Open Source Endowment - gwero latsopano landalama kwa osamalira magwero otseguka

Vuto Lachete Likulimbitsa Chuma Chapa digito

Penapake pakali pano, wopanga ali yekhayekha akukonza chiwopsezo chachikulu mulaibulale yomwe imakhala ndi mphamvu pafupifupi 78% ya maseva apa intaneti. Iwo akugwira ntchitoyo pakati pa usiku, atagwira ntchito yawo yolipira tsiku lonse, chifukwa palibe amene amawalipira pa ntchito imeneyi. Laibulaleyi ili ndi zotsitsa 2.3 biliyoni. Wosamalira ake adapanga $0 kuchokera pamenepo chaka chatha. Izi sizongopeka - ndi nkhani ya mapulojekiti osawerengeka otsegula omwe amapanga maziko osawoneka a nsanja iliyonse ya SaaS, mabizinesi aliwonse, pulogalamu iliyonse yam'manja yomwe ikuyenda lero.

Vuto lotseguka lokhazikika silachilendo, koma lafika poyambira. Chiwopsezo cha Log4Shell chikawonekera mu Disembala 2021, idawulula laibulale yosungidwa ndi odzipereka ochepa omwe amakhala mkati mwa Apple, Amazon, Tesla, ndi boma la US. Kukangana komwe kudachitika kuti akonze zidawonongera mabungwe pafupifupi $ 10 biliyoni poyesa kukonza. Osamalira sanalandire chipukuta misozi. Phunziro linali lodziwika bwino: chuma chapadziko lonse lapansi chidamanga maziko ofunikira pantchito yodzipereka ndipo adachitcha kuti gawo.

Tsopano, njira yatsopano yopezera ndalama ikukulirakulira:madalitso otseguka. Pobwerekedwa ku dziko lonse la mayunivesite ndi mabungwe azikhalidwe, njira iyi ikulonjeza china chake chomwe sichinaperekedwepo kale - ndalama zokhazikika, zosatha zomwe sizichoka ngati wothandizira kampani asintha zofunika kwambiri.

Kodi Endowment Imatanthauza Chiyani Pamagwero Otseguka

Chitsanzo cha ma endowment ndichosavuta mwachinyengo. Ndalama zambiri - zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi mabungwe, maziko, kapena anthu olemera - zimayikidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana. Zomwe zimabwerera pachaka, nthawi zambiri 4-5% yazonse, zimagawidwa kwa osamalira ndi ntchito. Mphunzitsi wamkulu amakhalabe mpaka kalekale. Ndalama zokwana madola 50 miliyoni zomwe zimabweretsa 4.5% pachaka zimabweretsa $2.25 miliyoni pachaka ngati ndalama zosatha, zomwe sizingafanane ndi kampani iliyonse yomwe ikumva owolowa manja kotala limenelo.

Izi ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi momwe nsanja monga GitHub Sponsors, Open Collective, kapena Patreon amagwirira ntchito. Zitsanzo zimenezo, ngakhale zili zofunika, zimapanga zomwe akatswiri azachuma amazitcha kusokonekera kwa ndalama - osamalira amamanga kudalira njira zopezera ndalama zomwe zingathe kutha usiku umodzi pamene wothandizira apeza, akudutsa m'mipingo, kapena angoganiza zosintha bajeti yake yotseguka. Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Linux Foundation adapeza kuti 60% ya mapulojekiti omwe ali ndi vuto lotseguka adatsika kwambiri pazaka zitatu zilizonse.

Madalitso amathetsa vutoli. Apache Software Foundation yakhala ikugwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha quasi-endowment kwa zaka zambiri, ndichifukwa chake ma projekiti a Apache akhala okhazikika pazachuma zingapo. Python Software Foundation idamanganso malo osungira. Chimene chikusintha tsopano ndikukankhira koyambitsa, kukulitsa, ndi kukonza njira iyi m'chilengedwe chonse - osati pamaziko okha, komanso kwa osamalira payekha komanso magulu ang'onoang'ono a polojekiti.

Nambala Zam'mbuyo Pavuto Lodalira

Kuti mumvetsetse chifukwa chomwe ma endowments amafunikira, muyenera kumvetsetsa kaye kukula kwa asymmetry yodalira. Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Synopsys adapeza kuti 97% ya ma codebases amalonda ali ndi magawo otseguka, ndipo ntchito wamba imakoka kuchokera ku 528 kudalira kotseguka kwapadera. Makampani omwe amadalira kudalira kumeneku adapeza ndalama zokwana mathililiyoni mu 2024. Osamalira odalirawa onse pamodzi adalandira gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a mtengowo pobwezera.

Ganizirani zochitika zina zomwe zikuwonetsa kusiyana. Phukusi la colors.js lidatsitsidwa nthawi 23 miliyoni pa sabata pamaso pa wosamalira, wokhumudwa ndi zaka za malipiro a zero, adayipitsa mwadala mu January 2022. pad-pad chochitika cha 2016 - pamene phukusi la 11 lomwe silinasindikizidwe linaphwanya Reacts and 0 0 0 mu malipiro. Mkhalidwe wa faker.js umakhala ngati color.js pafupifupi ndendende. Izi sizinali zochitika zokhazokha za khalidwe loipa la opanga; anali zizindikiro za dongosolo losweka kwenikweni lolimbikitsa.

"Tamanga chuma cha digito pamaziko a ntchito yodzipereka ndikuyitcha 'gulu.' Panthawi ina, anthu ammudzi amatopa. Zopereka ndi momwe mumapangira chiyamiko chokhazikika m'malo mongofuna."

Mlandu wamabizinesi otenga nawo gawo muzopereka zotseguka ndi zamphamvu kuposa momwe magulu azachuma ambiri amaganizira. Kafukufuku wa 2023 ku Harvard Business School adawonetsa kuti phindu lazachuma la mapulogalamu otseguka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi $ 8.8 thililiyoni - mtengo womwe makampani amapeza kwaulere koma zomwe amapanga sizipereka ndalama zambiri. Kupereka ku madalitso si chikondi; ndikukonza kwachitukuko chobisika ngati chifundo.

Momwe Mapangidwe a Endowment Akupangidwira

Machitsanzo omwe akubwera a magwero otseguka amasiyana malinga ndi kamangidwe kake, koma mfundo zingapo zimayenderana ndi zomwe zimagwira ntchito:

• Kudziimira pawokha kuchokera ku utsogoleri wamakampani: Mitundu yogwira ntchito kwambiri imalekanitsa opereka zisankho. Othandizira amapereka ndalama zothandizira koma samapeza mavoti pa ntchito zomwe zimagawira.
• Mayendedwe agawidwe owonekera: Mapulojekiti ngati FOSS Fund ayesa mitundu yosankha antchito; ena amagwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwa graph yodalira kulemera kwa ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri.
• Kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka ndalama kotsimikizirika: Zopereka zogwira mtima sizimangirira kugawa. Osamalira angagwiritse ntchito ndalama pa nthawi yawo, kufufuza zachitetezo, kulemba zolemba, kapena monga malipiro a zaka zomwe adagwira kale ntchito.
• Mazenera odzipereka azaka zambiri: Mabungwe omwe amadzipereka kuzinthu zomwe amapatsidwa nthawi zambiri amatero pakatha zaka 5-10, zomwe zimapatsa kukhazikika kokonzekera komwe sikungathandizire chaka chimodzi.
• Kuganiza molingana ndi chilengedwe: Zomangamanga zabwino kwambiri zopezera ndalama sizimangopereka mapulojekiti a marquee koma mchira wautali wazinthu zosadziwika bwino zomwe zimawathandizira - mapulojekiti omwe ali ndi nyenyezi 50 za GitHub ndi zotsitsa 40 miliyoni pa sabata.

The Sovereign Tech Fund, mothandizidwa ndi boma la Germany, yagawa ndalama zoposa €26 miliyoni kuti zitsegulidwe kuyambira 2022 ndikuyimira mtundu wotsogozedwa ndi boma wamtunduwu. Ku United States, Open Source Security Foundation (OpenSSF) yakopa malonjezano opitilira $150 miliyoni kuchokera ku Google, Microsoft, Amazon, ndi ena - akugwira ntchito ngati wosakanizidwa pakati pa thumba loyendetsedwa ndi ndalama zenizeni.

Kuwerengera Kwamakampani: Chifukwa Chiyani Tsopano

Chinachake chasintha m'malingaliro amakampani pambuyo pa ziwopsezo zotsogola zapamwamba. SolarWinds mu 2020, Log4Shell mu 2021, ndi XZ Utils backdoor mu 2024 - pomwe wosewera mdziko muno adakhala zaka ziwiri akulimbikitsa kukhulupilira ngati wopereka gwero labodza asanabzale chitseko - adapangitsa magulu achitetezo ndi ma CFO kulabadira m'njira zomwe sanachitepo kale. Chochitika cha XZ Utils chinali chodetsa nkhawa kwambiri chifukwa chidatsala pang'ono kuchita bwino komanso chifukwa chinagwiritsa ntchito bwino chiwopsezo chomwe gwero lotseguka lopanda ndalama limapanga: osamalira adawotcha mokwanira kuti alandire thandizo kuchokera kwa alendo.

Zofunikira za SEC zatsopano zowululira mapulogalamu, ogwira ntchito kumakampani aboma, awonjezera kukakamiza kwamalamulo. Makampani tsopano akuyenera kuganizira mozama za kudalira kwawo kotseguka osati pazifukwa zaumisiri koma pazifukwa zamalamulo komanso zotsatiridwa. Lingaliro limenelo mwachibadwa limatsogolera kufunsa: Kodi kulephera kwa kudalira kumeneku ndi chiyani, ndipo kungawononge ndalama zingati kuti muchepetse? Kutenga nawo gawo pazachuma kukuchulukirachulukira mugawo la "kuchepetsa chiopsezo" pakuwunikaku, osati gawo la "zabwino kukhala nalo".

Kwa makampani ngati Mewayz - omwe amagwiritsa ntchito magawo 207 ophatikizika abizinesi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ogwiritsa ntchito oposa 138,000 padziko lonse lapansi - zopezeka zotsegula sizingochitika mwangozi; ndi maziko. Chigawo chilichonse cha OS yamakono yamabizinesi, kuyambira mainjini a database kupita ku malaibulale otsimikizira mpaka ma SDK olipira, amakhudza gwero lotseguka. Mapulaneti omangidwa pa sikeloyi ali ndi chidwi chofuna kukhazikika pagwero lotseguka komanso mwayi wokhala ndi mbiri yotenga nawo gawo mwachangu pamawonekedwe azinthu zomwe zimawonetsa kuyang'anira zachilengedwe kwa nthawi yayitali.

Zomwe Osamalira Amafunikiradi (Si Ndalama Zokha)

Zokambilana zokhuza ndalama zogulira magwero otseguka nthawi zambiri zimagwera m'malo "omwe amalipira kwambiri," koma zenizeni zomwe zikuchitika pano ndizovuta kwambiri. Othandizira ambiri omwe amalandila ndalama kudzera pamapulatifomu ngati GitHub Sponsors akuti ndalama zokha sizimakhudza zowawa zawo zazikulu. Kutopa, kuyika malire, kasamalidwe ka othandizira, ndi zovuta za ulamuliro ndizolepheretsa chimodzimodzi pakukonza kokhazikika.

Mapangidwe oganiza bwino kwambiri akuyamba kuwerengera izi. Kafukufuku wa gulu la Plaintext Group pa zaumoyo wa anthu osamalira bwino adapeza kuti osamalira amaika izi ngati zofunika kwambiri:

1. Ndalama zodalirika, zobwerezabwereza osati zopereka kamodzi
2. Thandizo pantchito yoyang'anira ndi utsogoleri, osati kungopereka ma code
3. Ndalama zofufuza zachitetezo zomwe sizifuna kuti wosamalira akhale katswiri wachitetezo
4. Chithandizo chazamalamulo pamafunso opereka ziphaso ndi zovuta zotsata
5. Zothandizira zaumoyo m'maganizo ndi gulu la anzawo ndi othandizira ena

Madalitso opangidwa molingana ndi izi akupitilira kugawira ndalama zomwe zingatchedwe services endowments - zitsanzo zomwe thumba limapereka chithandizo chapadera m'malo mwa mapulojekiti m'malo mongolemba macheke. Mtundu wa Tidelift walozera mbali iyi, ngakhale otsutsa akuwona kuti imadalirabe ndalama zomwe munthu aliyense amalembetsa m'malo motengera makina enieni azinthu.

Kumanga Zomangamanga Kuti Zikhazikike Nthawi Zonse

Vuto lalikulu logwiritsa ntchito ma endowments pamlingo wa mabungwe, osati azachuma. Kukhazikitsa dongosolo lovomerezeka mwalamulo kumafuna kukhazikitsidwa kwa maziko, ziganizo za ndondomeko ya kasungidwe ka ndalama, kuwongolera ziwongola dzanja, ndi njira zogawa - mtundu wabungwe womwe mapulojekiti ambiri otseguka sakhala okonzeka kuwongolera. Apa ndipamene mabungwe apakati amakhala ovuta.

Mabungwe angapo omwe sali opindula akudziyika okha ngati opereka chithandizo - mabungwe omwe amavomereza zopereka, kusunga ndi kuyika ndalama zazikulu, ndikugawa zobweza malinga ndi zomwe adagwirizana, kuti mapulojekiti pawokha asakhale ndi mwayi wopanga izi okha. Mapulogalamu a Software Freedom Conservancy, NumFOCUS, ndi Eclipse Foundation onse ali ndi zinthu zomwe angathe kuchita izi, ngakhale palibe amene adakhazikitsanso katundu wanthawi zonse wokhazikika womwe mapulojekiti ang'onoang'ono angagwirizane nawo.

Chitukuko chodalirika kwambiri chikhoza kukhala kutuluka kwa kuyesa kwa ma chain endowment mu Ethereum ecosystem, kumene mapangano anzeru amatha kutsata malamulo ogawa ndi masamu olondola komanso kuwonekera kwathunthu. Mayesero a Gitcoin a quadratic funding, ngakhale osati ma endowments m'lingaliro lokhazikika, adayambitsa malingaliro a utsogoleri omwe angadziwitse mapangidwe awa. Mphamvu yokonzedwa bwino yapa unyolo imatha kuchotsa nzeru za anthu kuti isagawidwe kotheratu, kugawa ndalama potengera ma graph odalira, kuwunika kwachitetezo, ndi zizindikiritso za osamalira - zokha komanso mosalekeza.

Msewu Kutsogolo: Kuchokera ku Aspiration kupita ku Zomangamanga

Kuyenda kwa magwero otseguka kukadali koyambirira, koma njira yake ikuwonekera. Kuphatikizika kwa kukakamizidwa kowongolera, zochitika zachitetezo, komanso kuchulukirachulukira kwamakampani pazachiwopsezo chazachuma kukupanga mikhalidwe yopangira ndalama zenizeni. Funso ndilakuti ngati zomanga zamabungwe zitha kumangidwa mwachangu kuti zitenge ndalamazo zisanathe kukhala njira zina zosalongosoka.

Kwa makampani ambiri aukadaulo, zomwe zikuchitika zimapitilira kupitilira anthu otseguka okha. Kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono komwe mapulogalamu amathandizira pazaka 30 zapitazi ndi gawo lalikulu pazachuma chotseguka - ndalama zomwe zimapangidwa makamaka ndi anthu odzipereka omwe sanalandire chilichonse. Zopereka zimayimira kuzindikira mochedwa koma kofunikira kuti chitsanzo ichi, ngakhale chodabwitsa, sichiri chokhazikika popanda thandizo lapangidwe.

Makampani ndi nsanja zomwe zimatenga nawo gawo koyambirira kwamapangidwe opangidwa mwaluso azipanga kubetcha komwe kumalipira osati m'mawu osindikizira koma muzinthu zina zolimba: kupitiliza kukhalapo ndi chitetezo cha mapulogalamu azachilengedwe omwe mabizinesi awo amadalira. M'dziko limene chuma cha digito ndi chakuthupi chikufanana kwambiri, sikuli chifundo. Ndiko kukonza zomangamanga. Ndipo zomangamanga, monga mainjiniya aliyense angakuuzeni, sizidzisamalira zokha.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi Open Source Endowment ndi chiyani ndipo imasiyana bwanji ndi chithandizo chanthawi zonse?

An Open Source Endowment ndi chitsanzo chandalama chanthawi yayitali komwe ndalama zimayikidwa ndipo zobwerera zokha zimagawidwa kwa osamalira - kupereka ndalama zokhazikika, zobwerezedwa m'malo mopereka ndalama kamodzi. Mosiyana ndi chithandizo chanthawi zonse chomwe chimatha kutha mwadzidzidzi, mphatso imapangitsa kuti pakhale ufulu wodziyimira pawokha pazachuma, zomwe zimalola otukula kuyang'ana kwambiri zachitetezo, zabwino, komanso kukhazikika kwanthawi yayitali popanda kuthamangitsa kukondweretsedwa kwamakampani kwakanthawi.

Nchifukwa chiyani mabizinesi akuyenera kusamala zakupereka ndalama kumalaibulale otsegulira omwe amadalira?

Bizinesi iliyonse yamakono imadalira mwakachetechete pamakhodi otsegula. Pamene chiwopsezo chachikulu chikawonekera mulaibulale yosasamalidwa, mtengo wake wophwanyidwa umaposa ndalama zonse zomwe zimaperekedwa. Mapulatifomu ngati Mewayz - 207-module bizinesi OS pa $ 19 / mwezi - amamangidwa pamaziko otseguka. Kuyika ndalama muzinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimathandizira zida zanu ndikungoyang'anira zoopsa komanso machitidwe abwino abizinesi.

Ndani ali oyenera kulandira ndalama kudzera mu pulogalamu ya Open Source Endowment?

Kuyenerera kumayang'ana kwambiri kwa omwe amasamalira mapulojekiti ovomerezeka, omwe ali ndi ziphaso za anthu ambiri omwe amawonetsa kuthekera koyezeka - monga kuchuluka kwa kutsitsa, nkhokwe zodalira, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zida zofunika kwambiri. Osamalira okha komanso magulu ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi chithandizo chochepa pazamalonda amaikidwa patsogolo, popeza mapulojekiti akuluakulu omwe amathandizidwa ndi makampani ali kale ndi zothandizira. Cholinga chake ndikufikira wopanga mapulogalamu omwe amanyalanyazidwa omwe akuwayika pakati pausiku popanda kubweza ndalama.

Kodi odziyimira pawokha ndi magulu ang'onoang'ono angapeze bwanji ndalama zokhazikika kupyola ndalama zogulira zinthu?

Kupitilira ma endowments, omanga atha kusinthira ndalama zomwe amapeza kudzera muupangiri, kuyang'anira kuchititsa, ndi nsanja zonse zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito. Mewayz (app.mewayz.com) imapereka bizinesi ya ma module 207 $19/mwezi, kupangitsa opanga madalaivala kuyendetsa ma portal a kasitomala, CRM, ndi ma invoice popanda kusokoneza zida zambiri zolipiridwa - kumasula nthawi yochulukirapo ndi bajeti kuti mubwezere ku ntchito yotseguka yomwe ili yofunika.