Sistemụ X-ray nwere ike ibugharị 1MV jikọtara Cockcroft – Walton na Van de Graaff dome

Sistemụ X-ray 1MV nwere ike ibugharị nke na-ejikọta ọnụọgụ voltaji Cockcroft-Walton na Van de Graaff dome na-anọchite anya mmụba dị ịrịba ama na kọmpụta ọkụ ọkụ dị elu, na-ebuga arụmọrụ ọkwa ụlọ nyocha n'ụdị ihe nwere ike ibugharị ubi. Ihe owuwu ngwakọ a na-emeri ihe mgbochi mbugharị ogologo oge site na ijikọta nkwụsi ike voltaji nke sekit multiplikator na ụgwọ nchekwa nchekwa nke dome electrostatic, na-eme ka foto klas megavolt na-abụghị ebe a na-achịkwa.

Kedu ka Cockcroft–Walton Stage si eme ka voltaji dị elu na sistemụ mkpanaka?

The Cockcroft-Walton (CW) generator na-anọdụ na isi nke isi usoro voltaji multiplication yinye. John Cockcroft na Ernest Walton chepụtara na 1932 maka ngwangwa urughuru, sekit ahụ na-eji netwọk ubube nke diodes na capacitors iji mezie ma mụbaa ntinye AC n'ime ikike DC na-aga nke ọma - niile na-enweghị akụkụ na-akpụ akpụ.

Na nhazi enwere ike ibugharị, ọkwa CW na-arụkarị ọrụ site na kọmpat inverter dị elu (10-100 kHz range), nke na-ebelata n'ike n'ike nha anụ ahụ nke capacitors na transformer chọrọ ma e jiri ya tụnyere isi-ugboro aghụghọ. Ubube nke 10 nwere ike ịbawanye ntinye nke 50 kV elu ruo ihe dị ka 500 kV na mgbanaka ezi uche dị na ya, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ezigbo usoro ịgba ụgwọ tupu ebufe ike na Van de Graaff dome maka nhazi ikpeazụ.

Enweghị igwe na-agbagharị agbagharị na ọkwa CW bụ uru dị oke mkpa - enweghị brushes, belts, ma ọ bụ ihe mgbanaka n'ibu iji dokwaa n'ọhịa, na imewe steeti siri ike na-anabata ịma jijiji nke ga-emebi ọkụ eletrik naanị n'ibu.

Olee ọrụ Van de Graaff Dome na-arụ n'inweta mmepụta 1MV?

The Van de Graaff dome na-eje ozi dị ka ọnụ eletrọd na chaja reservoir nke ngwakọ usoro. Kama ịdabere na akwa omenala ma ọ bụ eriri roba iji kwụọ ụgwọ n'elu dome, ihe a na-ebugharị na-eji mmepụta Cockcroft-Walton na-agbanye ụgwọ ozugbo site na ntinye elu voltaji dị n'ime ya jikọtara ya na electrode ịgba n'ime shei dome.

Nhazi a na-enye ohere ka dome na-agbakọta ma jide ikike karịa ihe ọkwa CW naanị nwere ike ịkwado n'okpuru ibu. Igwe geometry dị nro dị larịị nke dome na-ebelata mwepu corona - ntapu nje na-eme mgbe ike ọkụ eletrik na mmebi nke elu na-eme ka ikuku gbara ya gburugburu - na-enye ohere ịrịgo na-akwado 1 megavolt. Dome ahụ na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka capacitor ihe nchekwa, na-eme ka mpụta dị iche iche nke CW pụta ma na-ebuga eletrọn dị ọcha karịa monoenergetic na tube X-ray.

Key Nghọta: Ngwakọ CW–Van de Graaff architecture nke ọma decouples ọgbọ voltaji site na nchekwa voltaji, na-enye ndị injinia aka ibuli subsystem ọ bụla n'adabereghị - nkà ihe ọmụma imewe nke na-ahụ maka inweta 1MV n'ime ngwugwu pere mpe zuru oke maka mbugharị ubi.

Gịnị bụ ngwa ụwa n'ezie nke Sistemụ X-ray 1MV nwere ike ibugharị?

Ike X-ray nke Megavolt-klas na-emepụta photons na-abanye n'ime nke ọma iji see onyinyo site na ígwè, kọnkịta, na ihe mgbagwoju anya nke usoro ike dị ala enweghị ike idozi. Ike a na-emepe ọtụtụ ngwa bara uru:

• Nnwale ụlọ ọrụ na-adịghị emebi emebi (NDT): Inyocha ụgbọ mmiri nrụgide siri ike, weld pipeline, na ndị na-ahụ maka akwa akwa na-enweghị ịkwasa ma ọ bụ ibuga n'ụlọ ọrụ a kapịrị ọnụ.
• Nyocha nchekwa na nchekwa: Nyocha ụgbọ ala na ibu na ngafe oke ma ọ bụ ebe a na-arụ ọrụ ebe ihe nyocha portal na-adịghị arụ ọrụ.
• Nnyocha ụgbọ elu: Inyocha akụkụ aluminom na titanium ikuku ikuku, diski turbine, na igwe rọketi siri ike n'oge usoro mmezi ubi.
• Nnyocha ụlọ ọrụ nuklia: Idepụta ihe ndị kpuchiri ekpuchi na igbe mmanụ ọkụ ebe ihe mgbochi dose na oke ohere na-egbochi redio redio.
• nyocha nyocha na geophysical: Isi mmalite ike dị elu maka ọmụmụ sayensị ihe onwunwe na nchọpụta ihe efu dị n'okpuru ala na ngwuputa ihe ma ọ bụ ebe ihe ochie.

Olee otu ngwakọ ngwakọ a si atụnyere ihe owuwu ụzọ mbata dị elu dị elu?

Sistemụ Cockcroft-Walton dị ọcha na akpịrịkpa megavolt na-ata ahụhụ site na nchikota nchikota na nguzogide dị n'ime nke na-eweda X-ray beam monochromaticity dị n'okpuru ibu. Ndị na-emepụta Van de Graaff dị ọcha, n'ụzọ dị iche, na-enye nkwụsi ike nrụpụta dị mma mana dabere na draịvụ eriri igwe nke na-enwe mmetụta iru mmiri, mmetọ ahụ, na ujo anụ ahụ - ọnọdụ niile a na-ahụkarị.

Ere ngbanwe resonant (Tesla coil derivatives) nwere ike iru oke voltaji mana mepụta mpụta pulsed, na-ahazi nke ọma nke dabara adaba na njikwa mkpughe redio. Ndị na-eme ngwa ngwa Linear (linacs) na-enweta ike megavolt klas n'ụdị enwere ike ibugharị mana na ọnụ ahịa dị elu, mgbagwoju anya na oriri ike. Ngwakọ CW–Van de Graaff na-akụtu ala etiti bara uru: ụkpụrụ voltaji dị mma karịa sekit CW kwụ ọtọ, ike siri ike karịa nke Van de Graaff na-ebugharị, yana ọnụ ahịa arụmọrụ dị ala karịa obere linac.

Kedu ihe ịma aka injinia ga-edozi maka ibunye ebe nchekwa dị mma?

Ịnweta 1MV n'ime mkpuchi nwere ike ịmepụta ọtụtụ ihe mgbochi injinia nke a ga-edozirịrị n'otu oge. Iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe mkpuchi n'ofe gradient voltaji zuru ezu chọrọ ma ọ bụ SF₆ gas pressurization ma ọ bụ kpachara anya siri ike-insulator geometry iji gbochie ndakpọ n'ime. A ghaghị itinye ihe nchebe radieshon n'ime ụlọ tube na-emeghị ka usoro ahụ dị arọ nke ukwuu ibufe. Mkpọchi nke voltaji dị elu, ihe nrịbama na-egosi, na ụkpụrụ arụ ọrụ n'ime ime dị mkpa iji chebe ndị na-arụ ọrụ site n'ihe egwu eletriki na radieshon. Njikwa okpomọkụ nke X-ray tube anode na ume dị elu, ọrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu na-achọ ka ọ dị jụụ na-arụ ọrụ ọbụna n'ụdị kọmpat. N'ikpeazụ, nrube isi na usoro nchekwa nchekwa radieshon nke mba (dị ka usoro IEC 60601 na 10 CFR 20 na mpaghara US) na-akpụzi mkpebi ọ bụla site na usoro mkpuchi ruo na akara ịdọ aka ná ntị.

Ajụjụ a na-ajụkarị

Gịnị bụ ihe dị iche n'etiti onye na-emepụta ihe nke Cockcroft–Walton na onye na-ebunye Van de Graaff?

A Cockcroft – Walton generator bụ sekit eletrọnịkị steeti siri ike na-eji diodes na capacitors na-amụba voltaji AC n'ime voltaji dị elu DC site na ubube cascade - enweghị akụkụ na-akpụ akpụ metụtara. Onye na-emepụta Van de Graaff bụ ngwaọrụ eletrọnịkị nke na-ebufe ọkụ eletrik n'ụzọ anụ ahụ na eriri na-akpụ akpụ ma ọ bụ usoro dakọtara na nnukwu ọdụ okirikiri ebe ọ na-agbakọba. N'ime usoro ngwakọ akọwapụtara ebe a, sekit CW na-arụ ọrụ dị ka mgbapụta eletrọnịkị nke na-enyefe ụgwọ n'elu Van de Graaff dome, na-ejikọta ọsọ na ntụkwasị obi nke ngwa elektrọnik steeti siri ike na ụgwọ-nchekwa na voltaji-smoothing Njirimara nke dome geometry.

Gịnị kpatara 1MV ji dị mkpa maka redio X-ray?

Na 1 megavolt accelerating ike, X-ray photon ike na-eru nso ebe ọkara uru n'ígwé na ígwè gafere 30-40 mm, nke pụtara na doo na-ejigide diagnostic iche site na ọkpụrụkpụ nkebi nke 100 mm ma ọ bụ karịa. A na-ewere ọnụ ụzọ a dị ka oke ala bara uru maka ngwa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na nchekwa redio dị arọ. N'okpuru 1MV, ntinye na-adaba nke ọma; n'elu ya, mbelata nloghachi na iche na-eme ka voltaji dị elu sie ike iji kwado maka mgbagwoju anya akụrụngwa na ibu ọrụ nchịkwa.

Sistemụ X-ray dị obere 1MV ọ dị mma iji rụọ ọrụ n'èzí?

Ee, jiri njikwa usoro kwesịrị ekwesị. A na-eji sistemu X-ray nwere ike dị elu eme ihe mgbe niile n'ime ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe n'èzí yana nyocha ndị agha n'okpuru mmemme nchekwa radieshon nke gụnyere ntọala mpaghara mwepu, nleba anya dosimetry, na nkwenye nbanye tupu mkpughe ọ bụla. Emebere nkeji ndị ahụ n'onwe ha site na usoro mkpuchi mkpuchi adịghị mma yana ike ịgba egbe dịpụrụ adịpụ nke na-edobe ndị na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma n'èzí oghere mbụ na agbasasịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsị Ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka iru mmiri na okpomọkụ na-emetụta arụmọrụ mkpuchi dome ma na-ejikwa ya site na nkọwapụta envelopu arụ ọrụ nke onye nrụpụta kọwapụtara.

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