gRPC: Kuchokera ku Tanthauzo la Service kupita ku Mtundu Wawaya

gRPC ndi njira yogwira ntchito kwambiri, yotseguka yopezeka patali (RPC) yomwe imasintha momwe ma microservices amalankhulirana pogwiritsa ntchito Protocol Buffers pa matanthauzo okhwima a ntchito ndi HTTP/2 pakutumiza kwa binary koyenera. Poyambilira ku Google ndipo tsopano ndi pulojekiti yomaliza maphunziro a CNCF, gRPC yakhala msana wa machitidwe amakono ogawidwa, kuwongolera chilichonse kuyambira ma meshes amkati kupita ku ma API omwe amayang'ana anthu kumakampani monga Netflix, Dropbox, ndi Cisco.

Kwa magulu omwe amamanga nsanja zovuta - monga Mewayz's 207-module business operating system yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ogwiritsa ntchito oposa 138,000 - kumvetsetsa ulendo wa gRPC kuchokera pa .proto file kupita ku byte pawaya n'kofunika kwambiri pomanga makina omwe amakula popanda kutaya kudalirika kapena zokolola zamapulogalamu.

Kodi gRPC N'chifukwa Chiyani Ili Yofunika Pazomangamanga Zamakono?

gRPC imayimira "gRPC Remote Procedure Call," mawu obwerezabwereza omwe amalozera pa chinthu chimodzi: kupanga mafoni akutali kumva ngati kwachilengedwe monga kuyimbira kwanuko. Mosiyana ndi ma REST API omwe amadalira JSON pa HTTP/1.1, gRPC imagwiritsa ntchito Protocol Buffers (protobuf) monga Chiyankhulo Chotanthauzira Chiyankhulo (IDL) komanso mawonekedwe ake osakanikirana, ophatikizidwa ndi HTTP/2 monga mayendedwe ake.

Kuphatikizikaku kumapereka maubwino oyezeka. Mauthenga a Protobuf nthawi zambiri amakhala ang'onoang'ono 3–10x kuposa ofanana ndi JSON, ndipo kutsatizana ndi 20–100x mwachangu. Kuchulukitsa kwa HTTP/2 kumachotsa kutsekereza kwa mutu wa mzere, kulola mazana a RPCs nthawi imodzi pa kulumikizana kumodzi kwa TCP. Kwa nsanja zomwe zimayang'anira ma module ambiri olumikizidwa, magwiridwe antchitowa amapindula kwambiri.

Mapangidwewa amathandizira njira zinayi zoyankhulirana: unary (pempho limodzi, kuyankha kumodzi), kusanja kwa seva, kusanja kwamakasitomala, ndi kusuntha kwapawiri. Kusinthasintha uku kumapangitsa gRPC kukhala yoyenera pachilichonse, kuyambira ma CRUD osavuta kupita ku ma feed a nthawi yeniyeni komanso mitsinje yanthawi yayitali.

Kodi Tanthauzo Lautumiki Limakhala Bwanji Khodi Yogwiritsiridwa Ntchito?

Chidutswa cha moyo wa gRPC chimayamba ndi fayilo ya .proto — mgwirizano womwe umatanthawuza mautumiki anu, njira, ndi mitundu ya mauthenga mu schema ya chinenero-agnostic. Umu ndi momwe ulendowu umawonekera pang'onopang'ono:

1. Kulemba schema: Mumatanthawuza zolumikizirana ndi ntchito ndi mameseji mu syntax ya Protocol Buffers v3, kutchula mitundu ya magawo, manambala, ndi siginecha za njira za RPC zokhala ndi zopempha ndi mayankho achindunji.
2. Kupanga ma code: The protoc compiler, kuphatikizidwa ndi mapulagini a gRPC okhudzana ndi chilankhulo, zimapanga masinthidwe amakasitomala ndi makalasi oyambira a seva m'chilankhulo chomwe mukufuna - Go, Python, Java, Rust, C++, kapena zinenero 12+ zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
3. Kukhazikitsa seva: Madivelopa amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a seva opangidwa, kudzaza malingaliro abizinesi pomwe chimango chimayang'anira kulumikizana, kulumikiza, ndi zambiri za protocol.
4. Kupempha kwamakasitomala: Makasitomala opangidwa amapereka mafoni amtundu wotetezedwa omwe ali ndi chithandizo chokhazikika pamatsiku omaliza, kufalitsa metadata, kuletsa, ndi mfundo zoyeseranso zokha.
5. Kutumiza pawaya: Nthawi yoyimba, mauthenga opempha amasinthidwa kukhala encoding ya binary protobuf, yopangidwa ndi mutu wa 5-byte gRPC (kupondereza mbendera + kutalika kwa uthenga), ndikutumizidwa pazithunzi za HTTP/2 DATA.

Chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri: Mphamvu yayikulu ya gRPC si liwiro lambiri - ndi mgwirizano wotheka. Fayilo ya .proto imagwira ntchito nthawi imodzi ngati zolemba, zosanjikiza zovomerezeka, ndi jenereta ya code, kuchotsa magulu onse a nsikidzi zophatikizira zomwe zimavutitsa ma REST API otayidwa momasuka. Ngati nsanja yanu ili ndi ma module 207 omwe amafunikira kulumikizana modalirika, mgwirizanowo umakhala chuma chanu chofunikira kwambiri pakumanga.

Kodi Chimachitika Ndi Chiyani Pa Waya Pa Kuyimba kwa gRPC?

Kumvetsetsa mtundu wa mawaya kumapangitsa kuti gRPC iwonongeke komanso kukonza magwiridwe antchito. Ngati kasitomala ayitanitsa RPC, zotsatirazi zimawonekera pa HTTP/2:

Kasitomala amatsegula (kapena agwiritsanso ntchito) kulumikizana kwa HTTP/2 ndikutumiza chimango cha HEADERS chokhala ndi njira (/package.Service/Njira), mtundu wazinthu (application/grpc), nthawi yatha, ndi metadata iliyonse yokonda. Izi zimatsatiridwa ndi mafelemu amodzi kapena angapo a DATA omwe ali ndi katundu wolipidwa wa serialized protobuf, iliyonse ili ndi prefixed meseji ya 5-byte.

Seva imayang'anira pempho ndikubweza chimango chake cha HEADERS, kutsatiridwa ndi mafelemu a DATA oyankha pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofananira. Kuyimbaku kumamaliza ndi HEADERS chimango chokhala ndi metadata yotsatizana, kuphatikiza nambala yofunikira ya grpc-status ndi grpc-message kuti mumve zambiri zolakwika.

Mapangidwe awa amathandizira kuthekera kwamphamvu: kuchulukitsa kumalola ma RPC olumikizana popanda mikangano yolumikizana, kuwongolera kwamayendedwe kumalepheretsa opanga mwachangu kuti asamagwiritse ntchito pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kukanikiza kwamutu (HPACK) kumachepetsa mayendedwe obwerezabwereza metadata omwe amapezeka pakulankhulana kwapang'ono.

Kodi Magulu Ayenera Kufikira Motani Kutengera Kulera kwa gRPC Mwaukadaulo?

Kutenga gRPC sichosankha chilichonse. Magulu ochita bwino nthawi zambiri amatsata njira ya pragmatic. Yambani ndi kulankhulana kwamkati kwa utumiki-to-service kumene mapeto onse ali pansi pa ulamuliro wanu ndipo phindu la machitidwe likuwonekera kwambiri. Gwiritsani ntchito gRPC-Gateway kapena Envoy transcoding kuti muwonetse malekezero a REST kwa ogula akunja omwe amayembekezera ma JSON API. Ikani ndalama mu registry yapakati ya proto koyambirira - zida ngati Buf zimapereka chiwongolero, kusokoneza kuzindikira kwakusintha, ndikuwongolera ma code omwe amalepheretsa schema kusuntha m'magulu.

Samalirani kuwonetseredwa. gRPC interceptors (middleware) imaphatikizana mwaukhondo ndi OpenTelemetry kuti isakandidwe, komanso ma code okhazikika amajambula bwino pama dashboards. Pofuna kusanja katundu, sankhani kusanja kwa kasitomala kapena projekiti ya L7 kuposa njira zanthawi zonse za L4, popeza kulumikizana kosalekeza kwa HTTP/2 kumatha kupangitsa kuti magalimoto agawidwe mosiyanasiyana kutengera zolemetsa zosavuta za TCP.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi gRPC ingalowe m'malo mwa REST APIs kwathunthu?

Osati muzochitika zonse. gRPC imapambana pakulankhulana kwamkati kwa ntchito ndi ntchito komwe magwiridwe antchito, chitetezo chamtundu, ndi nkhani zotsatsira. Komabe, REST imakhalabe yabwino kwa ma API omwe amayang'ana pagulu omwe amadyedwa ndi asakatuli, kuphatikizika kwa gulu lachitatu, ndi malo omwe malipiro owerengeka ndi anthu amathandizira kuthetsa vutoli. Zomangamanga zambiri zopanga zimagwiritsa ntchito gRPC mkati ndikuwulula REST kapena GraphQL kunja kudzera pazipata za API.

Kodi gRPC imagwira ntchito bwanji m'mbuyo pamene ntchito zikusintha?

Ma Protocol Buffers adapangidwa kuti azisintha ma schema. Mutha kuwonjezera magawo atsopano okhala ndi manambala apadera osaphwanya makasitomala omwe alipo - magawo osadziwika amanyalanyazidwa mwakachetechete. Komabe, musagwiritsenso ntchito manambala am'munda, kusintha mitundu ya magawo, kapena kuchotsa magawo omwe ntchito zina zimadalira. Zida monga chojambulira chophwanya cha Buf chimapanga macheke awa achitetezo mu mapaipi a CI, kuti agwire zosintha zosagwirizana asanafike popanga.

Kodi zovuta zazikulu ndi ziti potengera gRPC pamlingo?

Zovuta zitatu zomwe zimafala kwambiri ndikuchotsa zolipira zamabina (zothetsedwa ndi zida monga grpcurl ndi gRPC-Web DevTools), kusagwirizana ndi ma trailer a HTTP/2 (oyankhidwa ndi gRPC-Web kapena Connect protocol), ndi kulemetsa kusanja zovuta ndi zolumikizira mosalekeza za HTTP/2. Iliyonse ili ndi mayankho okhwima, koma magulu akuyenera kukonzekera njira yophunzirira, makamaka ngati asintha kuchokera pamamangidwe ozikidwa pa REST.

Kupanga nsanja yokhala ndi mautumiki ambiri olumikizidwa kumafuna njira zoyankhulirana zachangu, zotetezedwa, komanso zopangidwira kuti zisinthike. Kaya mukupanga ma API amkati kapena mukukulitsa ma microservice mesh omwe alipo, gRPC imapereka maziko olumikizirana odalirika.

Mwakonzeka kukonza bizinesi yanu? Mewayz ikubweretsa 207 ma module ophatikizika mubizinesi imodzi OS - kuchokera pakuwongolera polojekiti kupita kumalipilo, CRM mpaka HR - kuyambira $19 / mwezi. Yambitsani kuyesa kwanu kwaulere pa app.mewayz.com ndikuwona momwe nsanja yamtundu umodzi imathetsera kupweteka kwamutu komwe gRPC idapangidwa kuti ithetse.