Tidalumikizana ndi C++ ya Ulusi Imodzi Ndi Dzimbiri Lokhala ndi Milu Yambiri

Kulumikiza kachidindo kamodzi ka C++ kokhala ndi dzimbiri lamitundu yambiri sikutheka - ndi imodzi mwa njira zothandiza kwambiri zosinthira zakale popanda kulembanso kwathunthu. Ku Mewayz, tidathana ndi vuto lomweli pokulitsa bizinesi yathu ya 207-module OS kuti ithandize ogwiritsa ntchito 138,000, ndipo zotsatira zake zidasintha momwe timaganizira za kugwirizana kwa makina.

Bwanji Mungaphatikizepo C++ Yokhala Ndi Ulusi Imodzi ndi Dzimbiri Lokhala ndi Milu Yambiri?

Makina ambiri opanga amakhala ndi zaka zamakhodi a C++ oyesedwa pankhondo. Kulembanso chilichonse mu Rust kumveka kosangalatsa pamapepala, koma kumabweretsa chiwopsezo chachikulu komanso miyezi yanthawi yaukadaulo. Njira yogwiritsiridwa ntchito ndiyomwe ikukulirakulira - kukulunga malingaliro a C++ pomwe mukutsitsa zolemetsa zolemetsa ku mtundu wa umwini wa Rust.

Kwa ife, ma module apakati abizinesi akhala akuyenda modalirika mu C++ yokhala ndi ulusi umodzi kwa zaka zambiri. Iwo ankagwira ntchito zotsatizana, kupanga zolemba, ndi kuwerengera ndalama. Koma pamene ogwiritsira ntchito athu amakula kupitirira 100K, tinkafunika kukonzanso deta yofananira, kugwiritsira ntchito API nthawi imodzi, ndi kayendetsedwe ka boma logawana nawo. Makhalidwe a Rust a Send ndi Sync adatipatsa zitsimikizo za nthawi yolumikizana kuti C++ siingathe kupereka popanda kuwunikira kwambiri pamanja.

Chilimbikitso chachikulu ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo. Mumasunga zomwe zimagwira ntchito, ndikuwonjezera masikelo - osatchova njuga pa codebase yanu yonse pakusamuka komwe sikungathe kutha.

Kodi malire a FFI Amagwira Ntchito Motani Kwenikweni?

The Foreign Function Interface (FFI) pakati pa C++ ndi Rust imagwira ntchito kudzera mu siginecha yogwirizana ndi C. Rust's extern "C" imatchinga kuwonetsa ntchito zomwe C ++ ingayitanire mwachindunji, ndi mosemphanitsa. Vuto lovuta limawonekera pomwe Rust's multi-threaded runtime ikufunika kugwiritsa ntchito khodi ya C++ ya ulusi umodzi mosamala.

Tathetsa izi pogwiritsa ntchito zomanga:

• Wothandizira C++ wokhala ndi ulusi: Mafoni onse a C++ amayankhidwa kudzera mu ulusi umodzi wodzipereka pogwiritsa ntchito tchanelo chodutsa uthenga, kuwonetsetsa kuti chosintha cha ulusi umodzi sichiphwanyidwa.
• Rust async bridge layer: Ntchito za Tokio zimatumiza ntchito kwa wotsatira wa C++ ndipo kudikirira zotsatira zake kudzera munjira zojambulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbali ya Rust ikhale yofanana.
• Kasamalidwe ka pointer opaque: Zinthu za C++ zimakutidwa ndi dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito Drop pofuna kuyeretsa, kuteteza kukumbukira kutayikira malire a chinenero.
• Kusanjikiza malire pamalire: Ma data ovuta amasanjidwa ku FlatBuffers pa FFI wosanjikiza, kupewetsa kufananiza kwamapangidwe ndikupangitsa kuti mbali iliyonse isinthe.
• Kudzipatula kwa mantha: catch_unwind ya Rust imakulunga malo onse a FFI kotero kuti mantha asadutse malire a chinenero, chomwe chingakhale khalidwe losadziwika.

Mchitidwewu udatipatsa mphamvu ya Rust yamitundu yambiri yodalirika yotsimikizika ya C++ - osalembanso mzere umodzi wamalamulo oyambilira abizinesi.

Kodi Zovuta Zazikulu Zomwe Muyenera Kupewa Ndi Chiyani?

Cholakwika chowopsa kwambiri ndikungoganiza kuti khodi ya C++ ndi yotetezeka ngati sichoncho. Padziko lonse lapansi, zosinthika zosasunthika, komanso kuyimba kwa library komwe sikunabwerenso kudzayambitsa mitundu ya data yomwe wopanga a Rust sangathe kuzindikira malire a FFI. Chitsimikizo cha chitetezo cha dzimbiri imani pa osatetezedwa - chilichonse chomwe chili mkatimo ndi udindo wanu.

Chidziwitso chofunikira: Dzimbiri imatsimikizira chitetezo cha kukumbukira mkati mwa code yake, koma mukangodutsa malire a FFI kulowa C++, mudzalandira vuto lililonse lachitetezo cha ulusi lomwe C++ ili nalo. Kamangidwe kozungulira malirewo ndi ofunika kwambiri kuposa ma code a mbali zonse.

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Vuto lina lodziwika bwino ndikuwongolera moyo wonse. Zinthu za C ++ sizitenga nawo gawo pakubwereketsa kwa Rust. Ngati dzimbiri igwetsera kalozera pomwe C ++ akadali ndi cholozera, mumapeza nsikidzi zopanda ntchito zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira. Tinathana ndi izi poumiriza semantics ya umwini: Zinthu za C++ nthawi zonse zimakhala za dzimbiri limodzi ndendende, ndipo mwayi wogawana umadutsa ku Arc-based reference kuwerengera kumbali ya Rust.

Mwakuchita mwanzeru, mafoni a FFI ochulukira amapangidwa kuchokera kukusinthana ndikusintha. Timagwirizanitsa ntchito ngati n'kotheka, kutumiza mndandanda wazinthu zantchito kwa woyang'anira C++ m'malo moimbira foni zilankhulo zosiyanasiyana.

Kodi Njirayi Imagwira Ntchito Motani Popanga?

Titatha kuyika ma hybrid architecture papulatifomu yathu, tidayesa kukonza konkriti. Kufunsira kwachulukira ndi 3.4x kwa ma module omwe m'mbuyomu adakanidwa pakusintha kotsatizana kwa C++. Tail latency (p99) idatsika ndi 61% chifukwa Rust's async runtime imatha kukonza zopempha pawokha nthawi imodzi pomwe C++ idagwira ntchito zolemetsa pa ulusi wake wodzipereka.

Koposa zonse, tinali ndi zolakwika zokhudzana ndi ndalama ziro m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira kupanga. Njira yotsekera ulusi idapangitsa kuti izi zisatheke kuti kachidindo ka C ++ kuyitanidwa kuchokera ku ulusi wambiri, pomwe mtundu wa Rust umalepheretsa mipikisano ya data kumbali yake ya malire. Uku kunali kusintha kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi njira yathu yam'mbuyomu yoyesera kuwonjezera ulusi ku C++ ndi mutexes, zomwe zidatulutsa zochitika zitatu zamtundu wamtundu m'gawo limodzi.

Gulu la mainjiniya linanenanso za kubwereza mwachangu. Zatsopano zitha kumangidwa mu Rust ndi chithandizo chonse cha concurrency, pomwe ma module a C ++ omwe analipo adapitilirabe popanda kusinthidwa. Njira yowonjezerekayi inatanthawuza kuti sitinakhalepo ndi kusamuka kwa "big bang" komwe kumakhala koopsa kwambiri - kumangoyenda pang'onopang'ono, kuwongolera bwino.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi Rust angatchule malaibulale a C++ okhala ndi ulusi umodzi popanda kusinthidwa?

Inde, koma muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti mafoni onse opita ku laibulaleyo akuchitika kuchokera mu ulusi umodzi. Njira yokhazikika ndikupanga ulusi wodzipereka womwe umasindikiza mafoni onse a C++ kudzera panjira. Ntchito za async za Rust zimatumiza zopempha ndikudikirira mayankho osaletsa nthawi yothamanga yamitundu yambiri. Khodi ya C++ payokha sifunika kusintha - choletsa chachitetezo chimakhazikitsidwa kwathunthu kumbali ya dzimbiri.

Kodi mawonekedwe a FFI ndiwofunika kwambiri kuti akhudze magwiridwe antchito?

Kuyimba kwa FFI payekha kumakhala ndi mutu wocheperako - nthawi zambiri pansi pa 10 nanoseconds pakuyimba kosavuta. Komabe, kusanja kwazinthu zovuta za data ndi kulumikizana kwa ulusi pamalire kumawonjezera ngati muyimba masauzande omveka bwino. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma batching ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a ziro-copy serializations ngati FlatBuffers kapena Cap'n Proto kumapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto ngakhale pamlingo waukulu.

Kodi tilembenso C++ codebase yathu mu Rust m'malo mophatikizana?

Kwa matimu ambiri, kulumikizana kowonjezera ndi njira yotetezeka komanso yachangu. Kulembanso kwathunthu kumabweretsa chiwopsezo chamiyezi chaukadaulo popanda phindu la ogwiritsa ntchito mpaka kukamaliza. Interfacing imakupatsani mwayi wotumiza zosintha nthawi yomweyo, kutsimikizira njira ya Dzimbiri pakupanga, ndikusuntha ma module imodzi ndi nthawi kutengera komwe concurrency imathandizira kwambiri. Lembaninso magawo okhawo omwe mtengo wosunga malire a FFI ukuposa mtengo wolembanso.

Ku Mewayz, timapanga zomanga zomwe zimakulirakulira - mwaukadaulo komanso mwantchito. OS yathu yama module 207 imathandizira magulu 138,000 kuyendetsa bwino ntchito kuyambira $19/mwezi. Kaya mukuyang'anira mapulojekiti, kuyendetsa makina, kapena kukulitsa bizinesi yanu, Mewayz imasintha momwe mumagwirira ntchito. Yambani kuyesa kwanu kwaulere pa app.mewayz.com ndikuwona zomwe bizinesi yamakono OS ingachitire gulu lanu.