CSP ya Pentesters: Kumvetsetsa Zofunikira

Chifukwa Chake Pentester Aliyense Ayenera Kudziwa Mfundo Zachitetezo Chamkati

Content Security Policy (CSP) yakhala imodzi mwamakina ovuta kwambiri achitetezo a msakatuli motsutsana ndi ma cross-site scripting (XSS), jakisoni wa data, ndi kuwukira. Komabe pamayesero olowera, mitu ya CSP imakhalabe imodzi mwazinthu zosinthidwa molakwika - komanso zosamvetsetseka - zowongolera zachitetezo. Kafukufuku wa 2024 yemwe adasanthula mawebusayiti opitilira 1 miliyoni adapeza kuti 12.8% yokha idatumiza mitu ya CSP konse, ndipo mwa iwo, pafupifupi 94% anali ndi chofooka chimodzi chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kwa ochita kafukufuku, kumvetsetsa CSP sikosankha - ndi kusiyana pakati pa kuwunika kwapamwamba ndi lipoti lomwe limalimbitsa chitetezo cha kasitomala.

Kaya mukuyesa kuwunika kwa pulogalamu yapaintaneti, kusaka ma bug, kapena mukumanga chitetezo pabizinesi yomwe imayang'anira zambiri zamakasitomala, chidziwitso cha CSP ndichofunika. Bukuli likufotokoza zomwe CSP ndi, momwe imagwirira ntchito pansi pa chivundikiro, pomwe imalephera, ndi momwe ma pentesters angayesere mwadongosolo ndikulambalala mfundo zofooka.

Zomwe Content Security Policy Imachita

Pakatikati pake, CSP ndi njira yodzitetezera yoperekedwa kudzera pamutu wamayankhidwe a HTTP (kapena mocheperapo, tagi ya ). Imalangiza msakatuli kuti magwero azinthu - zolemba, masitayelo, zithunzi, mafonti, mafelemu, ndi zina zambiri - amaloledwa kutsitsa ndikuchita patsamba lomwe laperekedwa. Chithandizo chikaphwanya lamuloli, msakatuli amachiletsa ndikunena kuti zaphwanya lamuloli pamapeto ena.

Chilimbikitso choyambirira kumbuyo kwa CSP chinali kuchepetsa kuwukira kwa XSS. Zodzitchinjiriza zachikhalidwe za XSS monga kuyeretsa zolowera ndi kusindikiza kwa zotulutsa ndizothandiza koma zopepuka - mawu amodzi omwe sanaphonye kapena cholakwika cha kabisidwe amatha kuyambitsanso kusatetezeka. CSP imawonjezera chitetezo chozama: ngakhale wowukira alowetsa chizindikiro choyipa mu DOM, mfundo yokhazikitsidwa bwino imalepheretsa osatsegula kuti asagwiritse ntchito.

CSP imagwira ntchito pa mtundu wa whitelist. M'malo moyesa kuletsa zinthu zodziwika bwino, zimatanthauzira zomwe zimaloledwa. Zina zonse zimakanidwa mwachisawawa. Kusinthika kwachitsanzo cha chitetezo ndi champhamvu m'malingaliro, koma m'kuchita, kusunga malamulo okhwima pamapulogalamu ovuta a intaneti - makamaka nsanja zoyang'anira ma module ambiri ophatikizika monga CRM, ma invoice, analytics, ndi kachitidwe kasungidwe - ndikovuta kwambiri.

Maonekedwe a Mutu wa CSP: Malangizo ndi Magwero

Mutu wa CSP uli ndi malangizo, chilichonse chimayang'anira mtundu wina wake wazinthu. Kumvetsetsa malangizowa ndikofunikira kwa pentester aliyense yemwe akuwunika mfundo zomwe akufuna. Malangizo ofunikira kwambiri akuphatikizapodefault-src (kubweza kwa malangizo aliwonse omwe sanakhazikitsidwe), script-src ( JavaScript execution), style-src (CSS), img-src (zithunzi), connect-src, connect-src, Connection-src, src-fracket Ferc> (XHR>) (ma iframe ophatikizidwa), ndi chinthu-src (mapulagini ngati Flash kapena Java applets).