Hacking Super Mario 64 ta amfani da wuraren rufewa

Bayan allo: Lokacin da Wasannin Bidiyo suka Haɗu da Ƙwararren Lissafi

A duniyar software, sau da yawa muna tunanin shirye-shiryen a matsayin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai da gyarawa. Abin shigar da aka bayar koyaushe yakamata ya samar da fitarwa iri ɗaya, daidai? Super Mario 64, ƙaunataccen 1996 dandamali, ya bayyana a matsayin cikakken misali na wannan. Ka'idodin sararin samaniya kamar cikakke: tsalle a kan maƙiyi, ya mutu; fada cikin rami, ka rasa rai. Koyaya, al'umma mai sadaukar da kai na masu saurin gudu da masu shirye-shirye masu sha'awar sha'awa sun shafe shekaru da yawa suna binciken gefuna na wannan duniyar dijital, suna gano ɓarna na glitches da halayen da ba a yi niyya ba. Abin mamaki, ra'ayin lissafi na "rufe sarari," wani batu daga algebraic topology, yana ba da ɗayan mafi kyawun tsarin don fahimtar yadda waɗannan kurakuran suka ba Mario damar karya ainihin ƙa'idodin wasan kuma ya cimma abin da ba zai yiwu ba.

Fahimtar Tsarin Gudanar da Wasan

A ainihinsa, Super Mario 64, kamar yawancin wasannin 3D, sun dogara da tsarin daidaitawa don bin matsayin Mario. An tsara duniyar wasan a cikin nau'i uku: X, Y, da Z. A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, motsi na Mario yana da ƙuntatawa ta hanyar lissafi na matakin - ganuwar suna da ƙarfi, benaye suna tafiya. Koyaya, ƙwaƙwalwar wasan yana da iyaka. Don wakiltar matsayin Mario, wasan yana amfani da sauye-sauye waɗanda zasu iya ɗaukar takamaiman kewayon lambobi. Lokacin da Mario ya wuce iyakokin da aka nufa na matakin, waɗannan masu canji na iya "zubawa" ko "nannade a kusa," wanda ke haifar da halayen da ba zato ba tsammani. Wannan tasirin zagaye-zagaye ne ke haifar da haɗin kai zuwa duniyar da ke rufe sararin samaniya.

Mene ne Wurin Rufewa?

A cikin topology, abin rufe sararin samaniya ra'ayi ne na lissafi wanda ke bayyana babban sarari wanda "rufe" ƙarami ta hanyar ci gaba da taswira. Sauƙaƙe, kwatanci mara fasaha shine matakin karkace wanda ke rufe da'irar. Ka yi tunanin aya ɗaya a ƙasan bene. Yayin da kuke hawan matakala, kai tsaye kuna saman wannan batu a kowane bene. Karkashe mara iyaka shine "sararin rufewa," kuma da'irar guda ɗaya a kan bene na ƙasa shine "sararin tushe." Kowane aya a kan ƙasa (tushe) yayi daidai da adadin maki mara iyaka kai tsaye sama da shi akan karkace (rufin). Hakazalika, yi tunanin tururuwa a kan ramin rikodin; ragon da'irar ce, amma hanyar tururuwa tare da karkatacciyar tsagi a saman faifan rikodin wuri ne mai rufe wannan da'irar.

"Kyawun waɗannan ɓangarorin shine sun bayyana tushen tsarin lissafi na duniyar wasan, tsarin da ba a taɓa nufin a gani ba amma duk da haka yana nan."

Tsarin sararin samaniya a cikin Gidan Peach's Castle

A cikin Super Mario 64, ana iya tunanin yankin da aka yi niyya na wasan don kowane matakin a matsayin "sarari mai tushe." Amma saboda yadda ake adana abubuwan haɗin kai da ƙididdige su, injin wasan a zahiri yana haifar da ɗimbin yawa, mai maimaita grid na waɗannan matakan. Kowane tantanin halitta a cikin wannan grid cikakkiyar kwafi ne, ko “rufin,” na ainihin matakin. Waɗannan su ne abin da 'yan wasa ke kira "parallel universes." A al'ada, ganuwar da iyakoki suna kiyaye Mario zuwa tsakiya, kwafin da aka yi niyya. Koyaya, ta yin amfani da ƙayyadaddun glitches- galibi suna haɗa takamaiman motsi waɗanda ke haifar da wasan don yin kuskuren matsayin Mario—'yan wasa na iya tilasta masu daidaitawar Mario su “nannade” daga ɗayan waɗannan sararin samaniya zuwa wani.

Wannan shi ne hack. Ta hanyar sarrafa yanayin wasan, ɗan wasa zai iya sa Mario ya bayyana a cikin "kwafin" matakin daban-daban, wanda yake kama da geometrically amma an sanya shi a wani yanki na daban na babban wasan, grid mai daidaitawa. Daga wannan sabon fage, Mario na iya ketare cikas waɗanda ba za a iya shawo kansu ba a cikin filin wasan da aka yi niyya. Mahimmin mahimmanci shine cewa tunanin wasan yana bincika kawai don samun karo da abubuwan da ke haifar da su a cikin "kwafi" na yanzu Mario yana ciki. Ta hanyar motsawa tsakanin waɗannan wurare masu kama da juna, Mario na iya da gaske ta hanyar bango ko kuma nan da nan ya wuce tazara mai nisa.

• Mataki mara iyaka: Shahararren misali ya haɗa da kai ga matakin da ake ganin ba shi da iyaka ba tare da tattara taurarin da ake buƙata ba. Ta hanyar yin daidaitaccen haske, 'yan wasa suna matsawa Mario zuwa cikin sararin samaniya mai kama da juna inda aka riga an kunna matattarar matakala.
• Yanke bango: Ta hanyar sarrafa kusurwar Mario da gudun kan bango, ’yan wasa za su iya tilasta masu haɗin gwiwarsa su yi ambaliya zuwa cikin “kwafin” da ke kusa da ɗakin, yana ba shi damar tafiya ta cikin ƙaƙƙarfan al'amura.
• Speedrun Gajerun hanyoyi: Waɗannan dabaru suna da mahimmanci ga gudu-gurguwa, wanda ke baiwa ƴan wasa damar kammala wasan cikin mintuna ta hanyar tsallake ɓangarorin wasan da aka yi niyya.

Gina Tsarin Haɗin Kai, Ba Mai Haushi ba

Lokacin da yin kutse a wasa yana bayyana ɓoyayyun tsare-tsare masu ban sha'awa, a duniyar software na kasuwanci, rashin tabbas maƙiyi ne. Dole ne tsarin aiki na kasuwanci ya zama abin dogaro da daidaito. Wannan shine inda falsafar da ke bayan dandamali kamar Mewayz ta zama mai mahimmanci. An ƙirƙira Mewayz azaman OS ɗin kasuwanci na zamani don samar da haɗe-haɗe da ƙayyadaddun yanayi don ayyukanku. Maimakon tsarin da ba shi da ƙarfi inda ƙananan canje-canje na iya haifar da bala'i da sakamakon da ba a yi niyya ba (kamar daidaitawar ambaliya), Mewayz yana ba da kwanciyar hankali, kayan haɗin kai don CRM, gudanar da ayyuka, da sadarwa. Manufar ita ce ƙirƙirar tafiyar aiki mara kyau inda bayanai ke gudana cikin tsinkaya tsakanin kayan aiki, yana ba ku cikakkiyar ra'ayi mai kyau game da aikinku gaba ɗaya-babu daidaitattun sararin samaniya da ake buƙata. Kamar yadda fahimtar sararin samaniya ke taimakawa wajen bayyana ɓoyayyun makanikai na wasa, ta yin amfani da ingantaccen tsari kamar Mewayz yana taimaka muku fahimtar da sanin ainihin tsarin kasuwancin ku.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi

Bayan Allon: Lokacin da Wasannin Bidiyo Suka Haɗu da Ƙwararren Lissafi

A duniyar software, sau da yawa muna tunanin shirye-shiryen a matsayin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai da gyarawa. Abin shigar da aka bayar koyaushe yakamata ya samar da fitarwa iri ɗaya, daidai? Super Mario 64, ƙaunataccen 1996 dandamali, ya bayyana a matsayin cikakken misali na wannan. Ka'idodin sararin samaniya kamar cikakke: tsalle a kan maƙiyi, ya mutu; fada cikin rami, ka rasa rai. Koyaya, al'umma mai sadaukar da kai na masu saurin gudu da masu shirye-shirye masu sha'awar sha'awa sun shafe shekaru da yawa suna binciken gefuna na wannan duniyar dijital, suna gano ɓarna na glitches da halayen da ba a yi niyya ba. Abin mamaki, ra'ayin lissafi na "rufe sarari," wani batu daga algebraic topology, yana ba da ɗayan mafi kyawun tsarin don fahimtar yadda waɗannan kurakuran suka ba Mario damar karya ainihin ƙa'idodin wasan kuma ya cimma abin da ba zai yiwu ba.

Fahimtar Tsarin Gudanar da Wasan

A ainihinsa, Super Mario 64, kamar yawancin wasannin 3D, sun dogara da tsarin daidaitawa don bin matsayin Mario. An tsara duniyar wasan a cikin nau'i uku: X, Y, da Z. A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, motsi na Mario yana da ƙuntatawa ta hanyar lissafi na matakin - ganuwar suna da ƙarfi, benaye suna tafiya. Koyaya, ƙwaƙwalwar wasan yana da iyaka. Don wakiltar matsayin Mario, wasan yana amfani da sauye-sauye waɗanda zasu iya ɗaukar takamaiman kewayon lambobi. Lokacin da Mario ya wuce iyakokin da aka nufa na matakin, waɗannan masu canji na iya "zubawa" ko "nannade a kusa," wanda ke haifar da halayen da ba zato ba tsammani. Wannan tasirin zagaye-zagaye ne ke haifar da haɗin kai zuwa duniyar da ke rufe sararin samaniya.

Mene ne Wurin Rufewa?

A cikin topology, abin rufe sararin samaniya ra'ayi ne na lissafi wanda ke bayyana babban sarari wanda "rufe" ƙarami ta hanyar ci gaba da taswira. Sauƙaƙe, kwatanci mara fasaha shine matakin karkace wanda ke rufe da'irar. Ka yi tunanin aya ɗaya a ƙasan bene. Yayin da kuke hawan matakala, kai tsaye kuna saman wannan batu a kowane bene. Karkashe mara iyaka shine "sararin rufewa," kuma da'irar guda ɗaya a kan bene na ƙasa shine "sararin tushe." Kowane aya a kan ƙasa (tushe) yayi daidai da adadin maki mara iyaka kai tsaye sama da shi akan karkace (rufin). Hakazalika, yi tunanin tururuwa a kan ramin rikodin; ragon da'irar ce, amma hanyar tururuwa tare da karkatacciyar tsagi a saman faifan rikodin wuri ne mai rufe wannan da'irar.

Tsarin sararin samaniya a cikin Gidan Peach's Castle

A cikin Super Mario 64, ana iya tunanin yankin da aka yi niyya na wasan don kowane matakin a matsayin "sarari mai tushe." Amma saboda yadda ake adana abubuwan haɗin kai da ƙididdige su, injin wasan a zahiri yana haifar da ɗimbin yawa, mai maimaita grid na waɗannan matakan. Kowane tantanin halitta a cikin wannan grid cikakkiyar kwafi ne, ko “rufin,” na ainihin matakin. Waɗannan su ne abin da 'yan wasa ke kira "parallel universes." A al'ada, ganuwar da iyakoki suna kiyaye Mario zuwa tsakiya, kwafin da aka yi niyya. Koyaya, ta yin amfani da ƙayyadaddun glitches- galibi suna haɗa takamaiman motsi waɗanda ke haifar da wasan don yin kuskuren matsayin Mario—'yan wasa na iya tilasta masu daidaitawar Mario su “nannade” daga ɗayan waɗannan sararin samaniya zuwa wani.

Gina Tsarin Haɗin Kai, Ba Mai Haushi ba

Lokacin da yin kutse a wasa yana bayyana ɓoyayyun tsare-tsare masu ban sha'awa, a duniyar software na kasuwanci, rashin tabbas maƙiyi ne. Dole ne tsarin aiki na kasuwanci ya zama abin dogaro da daidaito. Wannan shine inda falsafar da ke bayan dandamali kamar Mewayz ta zama mai mahimmanci. An ƙirƙira Mewayz azaman OS ɗin kasuwanci na zamani don samar da haɗe-haɗe da ƙayyadaddun yanayi don ayyukanku. Maimakon tsarin da ba shi da ƙarfi inda ƙananan canje-canje na iya haifar da bala'i da sakamakon da ba a yi niyya ba (kamar daidaitawar ambaliya), Mewayz yana ba da kwanciyar hankali, kayan haɗin kai don CRM, gudanar da ayyuka, da sadarwa. Manufar ita ce ƙirƙirar tafiyar aiki mara kyau inda bayanai ke gudana cikin tsinkaya tsakanin kayan aiki, yana ba ku cikakkiyar ra'ayi mai kyau game da aikinku gaba ɗaya-babu daidaitattun sararin samaniya da ake buƙata. Kamar yadda fahimtar sararin samaniya ke taimakawa wajen bayyana ɓoyayyun makanikai na wasa, ta yin amfani da ingantaccen tsari kamar Mewayz yana taimaka muku fahimtar da sanin ainihin tsarin kasuwancin ku.