gRPC: Tso Subɔsubɔdɔ ƒe Gɔmeɖeɖe dzi yi Wire ƒe Nɔnɔme dzi

gRPC nye dɔwɔwɔ nyuie, ʋuʋu-dzɔtsoƒe didiƒe ɖoɖowɔɖi yɔyɔ (RPC) ɖoɖo si trɔa alesi microservices ɖoa dze to Protocol Buffers zazã hena subɔsubɔdɔ ƒe gɔmesese sesẽwo kple HTTP/2 hena binary ƒe gbeƒãɖeɖe nyuie. Wotrɔ asi le eŋu gbã le Google eye fifia enye CNCF ƒe sukunuwuwu ƒe dɔ, gRPC va zu egbegbe mama ƒe ɖoɖowo ƒe megbeƒu, si naa ŋusẽ nusianu tso ememe subɔsubɔdɔ ƒe kadodowo dzi va ɖo API siwo dze ŋgɔ dutoƒo dzi le dɔwɔƒewo abe Netflix, Dropbox, kple Cisco.

Nukae Nye gRPC Kple Nukatae Wòle Vevie Na Egbegbe Xɔtuɖaŋu?

gRPC tsi tre ɖi na "gRPC Remote Procedure Call," kpukpui si wogbugbɔ gblɔna si fia asi eƒe susu ɖeka kolia: nana be adzɔge subɔsubɔ yɔyɔwo nase le wo ɖokui me be wole dzɔdzɔme nu abe alesi nutoa me dɔwɔwɔ yɔyɔwo ene. To vovo na REST API siwo ɖoa ŋu ɖe JSON ŋu to HTTP/1.1 dzi la, gRPC zãa Protocol Buffers (protobuf) abe eƒe Interface Definition Language (IDL) kple eƒe serialization format siaa ene, tsɔ kpe ɖe HTTP/2 ŋu abe eƒe transport protocol ene.

Ƒoƒu sia naa viɖe siwo woate ŋu adzidze. Zi geɖe la, Protobuf gbedasiwo nɔa sue wu woƒe JSON sɔsɔewo zi gbɔ zi 3–10, eye woƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ɖe wo nɔewo yome kabakaba wu zi gbɔ zi 20–100. HTTP/2 multiplexing ɖea head-of-line blocking ɖa, si ɖea mɔ na RPC alafa geɖe siwo le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me to TCP kadodo ɖeka dzi. Le mɔ̃ siwo kpɔa module gbogbo aɖewo siwo do ƒome kple wo nɔewo dzi la, dɔwɔwɔ ƒe viɖe siawo dzina ɖe edzi ŋutɔ.

Dɔwɔɖoɖoa doa alɔ kadodo ƒe ɖoɖo ene: unary (biabia ɖeka, ŋuɖoɖo ɖeka), server streaming, client streaming, kple bidirectional streaming. Trɔtrɔ sia na gRPC sɔ na nusianu tso CRUD dɔwɔwɔ bɔbɔewo dzi va ɖo ɣeyiɣi ŋutɔŋutɔ me nyatakakawo tsɔtsɔ yi na amewo kple nudzɔdzɔ siwo nɔa anyi didi ƒe sisi dzi.

Aleke Subɔsubɔdɔ ƒe Gɔmeɖeɖe Va zua Kɔda si Woate Ŋu Awɔ?

gRPC ƒe agbenɔƒe dzea egɔme kple .proto faɛl — nubabla si ɖea wò dɔwɔwɔwo, mɔnuwo, kple gbedasi ƒomeviwo gɔme le gbegbɔgblɔ-manyamanya ƒe ɖoɖo me. Alesi mɔzɔzɔ ma le afɔɖeɖe ɖesiaɖe enye si:

ƒe nyawo
1. Schema nuŋɔŋlɔ: Èɖea subɔsubɔ ƒe ŋgɔdonyawo kple gbedasiwo ƒe ɖoɖowo gɔme le Protocol Buffers v3 nyagɔmeɖegbalẽ me, tsɔa agble ƒomeviwo, xexlẽdzesiwo, kple RPC mɔnu ƒe asidede agbalẽ te kple biabia kple ŋuɖoɖo ƒomevi siwo dze ƒã.
2. Kɔdadzidzi: protoc nuƒoƒoƒula, si wotsɔ kpe ɖe gbegbɔgblɔ tɔxɛ ƒe gRPC kpeɖeŋutɔ ŋu, wɔa asitsalawo ƒe stubs kple server base classes le wò gbegbɔgblɔ si nèɖo taɖodzinu na me — Go, Python, Java, Rust, C++, alo gbegbɔgblɔ 12+ siwo wodo alɔe dometɔ ɖesiaɖe.
3. Server ƒe dɔwɔwɔ: Dɔwɔlawo wɔa server ƒe ŋgɔdonya si wowɔ la ŋudɔ, yɔa asitsatsa ƒe susu me esime ɖoɖoa le kadodo dzikpɔkpɔ, kaƒoƒo, kple ɖoɖowɔɖi ŋuti nyatakakawo gbɔ kpɔm.
4. Asitsalawo ƒe yɔyɔ: Asitsalawo ƒe stub siwo wowɔ naa mɔnu yɔyɔ siwo le dedie le ƒomevi me kple kpekpeɖeŋu si wotu ɖe eme na ɣeyiɣi mamlɛawo, metadata kaka, tetre, kple gbugbɔgadze agbagba ƒe ɖoɖowo le wo ɖokui si.
5. Kaƒoƒo: Le yɔyɔɣi la, woɖoa biabia gbedasiwo ɖe ɖoɖo nu ɖe compact binary protobuf encoding me, wotsɔa 5-byte gRPC tanya (compression flag + message length) ɖoa wo ɖe ɖoɖo nu, eye woɖoa wo ɖe HTTP/2 DATA frames dzi.

ƒe nyawo

Gbese vevi: gRPC ƒe ŋusẽ gãtɔ menye duƒuƒu ƒuƒlu o — enye nubabla si dzi woate ŋu awɔ ɖo. .proto faɛl wɔa dɔ le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me abe nuŋlɔɖi, kpeɖodzi ƒe ƒuƒoƒo, kple kɔda wɔwɔ ene, si ɖea ƒoƒo ɖekae ƒe vodada ƒe hatsotso blibo siwo ɖea fu na REST API siwo woŋlɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu la ɖa. Ne module 207 le wò platform la si siwo hiã be woaɖo dze kakaɖedzitɔe la, nubabla ma va zua wò xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe nunɔamesi vevitɔ kekeake.

Nukae Dzɔna Ðe Ka La Dzi Le gRPC Yɔyɔ Me?

Ka ƒe nɔnɔme gɔmesese ɖea gRPC ƒe vodadawo ɖɔɖɔɖo kple dɔwɔwɔ ƒe ɖɔɖɔɖo ɖa. Ne asitsaha aɖe yɔ RPC la, ɖoɖo si gbɔna la ʋuna ɖe HTTP/2 dzi:

Asitsalawo ʋua (alo gbugbɔ zãa) HTTP/2 kadodo eye wòɖoa HEADERS frame si me mɔnu ƒe mɔ (/package.Service/Method), emenyawo ƒe ƒomevi (application/grpc), ɣeyiɣi ƒe nuwuwu, kple metadata ɖesiaɖe si wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu le. Esia kplɔe ɖo kple DATA frame ɖeka alo esi wu nenema si tsɔa serialized protobuf payload, ɖesiaɖe do ŋgɔ kple 5-byte didime-prefixed message framing.

Dɔwɔƒea wɔa dɔ tso biabia la ŋu eye wòtrɔa eya ŋutɔ ƒe HEADERS frame, emegbe ŋuɖoɖo DATA frame siwo zãa framing protocol ma ke. Yɔyɔa wu enu kple HEADERS frame si tsɔ metadata siwo le megbe, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye grpc-status ƒe kɔda vevi kple grpc-message si woateŋu atia hena vodada ŋuti nyatakakawo.

Aleke Wòle Be Ƒuƒoƒowo Nate Ðe gRPC Xɔxɔ Ŋu Le Aɖaŋuɖoɖo Nu?

GRPC xɔxɔ menye nyametsotso si wowɔna le nusianu alo naneke me o. Zi geɖe la, ƒuƒoƒo siwo kpɔa dzidzedze la zɔna ɖe mɔ si dzi woate ŋu awɔ nu le la dzi. Dze egɔme kple ememe subɔsubɔdɔ kple subɔsubɔdɔ dome kadodo afisi nuwuƒe eveawo siaa le wò ŋusẽ te eye dɔwɔwɔ ƒe viɖewo dzena wu. Zã gRPC-Gateway alo Envoy transcoding nàtsɔ aɖe REST ƒe nuwuƒewo ɖe go na gotagome nuƒlela siwo le mɔ kpɔm na JSON APIwo. De ga proto registry si le titina me kaba — dɔwɔnuwo abe Buf ene naa linting, breaking change detection, kple managed code generation si xea mɔ na schema drift to teams.

Lé ŋku ɖe nusiwo woate ŋu akpɔ ŋu nyuie. gRPC interceptors (middleware) wɔa ɖeka kple OpenTelemetry dzadzɛ hena kplɔkplɔ si woma, eye nɔnɔme ƒe kɔda siwo sɔ la wɔa nɔnɔmetata nyuie ɖe ŋkuléleɖenuŋu ƒe dashboardwo ŋu. Le agba ƒe dadasɔ gome la, lɔ̃ L7 ƒe dadasɔ le asitsalawo ƒe akpa dzi alo teƒenɔla dzi wu L4 mɔnu xoxowo, elabena HTTP/2 ƒe kadodo siwo nɔa anyi ɖaa ateŋu awɔ ʋuɖoɖo ƒe mama si mesɔ o le TCP agba dadasɔ bɔbɔewo megbe.

Nyabiase Siwo Wobiana Enuenu

Ðe gRPC ateŋu aɖɔli REST APIwo keŋkeŋ?

Menye le nɔnɔmewo katã me o. gRPC bi ɖe ememe subɔsubɔdɔ-ɖe-subɔsubɔ kadodo me afisi dɔwɔwɔ, ƒomevi ƒe dedienɔnɔ, kple streaming le vevie. Ke hã, REST gakpɔtɔ nyo wu na API siwo dze ŋgɔ dutoƒo siwo nyatakakadzraɖoƒewo, ame etɔ̃lia ƒe ƒoƒo ɖekae, kple nɔnɔme siwo me fetu siwo amegbetɔ ate ŋu axlẽ na be vodadawo ɖeɖeɖa nɔa bɔbɔe. Dɔwɔwɔ ƒe xɔtuɖaŋu geɖewo zãa gRPC le ememe esime wole REST alo GraphQL ɖem ɖe go le gota to API agbowo dzi.

Aleke gRPC kpɔa megbedede ƒe sɔsɔ gbɔ ne subɔsubɔdɔwo le tɔtrɔm?

Wowɔ Protocol Buffers na schema ƒe tɔtrɔ. Àteŋu atsɔ agble yeyewo akpe ɖe agble ƒe xexlẽdzesi tɔxɛwo ŋu evɔ màgbã asisi siwo li xoxo o — woŋea aɖaba ƒua agble siwo womenya o dzi le ɖoɖoezizi me. Gake mele be nàgazã agble ƒe xexlẽdzesiwo ake, atrɔ agble ƒomeviwo, alo aɖe agble siwo dzi dɔwɔƒe bubuwo nɔ te ɖo la ɖa gbeɖe o. Dɔwɔnuwo abe Buf ƒe breaking change detector ene wɔa dedienɔnɔ ŋuti ɖaseɖiɖi siawo le wo ɖokui si le CI pipelines me, léa tɔtrɔ siwo mewɔ ɖeka o hafi wova ɖoa ewɔwɔ gbɔ.

Nukae nye kuxi gãtɔwo ne wole gRPC xɔm le dzidzenu nu?

Kuxi etɔ̃ siwo bɔ wu enye binary payloads ƒe vodadawo ɖɔɖɔɖo (wokpɔ wo gbɔ to dɔwɔnuwo abe grpcurl kple gRPC-Web DevTools dzi), browser ƒe masɔmasɔ kple HTTP/2 trailers (si gbɔ gRPC-Web alo Connect protocol kpɔ), kple agba ƒe dadasɔ ƒe sesẽ kple HTTP/2 kadodo siwo nɔa anyi ɖaa. Wo dometɔ ɖesiaɖe ƒe egbɔkpɔnu tsitsiwo le esi, gake ele be ƒuƒoƒowo nawɔ ɖoɖo ɖe nusɔsrɔ̃ ƒe mɔnu ŋu, vevietɔ ne wole tɔtrɔm tso xɔtuɖaŋu si wotu ɖe REST dzi dzro ko dzi.

Nuƒolanɔƒe si me dɔwɔƒe gbogbo aɖewo siwo do ƒome kple wo nɔewo le tutu bia kadodomɔnu siwo le kabakaba, siwo le dedie le ƒomeviwo nu, eye wotu wo na nɔnɔmetɔtrɔ. Eɖanye be èle API ememetɔwo ƒe ɖoɖo wɔm alo èle microservice mesh si li xoxo la dzidzem o, gRPC naa gɔmeɖoanyi na subɔsubɔ kadodo si ŋu kakaɖedzi le.