Coccinelle: Chida Chosinthira cha Linux Kernel's Source-to-Source

Coccinelle ndi chida champhamvu chosinthira magwero kupita ku magwero omwe adapangidwa kuti azisintha kusintha kwakukulu pa Linux kernel codebase. Imagwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo chapadera chotchedwa SmPL (Semantic Patch Language) kufotokoza ma code ndi masinthidwe, kupangitsa omanga kupeza ndi kukonza zolakwika, kusintha ma API osiyidwa, ndikuyikanso mizere yambiri ya C code molondola maopaleshoni.

Kodi Coccinelle Ndi Chiyani Ndipo Chifukwa Chiyani Linux Kernel Ikufunika?

Linux kernel ndi imodzi mwamapulojekiti akuluakulu ogwirizana m'mbiri, okhala ndi mizere yopitilira 30 miliyoni yoperekedwa ndi opanga masauzande ambiri. API yamkati ikasintha kapena mawonekedwe a cholakwika apezeka, kukonzanso pamanja fayilo iliyonse yomwe yakhudzidwa sikungotopetsa - ndizosatheka popanda kuyambitsa zolakwika zatsopano. Ili ndiye vuto lomwe Coccinelle adapangidwira kuti athetse.

Yopangidwa ndi ofufuza a ku Inria ndi University of Copenhagen, Coccinelle amalola osamalira kernel kuti alembe zigamba za semantic - malamulo achidule omwe amafotokoza zonse za code code kuti zifanane ndi kusintha koyenera. Mosiyana ndi kusaka ndikusintha m'mawu wamba kapena mawu okhazikika, Coccinelle amamvetsetsa mawu a C ndi semantics. Itha kufananiza ma code mosasamala kanthu za malo oyera, mayina osinthika, kapena kusiyana pang'ono, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yodalirika kwambiri pazambiri zopangira makina.

Kuyambira pomwe idayambitsidwa, Coccinelle yakhala ikugwira ntchito masauzande ambiri mu Linux kernel, ndipo kuphatikiza kwake ndi kakulidwe ka kernel kwapangitsa kuti ikhale gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazachilengedwe.

Kodi SmPL (Semantic Patch Language) Imagwira Ntchito Motani?

Pakati pa Coccinelle pali SmPL, mawu ngati chigamba omwe amalola opanga kufotokoza zosinthika m'njira yodziwika bwino. Chigamba cha semantic chimawoneka chofanana ndi chosiyana chogwirizana, pogwiritsa ntchito - kuyika chizindikiro chomwe chiyenera kuchotsedwa ndi + kusonyeza chomwe chiyenera kulowa m'malo mwake. Komabe, SmPL imagwira ntchito pamtengo wongoyerekeza m'malo mwa mawu osasinthika.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati kernel yatsitsa ntchito ngati kmalloc yolumikizidwa ndi memset mokomera kzalloc, wopanga mapulogalamu atha kulemba lamulo lalifupi la SmPL lomwe limagwirizana ndi mtundu uliwonse wakale wa codebase yonse ndikulowa m'malo mwake. Lamuloli limapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyanasiyana kwa dongosolo la mikangano, mitundu yolozera, ndi mawu ozungulira - chinthu chomwe palibe mawu okhazikika omwe angachite bwino.

"Coccinelle samangopeza mawu ofanana ndi mawu - amamvetsetsa kapangidwe kake. Kuzindikira kwamawu ndi komwe kumapangitsa kuti athe kusintha mizere mamiliyoni ambiri a code popanda kubweretsa zobwerera, zomwe zimawalekanitsa ndi chida chilichonse chopezeka ndikusintha."

SmPL imathandiziranso zosinthika, zomwe zimakhala ngati makadi amtchire omwe angafanane ndi mawu, chizindikiritso, kapena mtundu uliwonse. Izi zimapangitsa kuti malamulowo azitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito komanso osinthika kumapangidwe omwe amawonekera mosiyana pang'ono mu codebase.

Kodi Nthawi zambiri Amagwiritsidwa Ntchito Pa Coccinelle?

Kusinthasintha kwa Coccinelle kumapitilira kusamuka kosavuta kwa API. Opanga ma kernel ndi osamalira amadalira izi pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingawononge nthawi yochuluka komanso chidwi.

• Chisinthiko cha API: Siginecha yantchito ikasinthidwa kapena zomata zidziwitsidwa, Coccinelle imatha kusintha tsamba lililonse loyimbira basi, kuwonetsetsa kuti zimagwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana.
• Kuzindikira zolakwika: Malamulo a SmPL amatha kuzindikira zolakwika zomwe zimachitika mobwerezabwereza monga kusowa cheke, kukonza zolakwika, kugwiritsa ntchito pambuyo pake, komanso kutayikira kwazinthu.
• Kusintha ma code: Pamene malamulo akusintha, Coccinelle amathandiza kusamutsa mipangidwe ya makolo kukhala ofanana ndi amakono - mwachitsanzo, m'malo mwa malupu okulungidwa pamanja ndi ma macro okhazikika.
• Kusintha kwa chikole: Pamene mawonekedwe a library kapena dalaivala asintha, ma code onse odalira ayenera kusintha. Coccinelle amayang'anira "kusintha kwachuma" kumeneku pofalitsa zosintha kwa aliyense wogula.
• Kukhazikitsa kachitidwe kachitidwe: Kupitilira kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito, Coccinelle imatha kukhazikitsa malamulo osunga ma code osasinthasintha, kuchepetsa phokoso pakuwunika ma code ndikuwongolera kuwerenga konse.

Mtengo wa Linux kernel source ngakhale utumiza scripts/coccinelle/ chikwatu chomwe chili ndi malamulo okonzeka a SmPL omwe opanga amatha kuyang'ana zigamba zawo asanatumize.

Kodi Coccinelle Angagwiritsidwe Ntchito Kunja kwa Linux Kernel?

Ngakhale Coccinelle adabadwa kuchokera ku Linux kernel development, sizimalekezera. C codebase iliyonse - firmware yamakina ophatikizidwa, kugwiritsa ntchito malo ogwiritsa ntchito, zida zamakina ogwiritsira ntchito - zitha kupindula ndi kuthekera kwakusintha kwa Coccinelle. Mapulojekiti monga Wine, OpenSSL, ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a BSD adatengera kuti azisamalira okha.

Chidachi chimagwiranso ntchito ngati maziko a kafukufuku wamaphunziro pakusintha kwa mapulogalamu, kukonza mapulogalamu ongochita, komanso kusanthula kokhazikika. Kuthekera kwake kufotokoza ma code ovuta m'njira yowerengeka, yofotokozera kumapangitsa kukhala chida chabwino kwambiri chophunzitsira chomvetsetsa momwe madongosolo amapulogalamu amasinthira pakapita nthawi.

Kwa matimu omwe amayang'anira ma codebases alegacy C, Coccinelle atha kuchepetsa kwambiri mtengo ndi chiwopsezo cha zoyeserera zamakono. M'malo mopereka mainjiniya kuti azisanthula pamanja ndikusintha mafayilo masauzande ambiri, chigamba chimodzi chopangidwa bwino cha semantic chingagwire ntchito yomweyo m'mphindi zolondola kwambiri.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi Coccinelle ndiyothandiza pamapulogalamu a C okha?

Coccinelle adapangidwira C ndipo amagwira bwino ntchito ndi C codebases. Pakhala pali zowonjezera zoyesera ndi ntchito zofufuza zofufuza zothandizira zilankhulo zina, koma chida chokonzekera kupanga chimayang'ana pa C. Kwa magulu omwe akugwira ntchito ndi C-based systems - kuchokera ku zipangizo zophatikizidwa kupita ku machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito - imakhalabe chida chothandizira kwambiri chosinthira makina omwe alipo.

Kodi Coccinelle amafananiza bwanji ndi zida monga sed, awk, kapena codemod?

Zida zosinthira mawu zimagwiritsa ntchito zingwe popanda kumvetsetsa kapangidwe kake. Sangathe kusiyanitsa pakati pa dzina losinthika ndi ndemanga yomwe ili ndi mawu ofanana, komanso sangawerengere kusinthasintha kwa mawu amalingaliro omwewo. Coccinelle amadula kachidindo ka C kwenikweni ndikugwira ntchito pa mtengo wake wosamveka bwino, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imapereka zabwino zambiri zabodza ndipo sizitulutsa zotuluka zosweka kuchokera ku lamulo lolembedwa bwino.

Kodi oyamba kumene angaphunzire kugwiritsa ntchito Coccinelle moyenera?

Inde, ngakhale pali njira yophunzirira. Chilankhulo cha SmPL chidapangidwa mwadala kuti chifanane ndi ma diffs ogwirizana, omwe opanga ambiri amadziwa kale kuwerenga. Zolemba za Coccinelle zimapereka zitsanzo zambiri kuyambira masinthidwe osavuta mpaka zolemba zovuta zamalamulo ambiri. Obwera kumene ambiri amayamba ndi kuphunzira malamulo omwe alipo mu bukhu la Linux kernel la scripts/coccinelle/ ndikuwasintha kuti agwirizane ndi zosowa zawo.

Sinthani Bizinesi Yanu Yekha

Monga momwe Coccinelle amasinthira kusintha kovutirapo pama codebase akulu, nsanja yoyenera yamabizinesi imagwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe ovuta kugulu lanu lonse. Mewayz imabweretsa ma module ophatikizika 207 - kuchokera ku kasamalidwe ka projekiti ndi CRM kupita ku invoice ndi HR - kukhala kachitidwe kamodzi ka bizinesi yanu. M'malo molumikiza zida zingapo zolumikizidwa, mumapeza nsanja imodzi yodalirika yodalirika ndi ogwiritsa ntchito oposa 138,000. Zolinga zimayambira pa $ 19 / mwezi. Yambitsani kuyesa kwanu kwaulere pa app.mewayz.com ndikuwona kutanthauza kuyendetsa bizinesi yanu pa autopilot.