bwuzuye mumatora yigihugu nyuma yimyaka itanu atuye, kugeza kubindi bikorwa byoroheje nkuburenganzira bwa referendumu bwungurana ibitekerezo cyangwa iburanisha ryinteko ishinga amategeko riteganijwe hamwe nabahagarariye abenegihugu bigendanwa mbere yuko amategeko yimisoro atorwa. Abadepite benshi basabye amabwiriza azategeka ibihugu bigize uyu muryango gutanga uburenganzira bwo gutora mu gihugu nyuma y’imyaka icumi yo gutura mu buryo budasubirwaho ndetse n’umusoro ukora - ariko nta tegeko ryubahiriza amategeko ryigeze risiba Inama Njyanama.

Ku rwego rw’igihugu, Ububiligi bwatekereje - kandi buhagarika - ivugurura mu 2023 ryemerera abenegihugu b’Uburayi gutora mu matora y’igihugu nyuma y’imyaka itanu. Ihuriro ry’Ubudage muri iki gihe ryaganiriye kuri iki kibazo ridatanga amategeko. Inzitizi za politiki zirahoraho: amashyaka ariho ahangayikishijwe n’amatsinda y’amatora atateganijwe; ibikorwa byo guharanira inyungu z'igihugu byerekana kwaguka nk'iterabwoba.

Nigute Gucunga imipaka ihuza imipaka ihuza ibikoresho Abanyamwuga ba kijyambere bakeneye?

Miliyoni 11.8 zabaturage b’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bagendagenda kuri ibi bidukikije ni ba rwiyemezamirimo batagereranywa, abigenga, abakozi ba kure, n’inzobere bakora ibikorwa mu nkiko nyinshi. Gucunga iyubahirizwa, imisoro, umubano wabakiriya, nibikorwa byubucuruzi byambukiranya imipaka bisaba ibikorwa remezo leta zigihugu zitinze gutanga. Icyo cyuho niho rwose aho urubuga nka Mewayz - sisitemu ya 207-module-imwe-imwe-imwe ya sisitemu yubucuruzi ikoreshwa n’abakoresha barenga 138.000 - ifasha abanyamwuga guhuriza hamwe ibikoresho byabo, gutangiza imitwaro yubuyobozi, no kwibanda ku kubaka batitaye ku mpande z’umupaka bita urugo.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa

Abenegihugu b’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bashobora gutora mu matora ayo ari yo yose mu gihugu kibakira?

Yego - Itegeko ry’amasezerano y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi riha abaturage b’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi uburenganzira bwo gutora no guhagarara nk’abakandida mu matora y’amakomine y’ibanze ndetse n’amatora y’Inteko ishinga amategeko y’Uburayi mu gihugu batuyemo. Icyakora, amatora y’abadepite mu gihugu agenzura imisoro itaziguye na politiki y’imibereho myinshi, akomeje kugarukira ku baturage b’igihugu cyakiriye. Ibi birema asimmetrie ishingiye kuri demokarasi: amatora afite akamaro k’amafaranga arakinguye; amatora agena igipimo cy'umusoro ntabwo.

Ese kwishyura imisoro mugihugu udashobora gutora bitemewe cyangwa kurenga ku mategeko y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi?

Oya. Amasezerano y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ntasaba ibihugu bigize uyu muryango kwagura uburenganzira bw’itora ku baturage b’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi baturutse mu bindi bihugu bigize uyu muryango. Urwego rw'amategeko yariho rwubatswe nkana kubungabunga ubusugire bw’amatora mu gihugu. Ibintu biremewe ariko biremerwa cyane - harimo n’inzego z’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi - nk’igihombo cya demokarasi kibangamira uburinganire bwa politiki ubwisanzure mu kugenda bwari bugamije gutera imbere.

Ni iki abenegihugu b’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bakora kugira ngo baharanire impinduka?

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